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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dimorphism in human pathogenic and apathogenic yeasts (2000)
    Basel : Karger
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Dimorphism (Plants) ; Yeast fungi ; Mycoses ; Pathogenic fungi ; Yeasts ; Yeasts ; Morphogenesis ; Mycoses ; Microbiology ; Mycology ; Cytology ; Hygiene
    Description / Table of Contents: The importance of yeast pathogens causing life-threatening systemic and tenacious superficial infections in humans has been steadily increasing over the last few decades. Species of the genus Candida, as well as dimorphic fungi with a pathogenic yeast phase such as Histoplasma and Cryptococcus species cause systemic mycosis mainly in immunocompromised patients and following long-term therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics and/or antifungals. In recent years, our knowledge of the molecular biology of yeast pathogens has increased dramatically and is beginning to affect diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. A wealth of new information has appeared on the key virulence factors of yeast pathogens, including dimorphism, which is one of the striking features of most yeast pathogens.Written by international experts in the field, this book introduces yeast pathogens with a comprehensive guideline on yeast systematics and taxonomy. Furthermore, current therapies of yeast infections are discussed. A special focus is devoted to the most recent findings on dimorphism in yeast. Chapters on dimorphism in Candida albicans, other important yeast pathogens, as well as nonpathogenic yeasts stress similarities and differences in morphogenetic processes between yeast species. Both clinicians and basic research scientists will benefit greatly from the well-edited and up-to-date information collected in this volume
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X + 246 S
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] Online-Ressource Karger eBooks Collection 1997-2009
    ISBN: 9783318005196
    Series Statement: Contributions to microbiology 5
    URL: https://karger.com/books/book/3054
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/isbn.978-3-318-00519-6
    DDC: 616/.015
    Language: English
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , ""Contents""; ""Preface""; ""Systematics and Taxonomy of Yeasts""; ""Molecular Approaches for Analyzing Diversity and Phylogeny among Yeast Species""; ""Yeast Infections in Humans with Special Emphasis on Malassezia furfur and Infections Caused by �Rare� Yeast Species""; ""Yeast Infections in VeterinaryMedicine""; ""Therapy of Yeast-Associated Infections""; ""Regulation of Dimorphism in Candida albicans""; ""Gene Regulation duringMorphogenesis in Candida albicans""; ""Extracellular Proteinases of Human Pathogenic Fungi""; ""The Cell Surface of Candida albicans during Morphogenesis"" , ""Yarrowia lipolytica: An Organism Amenable to Genetic Manipulation as a Model for Analyzing Dimorphism in Fungi""""Cytoskeletal Proteins and Morphogenesis in Candida albicans and Yarrowia lipolytica""; ""Pseudohyphal Development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae""; ""Dimorphism in Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis""; ""Morphogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans""; ""Author Index""; ""Subject Index""
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thema des Europäischen Verbundprojektes: FunComPath: From colonization to infection: dissection of the commensal-to-pathogen shift of Candida albicans, Teilprojekt HHU Düsseldorf, Förderkennzeichen 031L0001B: Regulation des kommensalen Wachstums von Candida albicans : Schlussbericht zur Fördermaßnahme des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung im Rahmen des Programmms Infect-ERA II (2018)
    Düsseldorf : Heinrich-Heine-Universität
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht ; Candida albicans
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 Seiten, 231,90 KB)
    URL: https://doi.org/10.2314/GBV:1049598598
    DOI: 10.2314/GBV:1049598598
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 031L0001B. - Verbund-Nummer 01159963 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Sprache der Zusammenfassung: Deutsch, Englisch
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OXYstress: Human fungal pathogens under oxygen stress: adaptive mechanisms to hypoxia and reactive oxygen species and their consequences for host interaction and therapy : Teilprojekt P1, Düsseldorf: Anpassungsmechanismen humanpathogener Pilze an Sauerstoffstress: Konsequenzen für Wirtsinteraktion und Therapie (OXYstress) : Schlussbericht zur Fördermaßnahme des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung im Rahmen des Programmes ERA-NET PathoGenoMics (2014)
    Düsseldorf : Heinrich-Heine-Univ., Dep. Biologie, Molekulare Mykologie
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 Seiten, 216,48 KB)
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb16/846565773.pdf
    URL: https://doi.org/10.2314/GBV:846565773
    DOI: 10.2314/GBV:846565773
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 0315902A. - Verbund-Nr. 01085745 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinct and redundant roles of the two protein kinase A isoforms Tpk1p and Tpk2p in morphogenesis and growth of Candida albicans (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 42 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: TPK1 and TPK2 encode both isoforms of protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunits in Candida albicans. Mutants lacking both TPK1 alleles showed defective hyphal morphogenesis on solid inducing media, whereas in liquid hypha, formation was affected slightly. In contrast, tpk2 mutants were only partially morphogenesis defective on solid media, whereas a strong block was observed in liquid. In addition, the yeast forms of tpk2– but not tpk1– mutants were completely deficient in invading agar. Because Tpk1p and Tpk2p differ in their N-terminal domains of approximately 80–90 amino acids, while the catalytic portions are highly homologous, the functions of hybrid Tpk proteins with exchanged N-terminal domains were tested. The results demonstrate that the catalytic portions mediate Tpk protein specificities with regard to filamentation, whereas agar invasion is mediated by the N-terminal domain of Tpk2p. Homozygous tpk1 and tpk2 mutants grew normally; however, a tpk2 mutant strain containing a single regulatable TPK1 allele (PCK1p-TPK1) at low expression levels was severely growth defective. It was completely blocked in hyphal morphogenesis and was stress resistant to high osmolarities or temperatures. Thus, both Tpk isoforms in C. albicans share growth functions but, unlike Saccharomyces cerevisiae isoforms, they have positive, specific roles in filament formation in different environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02688.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphogenesis-independent regulation of actin transcript levels in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 10 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The transcript level of the Candida albicans ACT1 gene (encoding actin) is strongly regulated during induction of hyphal morphogenesis. ACT1 mRNA declines rapidly during starvation pretreatment and quickly recovers in media inducing morphogenesis. The C. albicans URA3 and LEU2 mRNAs, as well as an ACT1 promoterILAC4 fusion, are regulated similarly. The regulation of ACT1ILAC4 and unaltered mRNA stabilities suggest transcriptional regulation during morphogenesis. However, by individually testing morphogenesis induction parameters, it is shown that starvation and growth phase, but not hyphal formation, are responsible for ACT1 transcript regulation; this conclusion is confirmed by analyses of morphological mutants and by inhibition of hyphal development. Thus, the specific morphogenesis-induction conditions, but not morphogenesis per se, affect transcript levels in C. albicans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00956.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein kinase A encoded by TPK2 regulates dimorphism of Candida albicans (2000)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 35 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: External signals induce the switch from a yeast to a hyphal growth form in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. We demonstrate here that the catalytic subunit of a protein kinase A (PKA) isoform encoded by TPK2 is required for internal signalling leading to hyphal differentiation. TPK2 complements the growth defect of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae tpk1-3 mutant and Tpk2p is able to phosphorylate an established PKA-acceptor peptide (kemptide). Deletion of TPK2 blocks morphogenesis and partially reduces virulence, whereas TPK2 overexpression induces hyphal formation and stimulates agar invasion. The defective tpk2 phenotype is suppressed by overproduction of known signalling components, including Efg1p and Cek1p, whereas TPK2 overexpression reconstitutes the cek1 but not the efg1 phenotype. The results indicate that PKA activity of Tpk2p is an important contributing factor in regulating dimorphism of C. albicans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01705.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PMT family of Candida albicans: five protein mannosyltransferase isoforms affect growth, morphogenesis and antifungal resistance (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 55 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Protein O-mannosyltransferases (Pmt proteins) initiate O-mannosylation of secretory proteins. The PMT gene family of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans consists of PMT1 and PMT6, as well as three additional PMT genes encoding Pmt2, Pmt4 and Pmt5 isoforms described here. Both PMT2 alleles could not be deleted and growth of conditional strains, containing PMT2 controlled by the MET3- or tetOScHOP1-promoters, was blocked in non-permissive conditions, indicating that PMT2 is essential for growth. A homozygous pmt4 mutant was viable, but synthetic lethality of pmt4 was observed in combination with pmt1 mutations. Hyphal morphogenesis of a pmt4 mutant was defective under aerobic induction conditions, yet increased in embedded or hypoxic conditions, suggesting a role of Pmt4p-mediated O-glycosylation for environment-specific morphogenetic signalling. Although a PMT5 transcript was detected, a homozygous pmt5 mutant was phenotypically silent. All other pmt mutants showed variable degrees of supersensitivity to antifungals and to cell wall-destabilizing agents. Cell wall composition was markedly affected in pmt1 and pmt4 mutants, showing a significant decrease in wall mannoproteins. In a mouse model of haematogenously disseminated infection, PMT4 was required for full virulence of C. albicans. Functional analysis of the first complete PMT gene family in a fungal pathogen indicates that Pmt isoforms have variable and specific roles for in vitro and in vivo growth, morphogenesis and antifungal resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04401.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening of Muteins Secreted by Yeast: Random Mutagenesis of Human Interleukin-2 (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 7 (1989), S. 716-720 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] We have generated random variants of human interleukin-2 (hIL-2) and assayed them using a rapid method that is generally applicable to proteins secreted by yeast. Mutein screening is performed in three steps: (1) in vitro mutagenesis of the target gene and selection of mutant genes by a physical ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0789-716
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and substrate specificity of a ferrichrome-type siderophore transporter (Arn1p) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 186 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Genes encoding transporters for heterologous siderophores have been identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, of which SIT1, TAF1, and ENB1 encode the transporters for ferrioxamines, ferric triacetylfusarinine C and ferric enterobactin, respectively. In the present communication we have shown that a further gene encoding a member of the major facilitator superfamily, ARN1 (YHL040c), is involved in the transport of a specific class of ferrichromes, possessing anhydromevalonyl residues linked to Nδ-ornithine (ARN). Ferrirubin and ferrirhodin, which both are produced by filamentous fungi, are the most common representatives of this class of ferrichromes. A strain possessing a disruption in the ARN1 gene was unable to transport ferrirubin, ferrirhodin and also ferrichrome A, indicating that the encoded transporter recognizes anhydromevalonyl and the structurally-related methylglutaconyl side-chains surrounding the iron center. Ferrichromes possessing short-chain ornithine-Nδ-acetyl residues such as ferrichrome, ferricrocin and ferrichrysin, were excluded by the Arn1 transporter. Substitution of the iron-surrounding N-acyl chains of ferrichromes by propionyl residues had no effect, whereas substitution by butyryl residues led to recognition by the Arn1 transporter. This would indicate that a chain length of four C-atoms is sufficient to allow binding. Using different asperchromes (B1, D1) we also found that a minimal number of two anhydromevalonyl residues is sufficient for recognition by Arn1p. Contrary to the iron-surrounding N-acyl residues, the peptide backbone of ferrichromes was not an important determinant for the Arn1 transporter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09108.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a fungal triacetylfusarinine C siderophore transport gene (TAF1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a member of the major facilitator superfamily (1999)
    Springer
    BioMetals 12 (1999), S. 301-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: iron ; siderophores ; transport ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; fungi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Transport proteins of microorganisms may either belong to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily or to the major facilitator (MFS)-superfamily. MFS transporters are single-polypeptide membrane transporters that transport small molecules via uniport, symport or antiport mechanisms in response to a chemiosmotic gradient. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a non-siderophore producer, various bacterial and fungal siderophores can be utilized as an iron source. From yeast genome sequencing data six genes of the unknown major facilitator (UMF) family were known of which YEL065w Sce was recently identified as a transporter for the bacterial siderophore ferrioxamine B (Sit1p). The present investigation shows that another UMF gene, YHL047c Sce, encodes a transporter for the fungal siderophore triacetylfusarinine C. The gene YHL047c Sce (designated TAF1) was disrupted using the kanMX disruption module in a fet3 background (strain DEY 1394 Δfet3), possessing a defect in the high affinity ferrous iron transport. Growth promotion assays and transport experiments with 55Fe-labelled triacetylfusarinine C showed a complete loss of iron utilization and uptake in the disrupted strain, indicating that TAF1 is the gene for the fungal triacetylfusarinine transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and possibly in other siderophore producing fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009252118050
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