Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Part I Soil Definition -- Chapter 1 Soil as a System: A History -- 1.1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.2. SOIL AS AN INDEPENDENT BODY -- 1.3. SOIL AS A SYSTEM -- 1.4. SOIL AS A SPATIAL SYSTEM -- 1.5. SOIL AS AN INTERDEPENDENT SYSTEM -- 1.6. PROSPECT -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part II Soil History -- Chapter 2 Soils, Chemical Weathering, and Climate Change in Earth History -- 2.1. INTRODUCTION -- 2.2. PRECAMBRIAN EON (4.55-0.54 GA) -- 2.3. PHANEROZOIC EON (540 MA TO PRESENT) -- 2.4. MESOZOIC -- 2.5. CENOZOIC -- 2.6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part III Soil Formation Processes -- Chapter 3 Soil Formation, Vegetation Growth, and Water Balance: A Theory for Budyko -- 3.1. INTRODUCTION -- 3.2. HYPOTHESIS -- 3.3. THEORETICAL APPROACH AND STEADY STATERESTRICTIONS -- 3.4. COMPARISONS WITH DATA -- 3.5. DISCUSSION AND POTENTIAL STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENT -- 3.6. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 Earthworms, Plants, and Soils -- 4.1. PLANTS AND EARTHWORMS ARE ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS -- 4.2. PLANTS AND EARTHWORMS ARE IMPLIED IN SOIL FORMATION -- 4.3. PLANTS AND EARTHWORMS CONTRIBUTE TO SOIL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES -- 4.4. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 Tephra for the Trees? Geochemical Constraints on Weathering and Tephra Inputs to Soils on New Zealand's North Island -- 5.1. INTRODUCTION -- 5.2. FIELD SITE -- 5.3. METHODS -- 5.4. RESULTS -- 5.5. FORWARD MODEL AND MODEL RESULTS -- 5.6. DISCUSSION -- 5.7. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 The Origin and Formation of Clay Minerals in Alpine Soils -- 6.1. THE ORIGIN OF CLAYS IN SOILS -- 6.2. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND CLAY FORMATION -- 6.3. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES. , Part IV Application of Chemical Weathering/Soil Formation in Other Disciplines -- Chapter 7 Weathering Rinds as Tools for Constraining Reaction Kinetics and Duration of Weathering at the Clast-Scale -- 7.1. INTRODUCTION -- 7.2. WEATHERING RINDS AS TOOLS FOR CALIBRATED AGE DATING -- 7.3. CASE STUDIES -- 7.4. VARIABLES INFLUENCING WEATHERING RIND THICKNESS -- 7.5. THE CORE-RIND BOUNDARY AND INCIPIENT CHEMICAL WEATHERING -- 7.6. CHEMICAL AND MINERALOGIC PROPERTIES -- 7.7. PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ACROSS THE CORE-RIND BOUNDARY -- 7.8. DIFFUSION MODEL OF WEATHERING RIND DEVELOPMENT -- 7.9. QUANTIFYING THE DURATION OF WEATHERING -- 7.10. WEATHERING ADVANCE RATES ACROSS PRECIPITATION GRADIENTS -- 7.11. SUMMARY POINTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 Unraveling Loess Records of Climate Change from the Chinese Loess Plateau Using Process-Based Models -- 8.1. INTRODUCTION -- 8.2. GLOBAL-CHANGE RESPONSIVE MODELS OF SOIL FORMATION -- 8.3. SOILGEN-LOVECLIM: A SUITABLE COMBINATION FOR GLOBAL CHANGE STUDIES IN LOESS SOILS -- 8.4. ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 Relations Between Soil Development and Landslides -- 9.1. INTRODUCTION -- 9.2. HOW SOILS INCREASE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO LANDSLIDES -- 9.3. SOIL DEVELOPMENT -- 9.4. HOW LANDSLIDES AFFECT SOIL DEVELOPMENT -- 9.5. SOIL-LANDSLIDE FEEDBACKS AND LANDSLIDE PATH-DEPENDENCE -- 9.6. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10A Soils in Agricultural Engineering: Effect of Land-Use Management Systems on Mechanical Soil Processes -- 10A.1. INTRODUCTION -- 10A.2. MECHANICAL PROCESSES IN SOILS -- 10A.3. EFFECT OF STRESS APPLICATION ON CHANGES IN ECOLOGICAL SOIL FUNCTIONS -- 10A.4. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10B Soil Strength and Carbon Sequestration -- 10B.1. INTRODUCTION -- 10B.2. PROCESSES OF SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION -- 10B.3. SEQUESTRATION OF SOIL INORGANIC CARBON. , 10B.4. RESTORING SOIL PROPERTIES THROUGH ECO-EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT -- 10B.5. TECHNICAL AND ACTUAL RATE OF SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION -- 10B.6. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS OF THE UNITED NATIONS -- 10B.7. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Part V Integrated Studies of Soils -- Chapter 11 Chemical Weathering in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica -- 11.1. INTRODUCTION -- 11.2. STUDY AREA -- 11.3. FLUVIAL EROSION/DENUDATION -- 11.4. SOILS -- 11.5. SHALLOW GROUNDWATER SEEPS AND WATER TRACKS -- 11.6. STREAMS -- 11.7. WEATHERING PROCESSES -- 11.8. IMPLICATIONS OF MELTING BURIED ICE -- 11.9. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 Carbon and Nutrient Fluxes Within Southeastern Piedmont Critical Zones -- 12.1. INTRODUCTION -- 12.2. METHODS -- 12.3. RESULTS -- 12.4. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13 Is This Steady State? Weathering and Critical Zone Architecture in Gordon Gulch, Colorado Front Range -- 13.1. INTRODUCTION -- 13.2. STUDY LOCATION -- 13.3. CRITICAL ZONE ARCHITECTURE -- 13.4. DISCUSSION -- 13.5. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14 Where Are We and Where Are We Going? Pedogenesis Through Chemical Weathering, Hydrologic Fluxes, and Bioturbation -- 14.1. WHAT AND WHERE IS SOIL PHYSICALLY, HYDROLOGICALLY, CHEMICALLY, BIOLOGICALLY, CONCEPTUALLY, AND SCIENTIFICALLY? -- 14.2. SOIL-FORMING FACTORS AND SOIL PRODUCTION -- CONNECTIONS WITH GEOMORPHOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY -- 14.3. HUMAN IMPACTS AND RELEVANCE TO HUMAN SOCIETY -- 14.4. WHERE IS SOIL AS A DISCIPLINE? -- 14.5. RESEARCH DIRECTIONS, NETWORKS, AND FOUNDATIONAL SUPPORT: CURRENT AND FUTURE -- 14.6. WAYS FORWARD -- REFERENCES -- Index -- EULA.