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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Extrem Frühgeborene ; Visus ; Strabismus ; Amblyopie ; Retinopathie ; Key words Extremely low birth weight infants ; Strabismus ; Vision ; Amblyopia ; Retinopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Aim of the study: The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of ophthalmological abnormalities in 10 year old survivors with extremely low birthweight of 500–999 g. In addition the association between retinopathy of prematurity and other ophthalmological disorders was studied. Methods: The parents of all surviving newborns (N=117) with birthweight 500–999 g born in Switzerland between 1983 and 1985, were asked for eye problems in their children. When the history was positive, additional information was obtained from the ophthalmologist. Results: At the age of 10±1 years the very low birthweight infants had significantly more ophthalmological problems (37%) than found in the general population (10%). Whereas low vision ( 〈1.0) of at least one eye (35%), strabism (19%), amblyopia (11%) and astigmatism (7.5%) were significantly more frequent compared with the normal population, myopia (12%) was not. Retinopathy was not significantly associated with other ophthalmological disorders. Conclusions: We conclude that all extremely low birth weight infants irrespectively of retinopathy have a significantly increased risk for ophthalmological disorders. Therefore they should have regular ophthalmological reevaluations until school age.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Wie häufig sind ophthalmologische Störungen bei ehemals sehr kleinen Frühgeborenen im Alter von 10 Jahren? Bestehen Assoziationen zu einer durchgemachten Frühgeborenenretinopathie? Methode: Die Eltern aller überlebenden Frühgeborenen (n=117), die in den Jahren von 1983–1985 in der Schweiz mit einem Geburtsgewicht zwischen 500–999 g geboren worden waren, wurden nach Augenproblemen ihrer Kinder befragt. Bei positiver Anamnese wurden zusätzliche Informationen vom Ophthalmologen eingeholt. Ergebnisse: Die Frühgeborenen zeigten im Alter von 10±1 Jahren hochsignifikant mehr ophthalmologische Störungen (37%) als die Durchschnittsbevölkerung (10%). Signifikant häufiger waren Visusminderung (35%), Strabismus (19%), Amblyopie (11%) und Astigmatismus (18%). Die Myopierate (12%) war nicht wesentlich erhöht. Nach einer durchgemachten Retinopathie waren die Werte noch höher, die Unterschiede zu ehemaligen Frühgeborenen ohne Retinopathie waren jedoch nicht signifikant. Schlußfolgerung: Sehr kleine Frühgeborene weisen ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko für ophthalmologische Störungen auf und nicht nur, wenn in der Neonatalperiode eine Retinopathie nachgewiesen wurde. Sie sollten deshalb alle mindestens bis ins Schulalter regelmäßig ophthalmologisch kontrolliert werden.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain ; ultrasound ; leukomalacia ; preterm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to validate the accuracy of real-time ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). US changes of PVL were correlated with autopsy results. During a 12-month period, all premature infants of 34 weeks' gestation or less (group A) and all neonates of more than 34 weeks' gestation who presented with abnormal neurological signs (group B) were studied with an ATL mechanical sector scanner (5 and 7.5 MHz). The overall incidence of PVL was 13.3%. In group A (n=83), 13 infants had PVL and 3 died. In group B (n=36), three developed PVL and two died. Autopsy was performed in the five infants. US revealed the sequence of lesion:-the early stage with increased echogenicity in the periventricular white matter,-the late stage with area of reduced echogenicity appearing in the most echogenic zone and resulting in cystic cavitation. Autopsy confirmed PVL lesions in all five infants. The increased echogenicity corresponded to necrosis with either vascular congestion and/or secondary bleeding, the reduced echogenicity to cystic degeneration with gliosis. US scan be used for the detection of PVL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Very-low-birth-weight infants ; Major handicaps ; Minor handicaps ; School performance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The neurodevelopmental outcome and school performance of 50 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 33 small for gestational age (SGA) very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants, compared to a control group (41 Term infants) were assessed at 8 years of age. The incidence of major handicaps among AGA and SGA/VLBW infants respectively, was 16% and 6%. No major handicap was found in the control group. The incidence of neurodevelopmental abnormalities (NDA) among AGA's (40%) and SGA's (57.6%) compared with the control group (31.7%) was found to be significantly higher. School failure occurred more frequently among VLBW infants (22.9%) and was related in children with NDA — and more particularly among AGA's — to the presence of language disorders of associated NDA. Evaluation of the consequences of NDA and school problems for later academic and professional achievement now requires further follow-up studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: HIV infections ; Infant newborn ; Pregnancy ; Parity ; Caesarean section
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abstract In a national prospective study of risk factors for mother-tochild transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 316 children of HIV-positive mothers were followed up for at least 6 months. Infection status was determined in 254 of them and 46 were found to be infected giving a transmission rate of 18.1%. Univariate analysis of potential risk factors for mother-to-child transmission showed an association between primiparity and increased transmission rate: odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–4.6,P〈0.05. Analysis by logistic regression confirmed this association (adjusted odds ratio 2.4) and showed, in addition, a negative association between transmission rate and elective Caesarean section (adjusted odds ratio 0.36, 95% CI 0.13–0.97,P〈0.05). The effect of primiparity was less pronounced in combination with elective Caesarean section (odds ratio 1.7) than with other delivery modes (odds ratio 2.5, difference not significant. HIV-infected children were less likely to experience the birth of a younger sibling during the observation period than their uninfected counterparts (2 of 46 vs 27 of 208,P〈0.05 by logrank test). Conclusions Primiparous women appear to transmit HIV to their children at a higher rate. This could be explained by increased intrapartum transmission because of longer and more complicated labour in primiparas and/or by a self-selection of women with lower risk of transmission among those deciding to have additional children.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 150 (1991), S. 515-520 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Brain ultrasound ; Preterm infants ; Neuro-developmental outcome ; Socioeconomic status
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The developmental outcome at 5 years of age was studied in 93 preterm infants who had been prospectively examined for peri-ventricular leucomalacia (PVL). Standardised neurological examination and developmental assessment, including tests of cognitive function, were carried out. Major sequelae (n=10) could be ascribed in most cases to the presence of large PVL lesions. Children with normal scans (n=51), with isolated haemorrhage (n=15) and with post-haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (n=3) had a favourable prognosis. Patients with small focal PVL changes (n=16) had lower cognitive abilities on the McCarthy scale and presented more abnormal neuromotor signs and more attention deficits when compared to children with normal scans and isolated haemorrhage. Small focal PVL changes seem therefore to interfere with development at 5 years of age and might represent a morphological marker of a more diffuse brain injury. This study demonstrated also the effect of socioeconomic status on outcome at the age of 5 years.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 256 (1995), S. S61 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: En Conclusion Les causes périnatales du handicap neurologique et notamment de la paralysie cérébrale sont moins fréquentes chez le nouveau-né à terme que chez le prématuré. L'établissement du pronostic précoce doit être basé sur l'examen clinique, l'EEG et l'imagerie assurant ainsi la complémentarité des examens et la meilleure valeur pronostique positive. Le pronostic individuel reste cependant difficile. De nouvelles techniques permettront certainement d' apporter une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes étiopathogéniques et permettront également d'envisager de nouvelles thérapeutiques médicamenteuses. Finalement, le meilleur traitement de l'asphyxie périnatale reste la prévention.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 256 (1995), S. S61 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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