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  • 1
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    Development of large fish farm numerical modeling techniques with in situ mooring tension comparisons (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Aquacultural Engineering 36 (2007): 137-148, doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2006.10.001.
    Description: A study is conducted to validate a numerical model for calculating mooring system tensions of a large fish farm containing 20 net pens in the absence of waves. The model is forced using measured current velocity values obtained outside of the farm. Mooring line tensions calculated with the numerical model are compared with load cell field data sets. The approach considers current velocity reduction and load characteristics that occur through the net pen system for both clean and fouled net conditions. Without accounting for the reduction, the numerical model produces excessively conservative results. With reduction, a substantial improvement occurs. Understanding these differences will help to establish appropriate safety factors when designing large marine fish farms using the model. Additional validation studies should be conducted with wave and current forcing to investigate the modeling large fish farms for exposed or open ocean sites.
    Description: The authors would also like to express sincere thanks the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for funding this project through the Saltonstall-Kennedy program under Grant NAO3NMF4270183.
    Keywords: Mooring analysis ; Finite elements ; Flow reduction ; Fouled nets
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
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    Instrumentation for open ocean aquaculture monitoring (2005)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is assisting the University of New Hampshire by instrumenting a fish cage and mooring as part of their Open Ocean Aquaculture demonstration program in the Gulf of Maine. To understand these systems, the wave and current forcing and the response of the mooring and fish cage needs to be measured. A UNH mooring with an ADCP measured the current forcing. Tension in the mooring lines was measured by load cells deployed with the mooring during servicing in August 2000. Load cells were placed in each anchor line, and, in the NE corner, also in the two grid lines and the riser line to the fish cage. Low power recording systems were deployed on the load cell mounting bars by divers on 22 October 2000, recorded good data through January 2001, when they were turned around and redeployed. Three single load cell recorders were recovered in July 2001 and recorded though 23 June when their data storage filled. The four load cell system was recovered in March after a large winter storm, and had failed in early March. The wave forcing was measured with a wave rider buoy with a 3-axis accelerometer measuring its motion. The acceleration was integrated twice to obtain wave displacement. The system mooring contained a compliant elastic. The wave rider was deployed on 4 January 2001 and recovered on 17 March 2001 after a major Northeast storm. It recorded data throughout its deployment. The motion of the moored fish cage was measured by a motion package constructed around a 6-axis Motion-Pak and a PC-104 data system. The motion package was deployed on the fish cage from Jan into March 2001 and recorded motions thoughout without difficuly. It observed a major storm in early March where the counter weight was lost from the fish cage, and its increase in motion thereafter.
    Description: Fudning was provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminstration for the Open Ocean Aquaculture Project under Contract No. NA86RG0016 to the University of New Hampshire and under Subcontracts 00-394 and 01-442 to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Keywords: Open ocean aquaculture ; Motion monitoring ; Mooring line tension
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 10537436 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Deployment of the northern fish cage and mooring, University of New Hampshire — Open Ocean Aquaculture Program summer 2000 (2005)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The University of New Hampshire - Open Ocean Aquaculture (UNH-OOA) program has worked for the past few years on developing the technology to deploy and maintain fish cages in open, exposed northern waters. In June 1999, two Sea Station octagonal net cages by Ocean Spar Technologies were deployed with their UNH designed and constructed moorings. In June 2000 the Northern Cage and its mooring were retrieved, examined and repaired , and readied for redeployment. This was a complex operation, initiated by a team of UNH ocean engineers lead by Dr. Barbaros Celikkol. This year's effort was expanded with the addition of a Program Manager (Michael Chambers), the Fishing Vessel Nobska, and researchers from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). During the week of 21 to 25 August 2000, the cage and mooring were assembled and deployed at the UNH-OOA site seven miles offshore the New Hampshire coast, south of the Isle of Shoals. This collaborative effort involved members of the UNH Mechanical Engineering Dept., UNH divers, members of the WHOI Applied Ocean Physics & Engineering Dept. and the Captain and crew of the FV Nobska. Ship support for the deployment was provided by the R/V Gulf Challenger and Galen J. (UNH) and the FV Nobska (a 100 foot fishing vessel based at Woods Hole, MA). The work was favored by light wind and sea conditions. The endeavor resulted in the successful placement of the North Cage and its complex mooring system with load cells and environmental sensors. Unexpected and unexplained tangling of the mooring system, in particular near its grid corner points, was encountered and corrected.
    Description: Fudning was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminstration for the Open Ocean Aquaculture Project under Contract No. NA86RG0016 to the Univesity of New Hampshire and under Subcontracts 00-394 and 01-442 to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Mooring ; Fish cage
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 8889792 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 4
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    Aquaculture farms as nature-based coastal protection: Random wave attenuation by suspended and submerged canopies (2020)
    Elsevier
    In:  Coastal Engineering, 160 . p. 103737.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: As the frequency and intensity of storms increase, a growing need exists for resilient shore protection techniques that have both environmental and economic benefits. In addition to producing seafood, aquaculture farms may also provide coastal protection benefits either alone or with other nature-based structures. In this paper, a generalized three-layer frequency dependent theoretical model is derived for random wave attenuation due to presence of biomass within the water column. The biomass can be characterized as submerged, emerged, suspended and floating canopies that can consist of natural aquatic vegetation with potential aquaculture systems of kelp or mussels. The present analytical solutions can reduce to the solutions by Mendez and Losada (2004), Chen and Zhao (2012) and Jacobsen et al. (2019) for submerged rigid aquatic vegetation. The present theoretical model incorporates the motion of these canopies using a cantilever-beam model for slender components and a buoy-on-rope model for elements with concentrated mass and buoyancy. Analytical results are compared with existing laboratory and field datasets for submerged and suspended canopies. The theoretical model was then used (in a case study at a field site in Northeastern US) to investigate the capacity of suspended mussel farms with submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) to dissipate wave energy during a recent storm event. Compared to a dense SAV meadow in shallower water, the suspended aquaculture farms more effectively attenuate random waves with a smaller peak period and the higher frequency components of wave spectrum. The performance of suspended aquaculture farms is less affected by water level changes due to tides, surge and sea level rise, while the wave attenuation performance of SAV decreases with increasing water level due to decreased wave motion near the sea bed. Incorporating suspended aquaculture farms offshore significantly enhance the coastal protection effectiveness of SAV-based living shorelines and extend the wave attenuation capacity over a wider wave period and water level range. The combination of suspended aquaculture farms and traditional living shorelines provides a more effective nature-based coastal defense strategy than the traditional living shorelines alone.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103737
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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