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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Cell Research 142 (1982), S. 309-315 
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 281 (1990), S. 70-75 
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 146 (1987), S. 1204-1211 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 33 (1994), S. 217-229 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Vegetarian diet ; endurance run ; nutritional requirement ; dietary survey ; Vegetarische Ernährung ; Ausdauerlauf ; Nährstoffbedarf ; Ernährungserhebung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Während eines Ausdauerlaufs (1000 km in 20 Tagen) wurde untersucht, ob eine ovo-lakto-vegetarische Kost (OLVD) den Nährstoffbedarf von Ausdauersportlern decken kann. Als Vergleichskost diente eine konventionelle Kostform (RWD). Beide Kostformen wurden mit einem Energiegehalt von 4500 kcal pro Tag und mit einem Nahrungsenergieanteil von Kohlenhydraten:Fett:Protein im Verhältnis von 60:30:10 angeboten. Die Läufer wurden — entsprechend ihrer üblichen Ernährungsgewohnheiten — in zwei Ernährungsgruppen eingeteilt. Die Ergebnisse der 55 Läufer, die das Ziel erreichten, zeigten, da\ sich Läufer aus beiden Gruppen prozentual die gleiche Menge an Nahrungsenergie, Kohlenhydraten, Fett und Protein zuführten. Läufer der ovo-lakto-vegetarischen Gruppe nahmen mehr Ballaststoffe und mehrfach ungesättigte Fettsäuren sowie weniger Cholesterin auf. Mit Ausnahme von Natriumchlorid und Cobalamin war die Aufnahme der berechneten Mineralstoffe und Vitamine in der ovo-lakto-vegetarischen Gruppe höher und überschritten die offiziellen Nährstoffempfehlungen. Diese Studie zeigt, daß eine ovo-lakto-vegetarische Kost mit einer hohen Nährstoffdichte den Nährstoffbedarf eines Ausdauersportlers angemessen decken kann. Die Zufuhr und Resorption von Eisen bedarf bei jeder Kostform einer genauen Überwachung.
    Notes: Summary During an endurance run (1000 km in 20 days) it was investigated whether an ovo-lactovegetarian diet (OLVD) could cover the nutritional requirements of endurance athletes. A regular western diet (RWD) was used as reference. Both diets were offered with an energy content of 4500 kcal per day and an energy percentage of carbohydrate:fat:protein of 60:30:10. The runners were divided into two dietary groups according to their usual dietary habits. The results of the 55 participants who completed the race show that runners from both groups had the same intake of energy, carbohydrate, fat and protein. Runners of the OLVD group consumed more dietary fiber and polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as less cholesterol. With the exception of sodium chloride and cobalamine, the intake of the calculated minerals and vitamins was higher in the OLVD and exceeded the official recommendations. This study shows that an OLVD with a high nutrient density is adequate to cover the nutritional requirements of endurance-athletes. The intake and absorption of iron should be monitored closely in all diet groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 271 (1981), S. 73-82 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Antigens ; Culture ; Epidermal antigens ; Epidermal differentiation ; Epidermis ; Pemphigoid ; Pemphigus ; Antigen ; Kultur ; Epidermis ; Epidermiszellen ; Differenzierung ; Pemphigoid ; Pemphigus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Pemphigus- Pemphigoid- und Upper-Cytoplasmic (U-CYT)-Antigene der Epidermis wurden an in vitro-gezüchteten Epidermiszellen untersucht, um die Differenzierung der Epidermis immunologisch zu verfolgen. Menschliche Keratinocyten wurden in vitro ohne Feeder-Zellen, ohne Collagen oder dermales Gewebe kultiviert. Zellsuspensionen von trypsinierter Haut, Primär-, Sekundär- und Tertiärkulturen wurden mit dem indirekten Immunofluorescenzverfahren unter Verwendung von Seren von Patienten mit Pemphigus vulgaris, bullösem Pemphigoid sowie Seren mit Autoantikörpern gegen Keratinocyten-Cytoplasma getestet. Normale Seren und kultivierte normale menschliche Fibroblasten wie auch Melanomzellen dienten als Kontrolle. Pemphigus- sowie Pemphigoidantigen konnten in allen Epidermiszellkulturen nachgewiesen werden. U-CYT-Antigen wurde in 45–65% der trypsinierten Keratinocyten, jedoch nur in 5–10% der kultivierten und überhaupt nicht in subkultivierten Keratinocyten beobachtet. Die Bedeutung dieser Befunde für die Differenzierung der Epidermis in vitro wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary In an approach of epidermal differentiation, the expression of pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, and upper-cytoplasmic epidermal antigens was studied in human keratinocytes in culture. The cells were cultured without feeder cells, dermal tissue, or collagen at an acid pH (5.6–5.8) similar to that of the surface of the skin in vivo. Cell suspensions from fresh trypsinized skin and primary, secondary, and tertiary cultures were tested by indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of each antigen using human sera from patients with pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, and human sera with antibodies against upper-cytoplasmic antigens. Normal sera and cultured human normal fibroblasts and melanoma cells were used as controls. Pemphigus and pemphigoid antigens were found to be expressed, and synthesized by keratinocytes in vitro. The expression to upper-cytoplasmic antigens decreased with time in culture, and they were absent in secondary or tertiary cultures while expressed by 45–65% of cells prepared from fresh skin. Both upper-cytoplasmic and pemphigoid antigens can be used to type subpopulations of human epidermal cells; however, these findings suggest that epidermal differentiation in vitro differs from that which occurs in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic variation of 16 allozyme loci in 397 Halicryptus spinulosus (Priapulida) revealed overall polymorphism of P=0.438 and Hardy-Weinberg expectations for heterozygosity of H e=0.060 for Baltic Sea stocks, H e=0.143 for the White Sea and H e=0.121 for Iceland. Maximal unbiased standard distances of D=0.0693 separated Baltic and White Sea populations. Nordic and Baltic populations could be distinguished by allozymes, but Baltic subsamples proved cohesive. Gene flow amounted to effective exchange values per generation of N m=2.94 over 650 km of continuous habitat, N m=10.65 over 175 km, and N m=13.85 over 20 km. Gene flow started to decrease with geographic distance beyond a dispersal threshold of 20 km, but hierarchical G ST-statistics indicated light isolation by distance beyond a minimum of 8 km. Gene flow is high for a benthic worm assumed to lack dispersal by pelagic larva, a paradox which cannot be resolved now. Baltic populations are characterized by lower heterozygosity than Nordic stocks. In the Baltic Basin, temporally continuous brackish-water conditions have only existed for the past 7000 years. The two possible colonization routes of H. spinulosus to the geologically young Baltic Sea imply genetic drift, whether by founder effect (sweepstake colonization from Iceland) or by refugial bottlenecking during the Ancylus phase of the Baltic Basin after a direct connection to the White Sea had been sequestered. Continued genetic drift is emphasized by lower heterozygosity in the ecologically unstable Belt Sea compared to the central Baltic. Allozymes falsify the reduced-mutability hypothesis to explain bradytelic evolution of Priapulida. Regional genetic homogeneity, ample polymorphism, and preference for anoxic black mud qualify H. spinulosus populations as indicators of microevolutionary responses to water circulation regimes or pollution in the Baltic Sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 32 (1999), S. 83-99 
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: bromine oxide ; OClO ; stratosphere ; mid-latitudes ; remote sensing ; UV absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Zenith sky observations of BrO over Bremen (53°N) are reported for the period of September 1994 to January 1996. BrO differential slant columns between 90° and 80° solar zenith angle showed a strong seasonal variation between a winter maximum of 1.9·1014 molec/cm2 and a summer minimum of 0.6·1014 molec/cm2. The seasonal variation in BrO twilight values is shown to be inversely correlated with NO2 columns in agreement with current knowledge of gas phase chemistry of bromine. In contrast to model predictions, no significant difference between morning and evening BrO measurements was observed. During a 6 day polar vortex excursion to mid-latitudes OClO could be measured above Bremen indicating chlorine activation in the vortex air. No significant increase in BrO differential slant columns was detected during this time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 26 (1997), S. 93-108 
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: bromine oxide ; stratosphere ; midlatitudes ; remote sensing ; UV absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Observations of stratospheric BrO over Bremen (53°N) are reported for winter and early spring periods of 1993 and 1993/94. The BrO was observed by ground-based near-UV absorption spectroscopy of sunlight scattered in the zenith. Differential slant column densities for solar zenith angles 90°/80° in the range of9× 1013 (detection limit) to 4.5×1014 molecules/cm2 having a high day-to-day variability were found. For the majority of the measurements no significant difference was observed between the morning and evening behaviour of BrO. Exceptions are the morning measurements from the winter of 1992/93 where an accelerated production of BrO was observed. We believe the latter best to be explained by the early morning rapid photolysis of elevated amounts of photo-labile Br-reservoirs formed during the night. The largest differential slant column densities of BrO were measured in December 1993 when the temperatures at 30 hPa dropped below 205 K. This might be an indication of heterogeneous conversion of bromine compounds on sulfate and other aerosols.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The feeding and defecation behaviour of the surgeonfish Ctenochaetus striatus was investigated at Ras Mohammed National Park (South Sinai, Red Sea). The fish feed on coral rock mainly by sweeping loose sediment with their flexible broom like teeth into their mouths. Feeding occurred exclusively on coral rock, but defecation took place only outside the grazing area above sand in small, precisely defined areas.Keywords: Red Sea, Defecation behaviour, Ctenochaetus striatus, Sediment export
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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