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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    9-Acridinyl and 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-acridinyl derivatives of aliphatic di-, tri-, and tetraamines. Chemistry, cytostatic activity, and schistosomicidal activity (1983)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 26 (1983), S. 1510-1514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00364a028
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the interspecific competition between Helisoma duryi (wetherby) and Biomphalaria camerunensis (boettger). Size-weight relationships and laboratory competition experiments (1979)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 66 (1979), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Biomphalaria ; Helisoma ; schistosomiasis ; biological control ; competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Biological control of the intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis by means of the introduction of a competitor snail Helisoma duryi has been suggested. In the present laboratory studies the allometric size-weight relationships of H. duryi and Biomphalaria camerunensis were investigated in order to get a tool for estimating the biomass and dry-weight of snails. Competition experiments were conducted and the results showed a marked inhibition of growth and reproduction of B. camerunensis. No conclusions about the competitive interactions were drawn from the present results but experiments are established to elucidate these mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019134
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the infectivity of Fasciola hepatica miracidia to Lymnaea truncatula. Attachment and penetration of miracidia into non-infected and infected snails (1976)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 50 (1976), S. 67-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fasciola hepatica miracidia labelled in vivo with radioselenium have been used in studies on the capacity of the miracidia to attach to and penetrate the tegument of infected compared with non-infected host snails (Lymnaea truncatula). The results show that the penetration of the larvae into the snail tissue is not influenced by an already existing infection, regardless of its developmental stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389933
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further studies on the compatibility betweenS. intercalatum from Cameroun and Zaïre and species ofBulinus (1979)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 58 (1979), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The results from the infection experiments withSchistosoma intercalatum from Cameroun and from Zaïre and the intermediate hosts, belonging toB. forskalii andB. globosus, could be divided into groups according to the degree of compatibility with the schistosomes. This was indicated by the total cercariae production per 100 exposed snails (TCP/100 exp. snails). B. forskalii from Kinshasa, Zaïre were the snails which were most compatible withS. intercalatum from Cameroun, andB. globosus populations tested were refractory. The TCP/100 exposed snails was about 300,000 for the populations ofB. forskalii from Kinshasa compared with the low production forB. forskalii from Cameroun of 125,000B. wrighti from South Arabia produced 155,000 cercariae per 100 exposed snails. B. cernicus from Mauritius could be separated into two types according to the compatibility withS. intercalatum from Cameroun, the TCP/100 exposed snails was 31,000 and 267,000, respectively. B. globosus from Kinshasa, Zaïre, was very compatible withS. intercalatum from Zaïre and the TCP/100 exposed snails was very high, about 300,000. An albino strain ofB. globosus from Rhodesia was the most compatible snail having a TCP/100 exposed snails of 2.4 million cercariae. Other strains ofB. globosus from Cameroun and Togo were refractory and less susceptible. It was also possible to infectB. africanus and the two tested populations from Kenya and Tanzania, producing 15,000 and 179,000 cercariae per 100 exposed snails, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951340
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A technique for in vivo labelling of Fasciola hepatica Miracidia with Radioselenium (1976)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 49 (1976), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Radioactivity is incorporated in Fasciola hepatica and its eggs when 75Semethionine is administered intraperitoneally in chronically infected mice. Maximum egg-bound radioactivity is achieved 2–3 days after the administration of the labelled aminoacid. Seventy-three per cent of the radioactivity of the egg is recovered in the free-swimming miracidium. There appears to be no altered motility or infectivity to snails of miracidia made radioactive at a level corresponding to 6 pCi per larva. Suggestions are made for the application of labelled larvae in studies on various aspects of the parasite-snail contact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445019
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoscan observations of the miracidium and early sporocyst ofSchistosoma mansoni (1976)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 50 (1976), S. 335-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Whole miracidia ofSchistosoma mansoni, miracidia vibrated in an ultrasonic cleaner, and the miracidium-sporocyst transition were studied in the steroscan electron microscope. After vibrating, the cilia broke off near the bases and the epidermal cella, intercellular ridge and sensory structures were revealed. The apical papilla had a folded surface with penetrating sensory cilia. The number of epidermal cells varied between 17 and 22. The lateral papillae appeared as bulbous projections on either side between the first and second tiers of epidermal cells. There was a ciliated pit nerve ending close to each lateral papilla. A few ciliated pits were found between the cells in the first tier, and up to twelve ciliated pits with long cilia could be found between the second and third tiers. Miracidia placed in haemolymph fromPlanorbarius corneus cast off the apical ciliated part of the epithelial cells, and large scars appeared where the ciliated plates had been. Later, the syncytial intercellular ridge dispersed throughout the surface of the mother sporocyst, and small cytoplasmic knobs appeared on the surface. The apical papilla and the lateral papillae were still observed a few hours after shedding the ciliated plates, but the ciliated pits disappeared shortly after the ciliated plates were lost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462978
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ascaridia galli populations in chickens following single infections with different dose levels (1997)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 83 (1997), S. 614-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In all, 3 groups of 20 Lohman Brown chickens aged 1 day were orally infected with doses of 100, 500, or 2,500 embryonated Ascaridia galli eggs, respectively. After 8 weeks, egg counts (eggs per gram of feces, EPG) were determined for all animals prior to slaughter. The gastrointestinal tracts were examined for the presence of adult and immature stages of A. galli. All groups had roughly similar worm burdens and, hence, significantly different establishment rates of 14.2%, 2.9%, and 0.5%, respectively. A significantly lower mean female worm burden was seen in the high-dose group (P = 0.02), which also showed a significantly lower level of egg excretion (P = 0.01). However, fecundity (EPG per female) did not significantly differ between the groups (P = 0.55). The mean lengths of adult worms as well as the weight of the mean worm burdens were significantly smaller in the high-dose group. This study demonstrated that single infections with varying doses of A. galli eggs influenced the establishment rate, sex ratio, egg excretion, and worm size and weight but not the worm fecundity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050306
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of some environmental conditions and final-host- and parasite-related factors on the penetration ofSchistosoma mansoni cercariae into mice (1979)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 59 (1979), S. 267-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The capacity ofSchistosoma mansoni cercariae to penetrate mouse tail skin was studied under selected environmental exposure conditions and in relation to some parasite-and final-host-related factors. Mice were exposed to non-labelled or75Se-methionine labelled cercariae using the tail immersion technique. The number of cercariae which penetrated of the amount of tail-bound radioactivity was used to express the host-penetrative capacity of the larvae under various experimental conditions. The minimum temperature for host-penetration was 7° C. The ability to penetrate increased significantly at 10° C and 12° C and the optimum number of cercariae which penetrated was in the range between 14° C and 36° C. At temperatures above 36° C the number of cercariae which penetrated was reduced dramatically. The skin-penetration capacity was unaltered up to a salinity level of 2.4‰ while at salinity levels above 2.4‰ the ability to penetrate gradually decreased. The host-finding capacity was reduced in distilled water and in water with high levels of turbidity. A comparison of cercarial exposure in six types of water revealed comparable skin-penetration capacity. Final-host-related factors such as strain of mice, weight, sex, exposure under anaesthesia, and fixation of the tail, in general did not influence cercarial penetration. Previous heterologous infections with the nematodeSyphacia sp. or the trematodeEchinostoma revolutum had no influence on penetration. The penetration capacity of cercariae into tails of dead mice was reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00927521
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discussion of the relationships betweenSchistosoma and their intermediate hosts, assessment of the degree of host-parasite compatibility and evaluation of schistosome taxonomy (1979)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 58 (1979), S. 275-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Studies of the spectrum of the intermediate hosts of schistosomes and the relationships between parasites and intermediate host snails have been carried out with each researcher using different methods. A comparison between compatibility studies has therefore been impossible. The following three basic problems in these kind of studies are discussed in this paper: (1) the standardization of experimental materials such as schistosomes, intermediate and final hosts, (2) the methods involved in the experiments, and (3) the sort of data which must be collected. Standardized methods and materials are described in this paper. The relationships between the genusSchistosoma and the intermediate host snails belonging to the two generaBiomphalaria andBulinus, and the mechanisms behind the process resulting in various degrees of compatibility between the two involved organisms are reviewed and discussed. Why certain combinations of schistosomes and snails result in the production of cercariae and others do not is still unknown, but there is now some indication of a camouflage behaviour during the intramolluscan stages, e.g., the larvae in the snails cover themselves with snail material and are not recognized as foreign objects. The same mechanism has already been found in the schistosomules in the final host. Much of the confusion in the discussion of the relationships between schistosomes and intermediate hosts is the result of a lack of an objective way to describe and assess the compatibility between the two. Based on a series of experiments withS. haematobium, S. intercalatum, S. bovis, S. mansoni, and several species of possible intermediate hosts, the following index for estimating the degree of compatibility is proposed: the total cercarial production from 100 exposed snails (TCP/100 exposed snails). Seven classes have been suggested: the first one (Class 0) with a TCP/100 exposed snails of zero, is called ‘refractory’; the next one (Class I) called ‘not very compatible’ has a TCP/100 exposed snails between 1 and 10,000; the last group (Class IV) called ‘extremely compatible’ produced more than 500,001 per 100 exposed snails during the entire lifespan. The ability to use a spectrum of intermediate hosts and the compatibility in the taxonomy of schistosomes is discussed. The results for the different species of schistosomes indicated that each species consists of strains with ‘hybrid populations’ in between.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00933934
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