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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling of the responses to nitrogen availability of two Plantago species grown at a range of exponential nutrient addition rates (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 11 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Plantago major ssp. major and P. lanceolata were grown in solution culture with exponential nutrient addition rates. Compared with P. lanceolata, P. major major showed a higher shoot weight ratio (SWR, fraction of plant dry weight in the shoot) and a higher net assimilation rate (NAR, expressed on a leaf dry weight basis) at equal plant (PNC) and shoot (SNC) nitrogen concentration, respectively. No difference was observed in shoot nitrogen ratio (SNR, fraction of plant nitrogen in the shoot) against PNC between the two species. The effect of these differences in matter partitioning and NAR on plant growth was examined by using a growth model. The model assumed (1) that the SWR and SNR are a linear function of PNC and (2) that the NAR is a rectangular hyperbolic function of SNC. Curvilinear relationships were observed between relative growth rate (RGR) and PNC. P. major major had a higher RGR at equal PNC and, thus, a higher nitrogen productivity (NP) than P. lanceolata. Steady-stale exponential growth was simulated for different nitrogen availability in the environment. P. major major had a higher RGR over the whole range of nitrogen availability but the difference attenuated with decreasing availability of nitrogen. The simulation also showed P. lanccolata having higher plasticity in the shoot/root ratio, which resulted from its higher variability in PNC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1988.tb01908.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the responses of two Plantago species to nitrate availability in culture experiments with exponential nutrient addition (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 74 (1987), S. 389-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Nitrogen productivity ; Physiological optimum ; Relative addition rate ; Rooting depth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Juvenile plants of Plantago lanceolata and P. major ssp. major were grown on nutrient solution at optimal availability of nitrate as well as at various degrees of suboptimal nitrate availability. In the optimal treatment the nutrient solution contained 7.5 mmol NO 3 - per 1. In the various suboptimal treatments nitrate of the basic solution was replaced by sulphate, and nitrate was continually added during the experimental period. The rate of addition was exponential, according to the formula: $$NO_3 - N = N_0 \cdot {\text{ (e}}^{{\text{RAR}} \cdot t} - 1)$$ (No=initial content of nitrogen in the seedling, RAR=relative addition rate, t=time in days). There were four suboptimal treatments corresponding to RAR's of 0.25, 0.20, 0.15 and 0.10 per day. In all cases plants were in steady state. The plant parameters as varied in the experimental treatments were related to the N concentrations (% fresh weight). Most relationships were linear. P. major attained a higher RGR than P. lanceolata at equal N concentrations. The root weight ratio was inversely proportional to the N concentration, and varied between 0.55 and 0.25. The N productivity (mg·(mg N)-1·d-1) with respect to shoot biomass was proportional to the N concentration, and higher in P. major. This difference is related to the lower N concentration of P. major. The N productivity with respect to root biomass was highest when the N concentration was reduced by about 50 per cent. The length of the root axis was inversely proportional to the N concentration, and greater in P. lanceolata. The ecological implications of the experimental results were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378935
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population differentiation within Festuca rubra L. with regard to soil salinity and soil water (1978)
    Springer
    Oecologia 34 (1978), S. 329-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Seed and transplanted adult plants from populations of Festuca rubra, collected from inland, salt-marsh and sand-dune sites were grown on culture solution with added sodium chloride. The growth of the populations of the three habitats was reduced differentially by salt. The salt marsh ecotype Festuca rubra ssp. litoralis was only slightly affected and the inland ecotype F. rubra ssp. rubra was severely retarded at 60 mM NaCl. The dune ecotype F. rubra ssp. arenaria had an intermediate tolerance. The tolerant ecotypes accumulated less sodium chloride as compared to the sensitive ecotype, suggesting that salt tolerance is caused in part by salt exclusion. In addition, the dune ecotype F.r. arenaria appeared to be more drought tolerant than the salt marsh ecotype. Abscission of salt-saturated leaves does not function as an adaptation to salinity in Festuca rubra. All three ecotypes accumulated proline with increased salinity. The response was most pronounced in the drought tolerant F.r. arenaria, indicating that proline accumulation is a response to osmotic stress rather than to ion-specific effects of salinity. The observed differences in salt tolerance may be explained by differential sensitivity to toxic effects of sodium chloride. The occurrence on a beach plain of closely adjacent populations of F.r. arenaria and F.r. litoralis, differing markedly in salt tolerance, is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00344910
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between the specific absorption rate and extremely low ambient nitrate concentrations under steady-state conditions (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 117 (1989), S. 121-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: ambient concentration ; exponential nutrient-addition ; nitrate compensation point ; nitrate uptake ; Plantago lanceolata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Some water-culture experiments were carried out to measure the ambient nitrate concentration under conditions of exponential addition of nitrate. Juvenile plants ofPlantago lanceolata were therefore grown on an agitated nutrient solution. Nitrate was continually added to the culture vessels during the experimental period. The amount added per plant increased exponentially with time, in accordance with the formula: $$NO_3 - N = N_0 .(e^{(RAR.t)} - 1)$$ (N0=initial content of N in the seedling, RAR=relative addition rate, t=time in days). There were three treatments corresponding to RAR's of 0.20, 0.15 and 0.10 d−1. All of them were suboptimal forP. lanceolata. Nitrate concentrations of the culture solution were measured weekly. In all cases plants were in steady state after two weeks. The relative growth rate was about equal to the RAR within treatments. The root weight ratio was inversely proportional to the RAR, and the internal N concentration proportional. Ambient nitrate concentrations were relatively high during the first two weeks. Ambient concentrations in the second half of the culture periods ranged from 0.35 to 1.8 μM. Linear and multiple regressions of the external nitrate concentration on the specific absorption rate (SAR), and on SAR and some other variables, respectively, were carried out. Most of its variation could be explained by the SAR (r2=0.9827); root size had a minor effect. The experimental results lead to the conclusion that ambient concentrations in culture experiments with exponential nutrient-addition are a result of the treatment. They also indicate which external concentrations may be expected to create strongly suppressed growth. Furthermore, the experiments suggest that the lower limit for nitrate absorption is a zero concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02206264
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of nitrate concentration in a flowing solution system on growth and nitrate uptake of twoPlantago species (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 77 (1984), S. 159-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ecophysiology ; Flowing solution system ; Nitrate accumulation ; Nitrate concentration ; Nitrate uptake ; N-deficiency ; Plantago lanceolata ; Plantago major ; Plant growth ; Root development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Juvenile plants ofPlantago lanceolata andP. major ssp.major were grown in a flowing solution system at 7.5 mM or 9.5 μM NO3. The parameters investigated were: RGR, shoot weight percentage, leaf length, length of main root axis, shoot concentrations of major ions and organic N, and the specific uptake rate for NO3. At 9.5 μM NO3 growth ofP. major was not hampered, whereas shoot growth and leaf length ofP. lanceolata were reduced. The NO3 concentration ofP. lanceolata decreased more than that ofP. major. The different performances of the species at 9.5 μM NO3 were associated with different specific uptake rates. In both treatments the root system ofP. major was shorter than that ofP. lanceolata. P. lanceolata accumulated more NO3 in the leaves. The performance of thePlantago species is discussed in relation to the availability of nutrients in their habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182920
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of the ambient concentration as a criterion for steady state after exponential growth: Some culture experiments with optimum or suboptimum N nutrition (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 151 (1993), S. 265-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: exponential addition ; nitrate ; Plantago lanceolata L. ; relative uptake rate ; reproductive growth rate ; SAR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Culture experiments are described in which Plantago lanceolata L. was grown from seedling till flowering under steady state conditions of optimum or suboptimum nitrate nutrition. In the optimum treatment, plants had free access to nitrate. In two suboptimum treatments, nitrate was added with constant relative addition rates (RAR) of 0.18 or 0.10 d−1 during the phase of constant relative uptake rates (RUR) of the plants and then with RAR's that were reduced stepwise from 0.18 to 0.07 d−1 or 0.10 to 0.04 d−1 when nutrient absorption gradually decreased. Reduction of the RAR's was aimed at maintenance of a balance between RAR and RUR. External nitrate concentrations were measured to monitor the reductions. In the vegetative phase, the relative growth rate (RGR) and the root weight ratio (RWR) of P. lanceolata were constant. In the reproductive phase, RGR's were constant, but lower, and RWR's decreased. Concentrations of organic-N in leaves were stable during the experimental period while those of the peduncles were lower and decreased with time. The ratio of reproductive to vegetative weight increased linearly with time. A number of plant parameters varied with N supply. ei]Section editor: T W Rufty
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016292
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