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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Enterobacter ; Infections ; Resistance ; Antibiotics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The emergence of resistance during therapy and the efficacy of different antibiotic therapy regimens were studied in 38 intensive care patients suffering from pulmonary infections caused byEnterobacter cloacae. Every three days a fresh isolate was obtained from each patient and tested in vitro for susceptibility to 16 antibiotics by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations. During therapy with cefotaxime and tobramycin theE. cloacae strains from 47% of the patients became resistant to cefotaxime within 6 days. In all cases resistance encompassed all other broad-spectrum penicillins and cephalosporins tested, as well as aztreonam. Development of resistance regularly led to persistence of bacteria. Resistance to tobramycin, ciprofloxacin or imipenem was not observed. Treatment of 25 patients with persistingE. cloacae infections was successful in 17 out of 18 patients treated with imipenem and in 6 out of 7 patients receiving ciprofloxacin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 168 (1980), S. 211-216 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of red blood cell age on the susceptibility towards NDV-induced hemolysis has been investigated. It was found that young sheep red blood cells (SRBC), although more resistant to hypotonic hemolysis, are more susceptible towards viral hemolysis than older cells. This may be because young red blood cells have a higher content of neuraminic acid, which functions as a receptor for NDV.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 165 (1978), S. 101-109 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In attempting to explain the mechanism whereby hemoglobin is released during NDV-induced hemolysis it was found that marker substances like albumin or myoglobin with diameters larger than 30 Å are retained in the erythrocyte membrane, whereas low molecular weight material is released. This indicates that NDV-induced hemolysis does not result in the formation of membrane lesions but rather in the alteration of membrane permeability. A prerequisite for this process is the insertion of viral envelope components into the cell membrane. NDV-induced hemolysis can be enhanced by virus-specific antibodies and complement. In this case the release of marker substances is due to membrane lesions since large molecules also are released from the erythrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 256 (1999), S. 330-334 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Mycotic polypoid pansinusitis ; Bipolaris ; (Drechslera) hawaiiensis ; Infection ; Endoscopic ; microsurgical pansinus surgery ; Antimycotic therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Depending on the aggressiveness of the pathogen and a patient’s immunocompetence, fungal polypoid pansinusitis or allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) may be a life-threatening disease. Apart from the clinical findings, its diagnosis is based on the demonstration of mucinous material with abundant eosinophils in the paranasal sinuses (indicating an allergic process), cultivation of the causative pathogen and immunocompetence of the patient. In a 20-year-old immigrant Sudanese woman, AFS due to Bipolaris (Drechslera) hawaiiensis was diagnosed. Because of intracranial extension, the disease had led to erosion of the cranial base and orbit with amaurosis on the right side and focal epilepsy. In addition to endonasal microsurgical pansinus operations, local irrigation therapy with amphothericin B was accompanied by systemic treatment with itraconazole after in vitro cultivation of the pathogen and determination of its sensitivities. Interdisciplinary management included a combination of endonasal surgery with debridement of infected tissues and wide drainage of the sinuses without removal of skull bone or the dural lesion in addition to specific antimycotic treatment. Injury to adjacent anatomical structures must be avoided in any case to prevent systemic or possibly lethal dissemination of infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An der Allgemeinchirurgischen Klinik der Universität Giessen wurde in Anlehnung an die Richtlinien der Centers for Disease Control und die Ergebnisse der SENIC-Studie ein System zur Überwachung nosokomialer Infektionen entwickelt. Es sollten Daten zur Gesamtinfektionsrate und Verfahrens-spezifischen und Lokalisations-spezifischen Infektionsrate, zur Verbreitung nosokomialer Infektionen unter Berücksichtigung der Erreger und der Resistenzmuster an der Allgemeinchirurgischen Klinik erhoben werden. Die Gesamtinfektionsrate bei operativen Eingriffen, aufgeteilt nach sauberen, sauber kontaminierten, kontaminierten und schmutzigen Operationsbereichen betrug 13%. Die Wundinfektionsrate von 3% nach operativen Eingriffen in sauberen Bereichen war hauptsächlich dadurch bedingt, daß die Infektionsrate bei langdauernden Eingriffen in sauberen Bereichen und Operationen mit hypothermer Perfusion der Extremitäten bei Patienten mit Melanomen auf 13% erhöht war. Es ergaben sich auch Unterschiede in den Raten nosokomialer Infektionen auf der Allgemeinchirurgischen Station (11%) und der Intensivpflegestation (29%). Die Erregerisolate auf der Intensivpflegestation waren vor allem Candida und koagulasenegative Staphylokokken während auf der Allgemeinchirurgischen StationEscherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus undEnterococcus faecalis am häufigsten waren. Das Erregerspektrum variierte mit der Art der Operation. Bei Eingriffen im Pankreas ergab sich eine Tendenz zu Infektionen durch koagulasenegative Staphylokokken, Candida undPseudomonas aeruginosa. Häufig isolierte baktierelle Erreger wieE. coli, E. faecalis undS. aureus zeigten bei der Testung gegenüber den gebräuchlichsten Antibiotika keine Resistenzprobleme: Anders war es bei den koagulasenegativen Staphylokokken, wo uns zur Behandlung eindeutiger Infektionen auf der Intensivpflegestation nur wenige Antibiotika zur Verfügung stehen wie etwa Amikacin.
    Notes: Summary At the general surgery clinics, University of Giessen, we developed our own system for surveillance of nosocomial infections according to the guidelines of the Centers of Disease Control. Atlanta, USA, and according to the results of the SENIC Project. We wanted to receive information about the overall infection rate, the procedure specific infection rate, site specific infection rate, distribution of nosocomial infections by pathogen and resistance pattern of antibiotics at the general surgery clinics. The overall infection rate of operations, classified as clean, clean — contaminated, and contaminated and dirty, was 13%. The surgical wound infection rate of 3% after clean operations was mainly caused by an elevated infection rate of 13% after clean operations of a prolonged duration and hyperthermic perfusion of the extremities in patients with melanoma. There is also a difference in nosocomial infection rates at the general surgery ward (11%) and at the intensive care unit (29%). At the intensive care unit candida and coagulase negative staphylococci are mainly isolated whereasEscherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus andEnterococcus faecalis dominated the general surgery ward. Different operations show different distributions of isolates; operations on the pancreas are prone to have infections with coagulase negative staphylococci, candida andPseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibiotic susceptibility tests for the most commonly used antibiotics revealed no resistance problems forE. coli, E. faecalis, andStaphylococcus aureus, common pathogens at the general surgery ward, but did for coagulase-negative staphylococci where we can consider only a few antibiotics like amikacin in obvious infections at the intensive care unit.
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