Note: Intro -- Contents -- Chapter 1: It's a Bat! -- Chapter 2: Ancient Bats -- Chapter 3: Taking Off -- Chapter 4: How Bats See with Sound -- Chapter 5: What Bats Eat -- Chapter 6: Where Bats Hang Out -- Chapter 7: Life Histories of Bats -- Chapter 8: Behavior of Bats -- Chapter 9: Bats and Disease -- Chapter 10: Bats and People -- Chapter 11: Conservation of Bats -- Chapter 12: What's Next in Bats? -- Annotated Bibliography -- Acknowledgements -- Index of Bat Names -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Dedication -- Series Preface -- Preface 1992 -- Volume Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: A History of the Study of Echolocation -- 1.1 Spallanzani to Griffin -- 1.2 Early Lab and Field Experiments -- 1.2.1 Experiments in the Griffin Lab (1956-1965) -- 1.2.2 Other Advances in the Mid-1960s -- 1.2.3 Uli Schnitzler and Doppler Shift Compensation -- 1.2.4 Enter Jim Simmons -- 1.2.5 1957-1980: Studies on Adaptations of the Auditory Nervous System for Echolocation -- 1.3 Taking Up the Tradition of Studying Bats in the Field -- 1.4 The Echolocation Calls of Bats -- 1.5 Overview of This Volume -- References -- Chapter 2: Phylogeny, Genes, and Hearing: Implications for the Evolution of Echolocation in Bats -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 The Molecular Phylogenetic Position of Chiroptera Within Eutheria -- 2.1.2 Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships Within Chiroptera -- 2.1.3 Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera -- 2.2 Auditory Specializations for Echolocation -- 2.2.1 The Molecular Basis of Hearing -- 2.2.2 Studying the Molecular Basis of Hearing and Echolocation in Bats -- 2.2.2.1 Candidate Gene Approaches -- 2.2.2.2 Genomics Approaches -- 2.2.2.3 Future Approaches -- 2.3 Are Sensory Trade-Offs Associated with the Evolution of Echolocation? -- 2.3.1 Olfaction -- 2.3.2 Taste -- 2.3.3 Vision -- 2.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Ultrasound Production, Emission, and Reception -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Sound Production by the Bat Larynx -- 3.2.1 Morphology of the Bat Larynx -- 3.2.2 Sound Production Mechanisms -- 3.2.3 Non-Linear Phenomena in Sound Production: Echolocation Versus Communication Calls ("Yodeling") -- 3.3 Neural Control of Sound Production in Bats -- 3.3.1 Neural Control of the Bat Larynx -- 3.3.2 Brain Stem Circuits and Mechanisms -- 3.3.3 Higher Order Brain Structures Involved in Vocal Control. , 3.3.3.1 Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) -- 3.3.3.2 Basal Ganglia -- 3.4 Sensory Feedback for the Control of Echolocation Calls -- 3.4.1 Auditory Feedback -- 3.4.1.1 Vocal-Respiratory Coupling and Somatosensory Feedback -- 3.4.1.2 Vocalization and Flying -- 3.5 Static and Dynamic Diversity in Sound-Diffracting Structures -- 3.5.1 Static Complexity -- 3.5.2 Dynamic Complexity -- 3.6 Evidence for a Functional Role for Dynamic Complexity -- 3.6.1 Dedicated Specializations -- 3.6.2 Prevalence Within the Biosonar System -- 3.6.3 Prevalence Across Species -- 3.7 Lingual Echolocation in Rousettus -- References -- Chapter 4: To Scream or to Listen? Prey Detection and Discrimination in Animal-Eating Bats -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Evolution of Echolocation -- 4.3 Aerial Hawking -- 4.3.1 Echolocating Bats and Insects with Bat-Detecting Ears -- 4.3.2 Case Study: Vespertilionid Bats and Sound-Producing Tiger Moths -- 4.4 Substrate Gleaning -- 4.4.1 Gleaning Bats Use Prey-Generated Cues -- 4.4.2 Gleaning Bats That Eavesdrop on Signaling Prey -- 4.4.3 Case Study: The Fringe-Lipped Bat -- 4.4.4 Auditory and Behavioral Adaptations to Eavesdropping -- 4.4.5 Sensory Niche Partitioning in Gleaning Bats -- 4.4.6 Challenges in Relying on the Use of Prey-Emitted Acoustic Cues -- 4.4.7 Case Study: The Common Big-Eared Bat Defies Categories -- 4.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5: Roles of Acoustic Social Communication in the Lives of Bats -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Social Calls -- 5.2.1 Mate Attraction -- 5.2.2 Antagonistic Interactions -- 5.2.3 Locating Conspecifics -- 5.2.3.1 Mother-Pup Recognition -- 5.2.3.2 Group Formation and Cohesion -- 5.2.4 Distress -- 5.3 The Communicative Role of Echolocation -- 5.3.1 Activity Information -- 5.3.2 Personal Information -- 5.3.3 Interspecific Differences in Echolocation: Evidence for Acoustic Communication?. , 5.4 Future Directions -- 5.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6: Guild Structure and Niche Differentiation in Echolocating Bats -- 6.1 Diversity in Bats -- 6.2 Sensory and Motor Tasks of Foraging Bats -- 6.2.1 Spatial Orientation -- 6.2.2 Biotope Recognition -- 6.2.3 Food Finding -- 6.3 The Masking Problem -- 6.4 Habitat Types and Foraging Modes -- 6.4.1 Definitions -- 6.4.2 Borders Between Habitats -- 6.5 Bat Guilds -- 6.5.1 Definition of Guilds -- 6.5.1.1 Open Space Aerial Foragers -- 6.5.1.2 Edge Space Aerial Foragers -- 6.5.1.3 Edge Space Trawling Foragers -- 6.5.1.4 Narrow Space Flutter-Detecting Foragers -- 6.5.1.5 Narrow Space Active-Gleaning Foragers -- 6.5.1.6 Narrow Space Passive-Gleaning Foragers -- 6.5.1.7 Narrow Space Passive-/Active-Gleaning Foragers -- 6.5.2 Approach Behavior -- 6.5.3 Assigning Bat Species to Guilds -- 6.6 Niche Differentiation -- 6.6.1 Niche Dimensions and Niche Spaces -- 6.6.2 Niche Space of Aerial-Hawking and Trawling Bats -- 6.6.3 Niche Space of Flutter-Detecting Bats -- 6.6.4 Niche Space of Gleaning Bats -- 6.6.4.1 Animalivorous Gleaning Bats -- 6.6.4.2 Phytophagous Gleaning Bats -- 6.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Neural Coding of Signal Duration and Complex Acoustic Objects -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Neural Coding of Signal Duration in the Central Auditory System -- 7.2.1 Signal Duration Is Important for Echolocation -- 7.3 Duration-Tuned Neurons in Bats -- 7.3.1 Types of Duration-Tuned Neurons -- 7.3.2 Duration-Tuned Neuron Response Properties -- 7.4 Conceptual and Computational Mechanisms of Duration Tuning -- 7.4.1 Coincidence Detection Mechanism -- 7.4.2 Anti-Coincidence Mechanism -- 7.4.3 Multiple Mechanisms of Duration Tuning -- 7.5 Duration Tuning and Echolocation -- 7.6 Neural Coding of Complex Acoustic Features in the Bat Auditory System -- 7.6.1 Perception of Complex Auditory Objects. , 7.6.2 Passive Hearing and Communication Sounds -- 7.7 Neural Coding of Complex Echo-Acoustic Objects -- 7.7.1 Neural Coding of Object Spatial Extent -- 7.7.2 Object Normalization -- 7.7.3 Neural Coding of Stochastic Echoes -- 7.8 Neural Coding of Species-Specific Vocalizations -- 7.8.1 Non-Primary Auditory Cortex -- 7.8.2 Primary Auditory Cortex -- 7.8.3 Hemispheric Asymmetries and Sex-Specific Differences -- 7.8.4 Coding of Emotional Content of Communication Calls in the Amygdala -- 7.9 Summary -- References -- Chapter 8: The Neural Processing of Frequency Modulations in the Auditory System of Bats -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Some General Comments on Echolocation -- 8.1.2 Themes of the Chapter -- 8.2 The Vocal Repertoire of Bats -- 8.3 Responses in the Colliculus Are Selective -- 8.4 Spectrotemporal Receptive Fields Reveal the Importance of Sideband Inhibition -- 8.4.1 Spectrotemporal Receptive Fields Explain FM Directional and Velocity Selectivities -- 8.4.2 Predictive Spectrotemporal Receptive Fields Found in Minority of IC Neurons -- 8.4.3 Most Neurons Had More Than One Spectrotemporal Filter -- 8.5 The Importance of Frequency Modulations for Call Selectivity -- 8.6 Directional Preferences for FMs Measured with In-Vivo Whole Cell Recordings -- 8.7 The Role of Spike Timing for Creating Directional Selectivity -- 8.7.1 FM Directional Selectivity Formed by Timing Disparities of Excitation and Inhibition Does Not Apply to All IC Cells -- 8.7.2 The Timing of Excitation and Inhibition Explored with Whole Cell Recordings -- 8.8 Combination Sensitivity -- 8.8.1 Combination Sensitive Neurons Are Created in the IC -- 8.8.2 Combination Sensitivity also Imparts Selectivity for Communication Calls in the IC -- 8.8.3 Combination Sensitivity also Occurs in the Auditory Systems of Other Animals -- 8.9 Summary and Concluding Thoughts -- References. , Chapter 9: Behavioral and Physiological Bases for Doppler Shift Compensation by Echolocating Bats -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 General Principles of Doppler Shift Compensation -- 9.2.1 Doppler Effect -- 9.2.2 Ecology of Doppler Shift Compensation -- 9.2.2.1 High Duty Cycle Echolocation in Bats -- 9.2.2.2 Discovery of Doppler Shift Compensation -- 9.2.2.3 Discovery of the Auditory Fovea -- 9.2.2.4 Impact of Doppler Shift Compensation on High Duty Cycle Echolocation -- 9.3 Adaptations for Doppler Shift Compensation in the Auditory Receiver -- 9.3.1 Auditory Fovea in the Cochlea of High Duty Cycle Echolocating Bats -- 9.3.2 Auditory Fovea in the Higher Auditory Nuclei -- 9.3.3 The Processing of Flutter Information in the Auditory Pathway -- 9.4 Ethology of Doppler Shift Compensation -- 9.4.1 Acoustical Measurements of Doppler Shift Compensation Behaviors -- 9.4.2 Telemetry Recordings of Bats During Flight -- 9.4.3 Flutter Detection by Doppler Shift Compensation -- 9.4.4 Effect of Echo Intensity on Doppler Shift Compensation -- 9.4.5 Jamming Avoidance Behavior of High Duty Cycle Echolocating Bats -- 9.5 Evolution of Doppler Shift Compensation -- 9.5.1 Doppler Shift Compensation in the Bat Phylogenetic Tree -- 9.5.2 Doppler Shift Compensation: CF and HDC in Bat Echolocation -- 9.5.3 Ecological and Behavioral Factors in the Evolution of Doppler Shift Compensation -- 9.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 10: Perceiving the World Through Echolocation and Vision -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Essential Details About Echolocation Related to Spatial Perception -- 10.3 Spatial Perception in Vision and Echolocation -- 10.4 Inferences from Behavioral Data on 3-D Object Position in Vision and Echolocation -- 10.5 Stroboscopic Nature of Echolocation -- 10.6 Scene Analysis by Vision and Echolocation -- 10.7 Summary and Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 11: Perspectives and Challenges for Future Research in Bat Hearing.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Part I: What is an Urban Bat? Morphological, Physiological, Behavioural, and Genetic Adaptations -- Chapter 1: Stress Physiology, Foraging, and Ecophysiology of Bats in Urban Environments -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Stress Physiology -- 3 Extrinsic Factors that Affect the Stress Response in Bats -- 3.1 Stress and Light Pollution -- 3.2 Stress and Noise Pollution -- 4 Intrinsic Factors That Affect the Stress Response in Bats -- 4.1 Mobility -- 4.2 Sociality -- 4.3 Diet and Foraging Behaviour -- 5 Ecophysiology of Bats in Urban Environments -- 5.1 Roosts and Energetics -- 5.2 Water Balance -- 6 Conclusions -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 2: Genetic Impoverishment in the Anthropocene: A Tale from Bats -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Temporal Genomic Data Reveal Drastic Population Genetic Diversity Decline in a Tropical Fruit Bat -- 2.1 Decline in Genetic Diversity -- 2.2 Drastic Population Bottleneck Coinciding with Urbanisation -- 2.3 Common Species Are Not Immune to the Effects of Fragmentation -- 3 Conclusion -- 4 Acknowledgements -- 5 Data Availability -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 3: Are Molossid Bats Behaviourally Preadapted to Urban Environments? Insights from Foraging, Echolocation, Social, and Roosting Behaviour -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Foraging Behaviour -- 3 Echolocation Behaviour -- 4 Social Behaviour -- 5 Roosting Behaviour -- 6 Conclusions -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 4: Urban Bats and their Parasites -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ectoparasites -- 2.1 What Are the Parasitological Consequences of Altered Roosting Behaviours By Urban Bats? -- 2.2 Does Urbanisation Have Linked Fitness and Parasitological Implications for Bats? -- 2.3 Do Urban Abiotic Changes Modulate Bat-Ectoparasite Relationships? -- 2.4 Could Urban Changes in Ectoparasite Loads Alter the Risk of Disease? -- 3 Endoparasites. , 3.1 Protozoan Parasites and Host-Vector Contact Rates -- 3.2 Helminths Provide Insights into Host Foraging -- 4 Concluding Perspectives -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 5: Bat Societies across Habitat Types: Insights from a Commonly Occurring Fruit Bat Cynopterus sphinx -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Societies of the Short-Nosed Fruit Bat Cynopterus sphinx Across Urban and Rural Landscapes -- 3 Discussion -- 3.1 Potential Impact of Urbanisation on Cynopterus sphinx -- 3.2 Urban Areas as Ecological Traps -- Literature Cited -- Part II: How do Bats Inhabit Urban Environments? Uses of Artificial Roosts, Aerial Habitats, and Green Spaces -- Chapter 6: Bat Boxes as Roosting Habitat in Urban Centres: 'Thinking Outside the Box' -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Bat Roosting Behaviours in Light of Roost Availability -- 3 Providing a New Space to Roost: Bat Box Design -- 4 Bat Boxes Are Not a Universal Solution or 'Panacea' -- 4.1 Successfully Replacing an Eliminated Roost Post-eviction -- 4.2 How a Bat Box Might Become an 'Ecological Trap' -- 4.3 Supplementing Existing Habitat: Environmental Context, Bat Assemblages, and Box Design -- 4.4 How Hot Is Too Hot? -- 5 Thinking Outside the Box: Recommendations for the Installation and Use of Bat Boxes and Other Complementary Roost Structures -- 5.1 What to Recommend for the Installation and Proposed Use of Bat Boxes -- 5.2 Beyond the Box: Installing Other Artificial Roost Structures to Diversify Available Roost Space -- 6 Conclusion: Urban Planning for Bats -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 7: Aerial Habitats for Urban Bats -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Urban Modifications to Aerial Habitats -- 2.1 Roads and Vehicle Traffic -- 2.2 Urban Noise -- 2.3 Urban Light Pollution -- 2.4 Urban Heat Islands -- 2.5 Urban Canyons -- 2.6 Windows -- 3 Bat-Friendly Stewardship of Urban, Aerial Habitats -- Literature Cited. , Chapter 8: City Trees, Parks, and Ponds: Green and Blue Spaces as Life Supports to Urban Bats -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Use of Green Spaces by Urban Bats -- 2.1 Roosting Habitat -- 2.2 Foraging Habitat -- 2.3 Corridors for Commuting and Refuge from Disturbances -- 3 Blue Spaces in and around Urban Green Spaces -- 4 Spatial Considerations for Green and Blue Spaces in the Urban Landscape -- 5 The Study of Urban Green and Blue Spaces -- 6 Recommendations for Green and Blue Space Design and Management to Support Urban Bats -- 7 Future Research Directions -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 9: Assessing the Effects of Urbanisation on Bats in Recife Area, Atlantic Forest of Brazil -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Bat Species Richness and Activity in Green Spaces and Urban Areas in Recife -- 3 Impact of Artificial Illumination on Bat Activity -- 4 Molossid Activity and Behaviour in Urban vs. Non-urban Areas -- 5 Discussion and Conclusions -- Literature Cited -- Part III: How do Bats and Humans Interact in Urban Environments? Human Perceptions, Public Health, and Ecosystem Services of Bats -- Chapter 10: Human Dimensions of Bats in the City -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Brief Theoretical Framework -- 3 Disentangling Values, Attitudes, and Behaviours -- 4 Encounters Between Bats and Urbanites: A Change of Attitude? -- 5 New Challenges -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 11: Urban Bats, Public Health, and Human-Wildlife Conflict -- 1 Urban Bats and Zoonotic Diseases -- 2 Health Risks of Bat-Human Cohabitation: To Humans and to Bats -- 3 Nuisance Wildlife or Welcome Guest? -- 4 Reducing Risk of Zoonotic Spillovers from Urban Bats -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 12: Ecosystem Services by Bats in Urban Areas -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Insectivory -- 1.2 Pollination and Seed Dispersal -- 1.3 Bat Tourism -- 2 Conclusions -- Appendices -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- Literature Cited. , Chapter 13: The Big Picture and Future Directions for Urban Bat Conservation and Research -- 1 Urban Bats: Adaptation or Tolerance? -- 2 How Do Bats Compare to Other Mammals in Their Response to Urbanisation? -- 3 Impacts of Urban Environments on Hibernation and Migration -- 4 How Can We Support Urban Bats? -- 5 Future Directions for Research and Defining Urban Environments -- Literature Cited -- Index.

Note: A Miscellany of Bats -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface: Bats and Jens -- Nomenclature -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introducing bats -- Wings and size -- Blind as a bat -- Catching and identifying bats -- Marking and tagging -- Brock's initiation -- Jens' start -- Box: What on Earth? -- 2 Bat wings and flight -- Wing anatomy -- White wings -- How fast do bats fly? -- Drinking -- Flight antics -- Colour in bats -- 3. Seeing with sound -- The perils of generalization -- Basic echolocation -- Why echolocate? -- Echolocation and the faces of bats -- Box: Beam control and bite power -- 4. Echolocation: a window onto bat behaviour -- Biologists as eavesdroppers on bats -- Insect prey -- Bat communication -- Air traffic control -- Box: Echolocation and foraging -- 5. What bats eat, part 1 -- Learning how much a bat consumes -- Some bats eat birds -- Versatility -- What insects do bats eat? -- Specialized hunting -- Trawling -- Box: Diets of bats -- 6. What bats eat, part 2 -- Fruit-eating species -- Bats and flowers -- Box: The curious case of bananas -- 7. Vampire bats -- 8. Where bats occur and where they roost -- Temperature -- Bat roosts -- Box: Patterning in bats -- Lingering challenges -- Bats up north -- Box: Bat boxes -- 9. Social lives of bats -- Reproduction -- What is a colony of bats? -- Food availability and social patterns -- Box: Observational learning -- 10. How bats use space -- Box: Bats get around -- 11. Threats to bats -- Predators -- Mishaps -- Parasites -- Wind turbines 183 -- Light pollution -- A world without bats? -- Global change -- Box: Keeping bats away -- 12. Bats and people -- Attitudes towards bats -- Bats and disease -- Bats as symbols -- 13. Bats as beings -- A last word to the bats -- Cast of bats -- Notes -- Index -- Back Cover.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: History -- Chapter 1: NASBR Origins 1970-2020: From an Informal Gathering to a Scientific Society -- 1.1 The When, Who, and Where of NASBR -- 1.2 Technical Presentations -- 1.3 NASBR Organization and Management -- 1.3.1 Constitution and By-Law Adoption -- 1.3.2 NASBR Officers -- 1.3.3 Amendments to the Constitution and By-Laws -- 1.3.4 Program Directors -- 1.4 Business Meetings -- 1.5 NASBR Awards -- 1.5.1 Student Presentation Awards -- 1.5.2 Gerrit S. Miller Award -- 1.5.3 Lifetime Member Award -- 1.5.4 G. Roy Horst Award -- 1.5.5 Spallanzani Award -- 1.5.6 Bernardo Villa Award -- 1.5.7 Thomas H. Kunz Award -- 1.6 Teacher Workshop -- 1.7 Auction -- 1.8 Summary -- References -- Chapter 2: Contributions of Women and Creating a Culture of Inclusivity at the North American Society for Bat Research -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methods -- 2.2.1 Participation of Women over NASBR´s 50-Year History -- 2.2.2 Current Attitudes About Inclusivity and Supportiveness of the NASBR Society -- 2.3 Results -- 2.3.1 Participation of Women over NASBR´s 50-Year History -- 2.3.2 Recognition of Women in NASBR Awards -- 2.3.3 Current Attitudes on Inclusivity and Supportiveness of the NASBR Society -- 2.4 Discussion -- 2.4.1 Participation of Women over NASBR´s 50-Year History -- 2.4.2 Perspectives on the Early Years of NASBR -- 2.4.3 Current Efforts by NASBR to Support an Inclusive and Diverse Society -- 2.4.3.1 Women and Diversity in Science Breakfast -- 2.4.3.2 Code of Conduct and Establishment of Ombudspersons -- 2.4.3.3 Lunch with a Mentor -- 2.4.3.4 Pronoun Stickers -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Echolocation -- Chapter 3: The Evolution of Acoustic Methods for the Study of Bats -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Hardware Evolution -- 3.3 Acoustic Analysis and Automatization -- 3.4 Data Compilation and Access. , 3.5 Beyond Single Species Classification -- References -- Chapter 4: How Noise Affects Bats and What It Reveals About Their Biosonar Systems -- 4.1 Why Study How Noise Affects Bats? -- 4.2 Noise Jamming Experiments Reveal the Extraordinary Precision of Bat Sonar -- 4.3 Bats Are Remarkably Resilient to Noise in the Lab -- 4.4 Does Environmental Noise Influence Bat Behavior in Nature? -- 4.5 Do Echolocating Bats Interfere with Each Other? -- 4.6 Do Bats Perform a Jamming Avoidance Response? -- 4.7 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Part III: Ecology -- Chapter 5: All the Better to Eat You with: The Legacy of James S. Findley´s Phenetic Approach to Bat Biology -- 5.1 Findley´s ``Phenetic´´ Analysis of the Genus Myotis -- 5.2 Functional Morphology -- 5.3 Ecomorphology and the Structure of Bat Communities -- 5.4 Systematics of Myotis -- 5.5 The Origin and Evolution of Myotis Bats -- 5.6 Epilogue -- References -- Chapter 6: Bats in Temperate Forests: Where Are the Trends in Bat Populations? -- 6.1 Foundation Studies of Bat Populations -- 6.2 The Importance of Understanding Bat Population Dynamics in Forests -- 6.3 Landscape-Scale Monitoring of Population Indices -- 6.4 Local Studies of Population Dynamics -- 6.5 Frontiers for Temporal Studies of Bat Populations in Forests -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: The Importance of Water Availability to Bats: Climate Warming and Increasing Global Aridity -- 7.1 General Introduction -- 7.2 Global Arid Lands and Climate Change -- 7.3 How Water Availability Relates to Bats in Arid Environments -- 7.4 Proximity of Water to Maternity Roosts -- 7.5 Quantitative Modeling of Bats, Climate Change, and Water Availability -- 7.6 Can Bats Adapt to Increasing Regional Droughts? -- 7.7 The Sex-Ratio Paradox of Climate Change -- 7.8 Conclusions -- References -- Part IV: Feeding. , Chapter 8: Bats and the Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Resource Spatio-temporal Predictability (STP) -- References -- Chapter 9: Fur, Wings, and Flowers: Development and Progress on Nectarivorous Bat Research in the Last 50 Years -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Early Descriptions of Bat Pollination -- 9.3 Impact of NASBR on Nectarivorous Bat Research -- 9.4 Physiology of Nectar- and Pollen-Feeding -- 9.5 Behavior and Sensory Biology -- 9.6 Foraging and Movement Ecology -- 9.7 Nectarivorous Bat Conservation and Pollination Services to Crops -- 9.8 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 10: Penguins, Falcons, and Mountain Lions: The Extraordinary Host Diversity of Vampire Bats -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Evidence of Host Specialization Based on Morphology and Physiology -- 10.3 Precipitin Tests -- 10.4 Stable Isotope Analysis -- 10.5 DNA-Based Techniques -- 10.6 Observations in Captivity -- 10.7 Field Observations -- 10.8 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Part V: Flight -- Chapter 11: There and Back Again: Homing in Bats Revisited -- 11.1 Homing? What´s That? -- 11.2 Starting from Home -- 11.3 Limitations of Previous Homing Studies -- 11.4 Inter-seasonal Movements -- 11.5 Cues Used for Orientation and Navigation -- 11.6 Remembering the Way -- 11.7 Integration of Information During Seasonal Movements -- 11.8 Homing: The Next Generation -- 11.9 So What? Conservation Implications of Bat Movements -- References -- Chapter 12: Bats Flying at High Altitudes -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Williams, Williams, and Ireland, 1967-1973 -- 12.3 Diet and Insect Migrations -- 12.4 Bats Feeding at High Altitudes -- 12.5 Bats Feeding at High Altitudes on Migratory Insects -- 12.6 NEXRAD Doppler Radar -- 12.7 Echolocation and Behavior Aloft -- 12.8 Future Directions: Ecology, Orientation, Physiology, and Conservation. , References -- Part VI: Heterothermy -- Chapter 13: The Winter Worries of Bats: Past and Present Perspectives on Winter Habitat and Management of Cave Hibernating Bats -- 13.1 The Winter Worries of Cave-Hibernating Bats -- 13.2 Factors Driving Microclimate Selection in Winter -- 13.3 Management Challenges -- 13.4 Conclusion and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 14: Torpor and Tinbergen: Integrating Physiological and Behavioral Traits with Ontogeny, Phylogenetic History, Surviva... -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Tinbergen´s Four Questions Applied to Hibernation and Heterothermy in Bats -- 14.3 Conclusion -- References -- Part VII: Methods -- Chapter 15: A NASBR History of Radiotelemetry: How Technology Has Contributed to Advances in Bat Biology -- 15.1 A Framework for Considering the History of Radiotelemetry and Bats -- 15.2 Data Collection -- 15.3 A General (Semi-Subjective) Timeline of Radiotelemetry at NASBR -- 15.4 Looking Back and Looking Forward -- References -- Chapter 16: Introduction and Implementation of Harp Traps Signal a New Era in Bat Research -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Increasing Global Deployment of Harp Traps -- 16.2.1 Global Bibliometric Analysis of Harp Trap Deployment -- 16.2.2 Results of Bibliometric Analysis -- 16.3 Consequences of Harp Traps for Bat Research -- 16.3.1 Implications for Inventories and Assemblage Structure -- 16.3.2 Capture of Bats at Roost Entrances -- 16.3.3 New Species Descriptions -- 16.3.4 Consequences for Ecological Studies -- 16.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- 16.4.1 Reduced Stress to Captured Bats -- 16.4.2 Limitations of Harp Traps -- 16.4.3 Future Directions -- 16.4.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part VIII: Molecular Systematics -- Chapter 17: Molecular Biology in the Evolution of Bats: A Historical Perspective -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.1.1 Biochemical Methods -- 17.1.2 DNA-DNA Hybridization. , 17.1.3 Gene Sequencing -- 17.1.4 Genomics and Transcriptomics -- 17.1.4.1 Evolution of Flight -- 17.1.4.2 The Genomics of Echolocation -- 17.1.4.3 Understanding Bat Longevity -- 17.1.4.4 Adaptive Evolution of Bat Immunity -- 17.1.5 Future of Bat Genomics -- References -- Chapter 18: A Global Review of Phylogeographic Studies on Bats -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Current General State of Phylogeographic Studies on Bats -- 18.3 Taxonomic and Geographic Patterns -- 18.4 How and When Were Closely Related Bat Lineages Shaped by Evolution? -- 18.5 NASBR Impact -- 18.6 Future Directions -- Phylogeographic Bat Contributions Presented at NASBR Meetings Examined in This Review -- References -- Part IX: Parasitology -- Chapter 19: Bats as Reservoirs of Viral Zoonoses -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Important Virus Families -- 19.2.1 Rabies and Rabies Related Lyssaviruses -- 19.2.2 Paramyxoviruses -- 19.2.3 Coronaviruses -- 19.2.4 Filoviruses -- 19.2.5 Orthomyxoviruses -- 19.3 Bat Immunity -- 19.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 20: Bats as Hosts of Important Unicellular Endoparasites -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Advances in the Study of Bacteria and Protozoa Associated with Bats -- 20.2.1 Respiratory Infection and Bacterial Meningitis -- 20.2.2 Diarrheal Diseases -- 20.2.3 Tuberculosis (TB) -- 20.2.4 Leishmaniasis -- 20.2.5 Chagas Disease -- 20.3 Implications of Bats as Reservoirs of Unicellular Pathogens -- 20.4 Presentations at NASBR Meetings -- References -- Chapter 21: Bats, Bat Flies, and Fungi: Exploring Uncharted Waters -- 21.1 Parasites and Parasites of Parasites -- 21.2 The Vampire´s Vampire -- 21.2.1 Nycteribiidae -- 21.2.2 Streblidae -- 21.2.3 Host Specificity -- 21.3 Ectoparasitic Fungi on Arthropods -- 21.4 Bats, Bat Flies, and Laboulbeniales Fungi -- 21.4.1 Laboulbeniales on Bat Flies -- 21.4.1.1 Arthrorhynchus -- 21.4.1.2 Dimeromyces. , 21.4.1.3 Gloeandromyces.

Note: Cover -- CONTENTS -- WHY BATS? -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Introduction -- Flight -- Echolocation -- Seeing and Smelling -- Vision -- Olfaction -- Diet -- Animal Protein -- Insects -- Fish -- Other Vertebrates -- Blood -- Plant Products -- Fruit -- Nectar and Pollen -- Energy and Survival -- Summer -- Winter -- Roosts -- Day Roosts -- Night Roosts -- Hibernation Sites -- Activity -- Migration and Navigation -- Migration -- Navigation -- Reproduction -- Populations -- Predation and Mortality -- Parasites -- Behaviour -- Sex -- Mother-young Interactions -- Communication -- Swarming -- Public Health -- Rabies -- Histoplasmosis -- Keeping Bats Out -- Conservation -- APPENDIX: COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF BATS -- SOURCES OF MORE INFORMATION -- Some Specialist Readings -- Some Books for Children -- INDEX -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y.