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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of Purkinje fibres and ordinary myocytes in the bovine fetal heart (1981)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 162 (1981), S. 127-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Heart conduction system ; Differentiation ; Filament ; M-band
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A comparative ultrastructural study of bovine Purkinje fibres and ordinary myocytes during fetal development has been undertaken. Differences between the two cell types with respect to the intercalated disc, amount of myofibrils, arrangement of mitochondria, amount of glycogen and formation of T-tubules became apparent gradually. In all stages studied an abundance of intermediate filaments was typical for the Purkinje fibres. Myofibrillar M-bands developed at an earlier stage in Purkinje fibres than in ordinary myocytes. Myofilament-polyribosome complexes typical of adult cow Purkinje fibres were not observed in the fetal hearts. Only in late fetal stages were leptofibrils observed in both cell types. We conclude that in the bovine heart Purkinje fibres develop along a different pathway from ordinary myocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306485
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide in nerve fibres and conduction cells in the conduction system of the bovine heart (1993)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 188 (1993), S. 331-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Heart ; Impulse conduction system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous findings of atrial (A-type) natriuretic peptide (ANP) in nervous tissue, such as the brain and the superior cervical ganglia, led us to investigate the possible occurrence of ANP in nervous tissue in the heart. The distribution of ANP in the bovine heart, particularly its conduction system, was examined by the use of immunohistochemical methods and an antiserum against α-hANP. ANP immunoreactivity was frequently detected in atrial myocytes and in the Purkinje fibres of the AV-bundle, and was sometimes seen in the Purkinje fibres of the bundle branches and their ramifications. On the other hand, ANP immunoreactivity was never seen in the conduction cells of SA- and AV-nodes. ANP immunoreactivity was also detected in small nerve-fibre varicosities, mainly in the AV-node and AV-bundle. Most of these varicosities were located in the proximity of the conduction cells, but some occurred close to fine blood vessels or in the walls of arterioles. These observations show for the first time that ANP immunoreactivity is present not only in atrial myocytes and conduction cells but also in nerve-fibre varicosities in the conduction system. The observations suggest that ANP may act as a neuromodulator and/or neurotransmitter in the conduction system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185942
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of the Purkinje fibre system in the bovine fetal heart (1980)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 159 (1980), S. 125-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Heart conducting system ; Purkinje fibres ; Development ; Immunohistochemistry ; Enzyme histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the bovine fetal heart, subendocardial bundles of cells could be distinguished from the main myocardial mass. Their morphological characteristics suggest that they represent bundles of Purkinje fibres. An intense fluorescence after incubation in antisera against the intermediate filament protein skeletin also supports this suggestion. Further, the bundles exhibited different histochemical reactions from the main myocardial mass. During development the histochemical pattern changed. Bundle cells in mitosis were observed. With increasing fetal age, binucleate cells were seen progressively more frequently. Our observations indicate that the Purkinje fibres differentiate along a line separate from the ordinary myocardial cells and that they acquire their adult characteristics gradually.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304973
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of terminal sympathetic nerve fibers in bundle branchès and false tendons of the bovine heart (1988)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 177 (1988), S. 437-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Catecholamine histofluorescence ; Sympathetic innervation ; Conduction system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sympathetic innervation in false tendons as a whole and the distribution of the terminal sympathetic nerve fibers in the conduction tissue in the bundle branches is unclear. Therefore, in the present study, false tendons and bundle branch regions of the bovine heart were examined using tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry and the glyoxylic acid induced catecholamine (CA) fluorescence method for demonstration of sympathetic nerve fibers. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry was also applied. Some of the nerve fascicles in the false tendons were found to contain large numers of sympathetic nerve fibers and such nerve fibers formed plexuses in the walls of arteries and arterioles in these structures. In both false tendons and bundle branches sympathetic nerve fibers 1) were non-homogeneously distributed in the conduction tissue, most regularly occurring in the channels of extracellular space that are present within the bundles of Purkinje fibres. and 2) showed the same pattern of distribution in relation to Purkinje fibre bundle surfaces as the AChE-positive nerve branches. The observations show that there is a substantial sympathetic innervation in false tendons. The final distribution of the nerve fibers in these structures and in the bundle branches are discussed in relation to what is known of tissue morphology and the occurrence of sympathetic nerve influences in these regions. In the present study, previous CA-fluorescence observations of a “marked” sympathetic innervation in bundle branch regions, in terms of the presence of sympathetic nerve fibers in nerve fascicles and vessel walls, were also corroborated by the application of TH-immunohistochemistry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304741
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colonic enteric nervous system in patients with familial amyloidotic neuropathy (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 48-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy ; Protein gene product 9.5 ; Vasoactive intestinal ; polypeptide ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Substance P ; Amyloid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The colonic enteric nervous system was investigated in autopsy specimens from 12 patients with familial amyloidotic neuropathy (FAP) and 9 controls. The infiltration of amyloid deposits in the enteric nervous system was studied by double staining for amyloid and nerve elements. The myenteric plexus was immunostained for protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The immunostained nerve elements were quantified by computerised image analysis. Double staining revealed that there was no amyloid infiltration in the ganglia, or in the nerve fibres in the colonic enteric nervous system of FAP patients. The relative volume density of PGP 9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibres in both the circular and the longitudinal muscle layers in FAP patients did not differ significantly from that of controls. The relative volume density of VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibres in the circular muscle layer was significantly decreased in FAP patients compared with controls, but not in the longitudinal layer. The number of VIP-immunoreactive neurons/mm2 myenteric ganglia was significantly decreased in FAP patients. There were no statistical differences in the relative volume density for substance P- and NOS-immunoreactive nerve fibres between FAP patients and controls, nor was there any difference between FAP patients and controls regarding the number of NOS- and substance P-immunoreactive neurons/mm2 myenteric ganglia. It is concluded that the colonic enteric nervous system as a whole is intact and is not damaged by amyloid infiltration. The present observation of a reduction of VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibres and neurons in myenteric plexus of FAP patients might be one of the factors that contribute to the motility disorders seen in FAP patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051050
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of nerve fibers showing substance P-like immunoreactivity in the conduction system of the bovine heart: dense innervation in the atrioventricular bundle (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1989), S. 485-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Substance P ; Heart innervation ; Conduction system ; AV bundle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary There is limited information on the distribution of nerve fibers containing substance P (SP) in the heart conduction system. Therefore, in the present study, the various parts of the conduction system of the bovine heart were examined by the use of an SP-antiserum and immunohistochemistry. Nerve fibers showing SP-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) occurred in the proximities of conduction cells in all parts of the conduction system, but were present in greatly larger numbers in the AV bundle than in the other parts. The nerve fibers showed a predilection for certain regions of the bundles of conduction cells (Purkinje fiber bundles) in the AV bundle and the bundle branches and their ramifications. Nerve fibers showing SP-LI also occurred in the walls of the arteries and in association with some the ganglionic cells located in the regions of the conduction system. None of the ganglionic cells exhibited SP-LI. The observations are discussed in relation to what is known of the function of SP in the heart and of the distribution of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers in the conduction system. As SP is regarded as a marker of afferent fibers the observations support the view that afferent nerve fibers are present throughout the conduction system. It is likely that the existence of a significant SP-innervation in the conduction system is of importance for the function of this part of the heart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319591
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcitonin gene-related peptide expression at endplates of different fibre types in muscles in rat hind limbs (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 439-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle, skeletal ; Fibre types ; Motor endplates ; Neuropeptide immunocytochemistry ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Innervation ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) occurs only in some motoneurons. In this study, the presence of CGRP in motor endplates in relation to muscle fibre types was examined in slow (soleus muscle) and fast [tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL)] leg muscles of the rat. CGRP was detected by use of immunohistochemical methods, and staining for the mitochondrial-bound enzyme NADH-TR was used for demonstration of fibre types. The fibres showing low NADH-TR activity were interpreted as representing IIB fibres. All such fibres located in the superficial portion of TA were innervated by endplates displaying CGRP-like immunoreactivity (LI), whereas in the deep portion of TA some of these fibres lacked CGRP-LI at their endplates. Thirty per cent of the IIB fibres in EDL showed CGRP-LI at the endplates. All fibres in TA and EDL displaying high NADH-TR activity and interpreted as type-IIA fibres, lacked CGRP-LI in their motor innervation. One third of the fibres with intermediate NADH-TR activity in TA exhibited CGRP-LI at their endplates, whereas in EDL only few such fibres displayed CGRP-LI in the endplate formation. These fibres are likely to belong to type-IIX or type-I motor units. CGRP-LI was very rarely detected at the endplates in the soleus muscle. These observations show that distinct differences exist between the slow muscle, soleus, and the fast muscles, TA and EDL, but that there are also differences between the different types of fibres in TA and EDL with respect to presence of CGRP-LI at the endplates. As CGRP-LI was frequently detected at endplates of IIB fibres, it is likely that CGRP has a particular role related to the differentiation and maintenance of these fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314540
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Irradiation influences the expression of substance P and enkephalin in the rat larynx (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1994), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Larynx ; Irradiation ; Innervation ; Neuropeptides ; Plasticity ; Substance P ; Enkephalin ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The effects of radiotherapy on neuropeptide expression in the rat larynx were studied. Irradiation was given for five days, 6 or 8 Gray daily. Ten days after the end of irradiation, the larynx, the laryngeal nerves and different ganglia related to the larynx were dissected out from irradiated and control animals and processed for neuropeptide immunohistochemistry. There was an increased immunolabelling for two of the neuropeptides tested, substance P and enkephalin, in the innervation of the subglottic glands and in the acetylcho-linesterase-positive ganglionic cells of the local ganglia. These cells were interpreted as representing postganglionic parasympathetic ganglionic cells. The changes seen in the subglottic glands were interpreted as most likely being related to the changing pattern of staining seen in the local ganglia. No changes in substance P- and enkephalin expression were observed in other laryngeal structures, the nodose ganglia, superior cervical ganglia or laryngeal nerve paraganglia. Thus, in certain respects neuropeptide expression in the larynx is modulated by radiotherapy. Since neuropeptides have both neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator effects in airway tissue and since they show effects as growth factors, the occurrence of this plasticity in neuropeptide expression should be taken into consideration in future studies examining the effects of irradiation on normal/diseased airway tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050261
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial increase and subsequent loss of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactivity in acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons of mouse islets transplanted to the kidney (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 284 (1996), S. 391-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Acetylcholinesterase ; Islets of Langerhans ; Neuro-insular complex ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ; Transplanted pancreatic islets ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Collagenase-isolated pancreatic islets from C57BL/6J mice were cultured overnight and transplanted under the kidney capsule of non-diabetic syngeneic hosts. Cryostat sections of grafts and fresh islets were stained for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity (VIP-LI). Immediately after isolation, as well as 2–5 days after transplantation, VIP-LI- and AChE-positive nerve cell bodies were clearly seen in the periphery of the islets. Grafts 3–5 days old exhibited a transient and marked increase in VIP-LI nerve cell bodies and fibers. Seven days after transplantation VIP-LI nerve structures began to decrease in number and after 26–52 weeks they were no longer detectable. In contrast, AChE-positive nerve cell bodies and fibers, which showed a relatively constant pattern of distribution, were observed throughout the entire observation period. Restaining experiments demonstrated the coexistence of VIP-LI and AChE activity in the neurons. It is concluded that the grafts were extensively equipped with an intrinsic VIP-ergic and AChE-positive innervation. The initial, transient enhancement of VIP-LI expression probably reflects an adaptation of the neuro-insular complex to the preganglionic denervation, or to the ectopic environment, or both.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050600
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Irradiation influences the expression of substance P and enkephalin in the rat larynx (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Larynx ; Irradiation ; Innervation ; Neuropeptides ; Plasticity ; Substance P ; Enkephalin ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of radiotherapy on neuropeptide expression in the rat larynx were studied. Irradiation was given for five days, 6 or 8 Gray daily. Ten days after the end of irradiation, the larynx, the laryngeal nerves and different ganglia related to the larynx were dissected out from irradiated and control animals and processed for neuropeptide immunohistochemistry. There was an increased immunolabelling for two of the neuropeptides tested, substance P and enkephalin, in the innervation of the subglottic glands and in the acetylcholinesterase-positive ganglionic cells of the local ganglia. These cells were interpreted as representing postganglionic parasympathetic ganglionic cells. The changes seen in the subglottic glands were interpreted as most likely being related to the changing pattern of staining seen in the local ganglia. No changes in substance P-and enkephalin expression were observed in other laryngeal structures, the nodose ganglia, superior cervical ganglia or laryngeal nerve paraganglia. Thus, in certain respects neuropeptide expression in the larynx is modulated by radiotherapy. Since neuropeptides have both neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator effects in airway tissue and since they show effects as growth factors, the occurrence of this plasticity in neuropeptide expression should be taken into consideration in future studies examining the effects of irradiation on normal/diseased airway tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300691
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