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Note: Cover -- Half Title Page -- Editorial Board -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 Energy Policy for Natural Gas in the Internal Market - An Overview -- 1. COMMUNITY ACTIONS AND PROPOSALS -- 2. THE MAASTRICHT TREATY -- 3. IMPERFECT COMPETITION AND IMPERFECT REGULATION -- 4. STATUS OF GAS UNDERTAKINGS IN MEMBER STATES -- 5. MARKETS AND HIERARCHIES -- 6. INTER-FUEL COMPETITION -- 7. SECURITY OF SUPPLY -- Chapter 2 Aims and Means of European Energy Policy in the light of the Completion of the Internal Market -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE INTERNAL ENERGY MARKET -- 3. QUESTIONS RELATED TO THE INTERNAL ELECTRICITY AND GAS MARKETS -- 3.1 Natural monopoly and exclusive and/or special rights -- 3.2 Commission v Council directives -- 3.3 Relating the two issues -- 3.4 Some key questions -- 4. OPEN ACCESS FOR NATURAL GAS -- 4.1 The issues raised by the Consultative Committees -- 4.2 Analysis -- 4.3 Key uncertainties -- 5. OPEN ACCESS FOR ELECTRICITY -- 5.1 The issues raised by the Consultative Committees -- 5.2 Analysis -- 5.3 Some key uncertainties -- 6. SUMMING UP -- 7. THE OTHER ENERGY OBJECTIVES: SECURITY OF SUPPLY -- 7.1 Enforcing security of supply in the internal market -- 7.2 Conclusion -- 8. THE OTHER ENERGY OBJECTIVES: THE ENVIRONMENT -- 8.1 The internal energy market and the environmental objectives -- 8.2 The means -- 8.3 Conclusion -- 9. CONCLUSIONS -- Chapter 3 The Development of European Energy Policy: From the ECSC Treaty to the Internal Market -- 1. SUBJECTS OF ENERGY POLICY -- 2. LEGAL FUNDAMENTALS FOR A COMMUNITY ENERGY POLICY -- 2.1 Coal -- 2.2 Nuclear energy -- 2.3 Hydrocarbon and other energy sources -- 3. BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR AN EC ENERGY POLICY -- 4. THE ENERGY POLICY OF THE COMMUNITY UNTIL TODAY -- 4.1 The energy policy before the oil crisis of 1973-1974. , 4.2 Energy policy during the second phase -- 5. ACTMTIES OF THE COMMUNITY -- 6. SECTORAL (SUPPLY) POLICIES -- 6.1 Coal -- 6.2 Hydrocarbon (mineral oil and natural gas) -- 6.3 Nuclear energy -- 6.4 Electricity -- 6.5 New energy sources -- 7. RECENT STRATEGIES -- 8. EUROPEAN ENERGY POLICY: DEMANDS AND REALITY -- Chapter 4 Could the Energy Mix be Optimised through Competition or Regulation? -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE BASIC ECONOMIC DECISION -- 3. THE COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR -- 3.1 Workability of competition in the markets for different sources of energy -- 3.2 The relevance of substitution competition -- 4. EXTERNALITIES AS DETERMINANTS FOR THE OVERALL ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF AN ENERGY MIX -- 4.1 The problem of internalising energy production externalities -- 4.2 Economic consequences of the globality of climate changes and nuclear risks -- 5. CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 5 The Structure and Regulation of the French Gas Industry -- 1. THE STRUCTURE OF THE FRENCH GAS INDUSTRY -- 1.1 Global structure -- 1.2 Market segmentation -- 1.3 The dynamic of competition -- 2. REGULATION OF THE FRENCH GAS INDUSTRY -- 2.1 The organisation of state control and regulation -- 2.2 Principles of tariffication -- 2.3 The "contrat d'objectir' -- 3. CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 6 The Structure and Regulation of the British Gas Industry -- 1. BACKGROUND -- 2. STRUCTURE -- 2.1 Tariff market -- 2.2 Industrial contract market -- 2.3 Transmission -- 2.4 Gas purchasing -- 2.5 Old contracts -- 3. REGULATION: THE FRAMEWORK -- 4. REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTS, MAY 1989-OCTOBER 1991 -- 4.1 Published price schedules -- 5. THIRD PARTY ACCESS -- 6. THE "90/10%" RULE AND CONTRACT SWAPS -- 7. DOUBLE CAPPING THE TARIFF MARKET -- 8. EFFECTS SO FAR -- 9. THE DYNAMICS OF REGULATION -- 9.1 Competition -- 9.2 Hiving off transmission and storage. , 9.3 Tariff market changes -- 9.4 Prior approval of BG's price changes -- 10. CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY ISSUES -- Chapter 7 The Structure and Regulation of the German Gas Industry -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE GAS INDUSTRY AND THE ENERGY SECTOR -- 3. SUPPLY AND DEMAND -- 4. MARKET ORGANISATION -- 5. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK -- 6. PRICES AND COSTS -- 7. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- APPENDIX EFFECTS OF THE EC COMMISSION PROPOSALS ON THE WEST GERMAN GAS INDUSTRY -- Chapter 8 Experiences with Natural Gas Regulation and Competition in the US Federal System: Lessons for Europe -- 1. PRE-1984 US EXPERIENCE -- 2. POST-1984 US EXPERIENCE -- 3. TRANSITION COSTS -- 4. RELUCTANCE TO ENTER INTO LONG-TERM CONTRACTS -- 5. SCHIZOPHRENIC ATTITUDE TOWARD REGULATION OF PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION -- 6. TENSION BETWEEN THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF UNBUNDLING GAS SERVICE -- 7. LESSONS FOR EUROPE -- Chapter 9 Models of the Organisation and Accompanying Regulation of Gas Markets in Europe -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE MERCHANT PIPELINE -- 3. ENTRY BY RIVAL MERCHANT PIPELINES -- 4. THIRD PARTY ACCESS -- 4.1 Open access to an unconstrained versus constrained network -- 4.2 Restrictions implied in firm access rights -- 4.3 Unbundling trade from transmission -- 4.4 Regulatory tasks -- 5. BENCHMARK MODELS: GENERALISED AUCTION AND POOL -- 5.1 A generalised auction model -- 5.2 A pool system -- 6. A HUB SYSTEM -- 7. THE SITUATION IN EUROPE -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 10 European Energy Policy in Community Law -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE LEGAL INTEGRATION OF ENERGY MARKETS -- 2.1 The applicability of the Treaty to energy issues -- 2.2 Energy and the free movement of goods -- 2.3 Energy and the freedom of services and establishment -- 2.4 Energy and the rules of competition -- 3. SUMMARY -- Comment on the Paper by Professor Schwarze -- Chapter 11 The Prospects for Third Party Access in European Gas Markets. , 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. DEFINITION AND TERMINOLOGY: COMMON CARRIAGE AND THIRD PARTY ACCESS -- 2.1 Common carriage -- 2.2 Third party access -- 2.3 Open access -- 3. THE EC COMMISSION INITIATIVES AND THE RESPONSE OF THE INDUSTRY AND MEMBER STATES -- 3.1 The Commission initiatives -- 3.2 The response of the industry and the Member States -- 4. THE APPLICABILITY OF EXISTING MODELS OF TPA -- 5. THE MARKET CONTEXT - "WINNERS" AND "LOSERS" IN A TPA SYSTEM -- 5.1 Cost/benefit analysis -- 6. THE FUTURE OF TPA IN EUROPE -- Comment on Jonathan Stern's Chapter -- Chapter 12 Compulsory Open Access in the Gas Industry - The Special Case of the Mediterranean Countries -- Comment on Roberto Centeno Gonzalez' Chapter -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 13 Organisation of Supply Markets for Natural Gas in Europe -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE STRUCTURE OF THE EUROPEAN NATURAL GAS MARKET -- 2.1 Some basic characteristics -- 2.2 Production, consumption and trade -- 2.3 Transmission and distribution -- 3. ORGANISING A EUROPEAN NATURAL GAS MARKET -- 3.1 Organising for market participation and competition -- 3.2 Organisation of gas markets -- 4. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- Comment on Einar Hope's Chapter with a Critical Review of Legal and Policy Arguments Driving the Discussion on Third Party Access -- 1. THE DISCUSSION ON THIRD PARTY ACCESS/COMMON CARRIAGE IN THE EC -- 2. REGULATORY REGIMES AS VITAL CONSTITUENTS OF COMPETITION BETWEEN NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ECONOMIES -- 3. DOES SECURITY OF SUPPLY REQUIRE CLOSED GAS TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS? -- 4. THIRD PARTY ACCESS AND LONG-TERM GAS SUPPLY CONTRACTS -- 5. GAS LIBERALISATION UNDER EC LAW -- 6. CONCLUSION: REASONABLE STEPS TOWARDS GAS LIBERALISATION BASED ON COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS -- Chapter 14 Regional and Local Distribution Systems for Natural Gas -- 1. INTRODUCTION. , 2. THE STRUCTURE OF THE REGIONAL AND LOCAL GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY -- 3. THE COMPETITIVE SITUATION OF NATURAL GAS AT THE LEVEL OF THE FINAL CONSUMERS -- 3.1 Consumer groups -- 3.2 Competition in the gas market -- 3.3 Substitutive competition -- 4. STRENGTHENING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF REGIONAL AND LOCAL GAS SUPPLIERS -- 4.1 Effects of the EC energy policy -- 4.2 The effects of national measures -- 5. CONCLUDING COMMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Comment on Hans-Jürgen Ewers' and Friedrich von Stackelberg's Chapter -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. HIGHLIGHTING POINTS FROM THE PAPER -- 3. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- Index -- Back Cover.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Systematics and Taxonomy of Yeasts -- Molecular Approaches for Analyzing Diversity and Phylogeny among Yeast Species -- Yeast Infections in Humans with Special Emphasis on Malassezia furfur and Infections Caused by 'Rare' Yeast Species -- Yeast Infections in VeterinaryMedicine -- Therapy of Yeast-Associated Infections -- Regulation of Dimorphism in Candida albicans -- Gene Regulation duringMorphogenesis in Candida albicans -- Extracellular Proteinases of Human Pathogenic Fungi -- The Cell Surface of Candida albicans during Morphogenesis -- Yarrowia lipolytica: An Organism Amenable to Genetic Manipulation as a Model for Analyzing Dimorphism in Fungi -- Cytoskeletal Proteins and Morphogenesis in Candida albicans and Yarrowia lipolytica -- Pseudohyphal Development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Dimorphism in Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis -- Morphogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans -- Author Index -- Subject Index.