Keywords:
Forests and forestry -- Social aspects.
;
Forests and forestry -- Environmental aspects.
;
Sustainable forestry.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
This book provides a broad-ranging textbook on the relationships between forests and society. It discusses the ways in which society can interact with forest landscapes without adversely affecting their sustainability. Topics covered include attitudes to, and uses of forests, the creation of today's forest landscapes, the impact of humans on forests, and forest sustainability and human health. The book also examines emerging issues in forestry such as possible solutions to balancing societies' needs with forest sustainability, managing forests in the urban-wildland interface, and the impact of illegal logging. It is packed with real-world case studies from the USA, Australia, Bolivia, Botswana, Canada, China, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mexico, Nepal, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Thailand.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (355 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9781845931117
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=776561
DDC:
333.75
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Contents -- Contributing Authors -- Foreword -- Introduction -- 1. Historical Perceptions and Uses of Forests -- The History of Reverence for the Forest -- The History of Fear and the Forest -- History of Forest Exploitation -- Forests and the formation of early civilizations -- European colonization and industrialization period (1200-1700 CE) -- Wooden Ships, Colonization and Controlling Access to Wood -- The Period of Forest Loss and Exploitation in North America (1770-1960 CE) -- Conservation and Regulations of Forest Uses -- Ancient civilizations (2500 BCE-700 CE) -- The Middle Ages and monks in Europe begin active forest management (500-1500 CE) -- The Portuguese audit forest uses: the roots of forest certification (1200-1300 CE) -- France becomes a dominant sea and economic power in Europe: building a navy while vigilant over forests (1665-1683 CE) -- French introduce scientific knowledge into forest reserves to reduce soil erosion (early to late 1700s CE) -- Forestry becomes a systematic science and a profession: links among German forestry, sustainable teak management in India, university training of professional foresters and the United States conservation movement (1850-mid 1900s CE) -- The maturation of models to conserve forests (1850-1900 CE) -- The role of the United States government in forestry (1900 CE to present) -- Search for Forest Resources and Scarcity after Over-exploitation at Regional Scales -- Global Scarcity Acknowledged in the Twentieth Century but also the Need for Verification of Sustainable Management of Forests -- A Trend towards More Intensive Management and Planting of Exotic Species in Commercially Managed Forests -- Case 1.1. A History of Forest Protected Areas -- 2. Global Societies and Forest Legacies Creating Today's Forest Landscapes -- Human Uses of Terrestrial Global Systems.
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Characteristics of Forest Biomes Determined their Utility for Human Survival in the Past -- Where are Forests in the World Today? -- Current Global Consumptive Uses of Forest Materials -- Fuel wood -- Paper products -- Industrial round wood -- What is the Current Capacity for Sustainable Production of Goods and Services from Forests, Given Past Human Uses? -- Forest Supply Capacity Increases by Linking Forests to Energy Production -- Case 2.1. Nepal, Community Forests and Rural Sustainability -- Case 2.2. The Impact of Indigenous People on Oak-Pine Forests of the Central Himalaya -- Case 2.3. Dead-wood Politics: Fuel Wood, Forests and Society in the Machu Picchu Historic Sanctuary -- Case 2.4. Icelanders and their Forest History: a Thousand-year-old Human and Nature History Controlling Resilience and Species Composition in Forests Today -- 3. Human Dimensions of Forests: Democratization and Globalization of Forest Uses -- Introduction -- The Definition of Best Management Practices Changes as Public Values Change -- Democratization of Forest Management and Uses: a Phenomenon in Industrialized Countries -- Democratization of decision-making in forests: the United States example -- The rise of environmentalism and conservation contributing to the democratization of forest uses -- Globalization of Forest Management and Uses -- Ecological Constraints on Society Dependent on Survival from Resource Extraction from Forests -- The ecological constraints of the tropics for humans -- International perceptions: a product of fallacies and misunderstanding of tropical forests -- Solutions introduced by international organizations for the tropics -- Forest products uses in the tropics: are they sustainable? -- Case 3.1. Debt-for-nature Swaps, Forest Conservation and the Bolivian Landscape.
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Case 3.2. Cattle, Wildlife and Fences: Natural Disaster and Man-made Conflict in Northern Botswana -- Case 3.3. Forest Communities in China and Thailand -- Case 3.4. Indian Forest: Land in Trust -- Case 3.5. Forest Management and Indigenous Peoples in Western Canada -- 4. Ecology and Conservation of Forests -- Introduction: the Interconnectivities of Forest Ecosystems -- One Tree is Not Just Like the Next Tree in an Ecosystem: Terminology, Taxonomy and Regeneration Trade-offs -- The terminology and taxonomy of trees -- The trade-offs of being a gymnosperm or an angiosperm -- Key Processes that Interconnect Organisms in Forest Ecosystems -- Plants capturing carbon from the atmosphere -- Minerals and water interconnect different organisms in an ecosystem -- Intra- and interspecific interactions -- Environmental Change and Succession -- Why we should care about climate change -- Natural ecosystem dynamics: succession in forests -- Biodiversity: the Glue that Holds Ecosystems Together -- What is biodiversity? -- Why is biodiversity relevant? -- Challenges in conserving biodiversity -- Case 4.1. Mycorrhizal Symbioses in Forest Ecosystems: the Ties that Bind -- Case 4.2. Small Mammals and their Relationship to Forests in the Pacific North-west United States -- Case 4.3. Puerto Rico and Hawaii: the Dilemma of Coqui Frog Conservation or Eradication in Wet Tropical Forests -- Case 4.4. Malaria and Land Modifications in the Kenyan Highlands -- Case 4.5. Salmon: Fish of the Forest -- 5. Human and Natural Disturbances Impacting Forests -- Introduction -- Recognition that Natural Disturbances Need to Occur -- Forest Health -- Forest Declines -- Forest Disturbance Agents -- Natural disturbance agents -- Human disturbance agents -- Influence of Disturbance Agents on Forests -- Influence of fire and wind: a United States example.
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The influence of introduced plants, pathogens and insects on forest health -- The influence of air pollution on forest health -- Effects of acid precipitation -- Influence of wars -- Disturbances in Forests and Human Health -- Specific environmental factors causing spread of contagious diseases -- Case 5.1. Kudzu -- Case 5.2. Acid Rain, Air Pollution and Forest Decline -- Case 5.3. Wildfire in the Boreal Forests of Alaska -- Case 5.4. Habitat Fragmentation and Disease Ecology: the Case of Lyme Disease -- 6. Forests and the Carbon Cycle -- Introduction -- Carbon Cycle -- The carbon cycle interconnects global processes -- Carbon pools in the global carbon cycle -- Forests as Interconnectors of the Carbon Cycle -- Trees as carbon interconnectors in ecosystems -- Forest age, tree species and carbon sequestration -- Why carbon accumulates in the soil -- Today managing the carbon storage pools in vegetation and soils is insufficient to allow forests to provide services and goods for society -- The Importance of Managing the Carbon Cycle and Mitigating Climate Change by Managing Plant Chemistry -- Tissue components: complex carbon compounds used in structure and function -- Decomposition (and composting): converting complex carbon compounds into their molecular forms -- Natural Patterns of Storing and Cycling of Carbon by Forest Soils and Vegetation -- Natural patterns of carbon storage by forest climatic types -- Natural patterns of carbon storage capacity in soils -- The Altered Carbon Cycle due to Global Climate Change and the Connection to Forests -- How can Society Manage Carbon in Forests? -- Fossil-fuel combustion significant source of atmospheric carbon emissions and why climate-friendly forestry has a strong future -- New role for forest materials to produce energy and chemical commodities -- Global Management of Carbon.
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UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol -- Case 6.1. Measuring Carbon in Forests Using High-resolution Digital Imagery -- Case 6.2. Carbon Sequestration in a Boreal Forest in Iceland: Effects of Native and Exotic Species -- 7. Emerging Issues in Forests -- Continuing Challenge for Sustainability: Linking the Social and Natural Sciences and Codifying Indicators -- Developing a natural and social science for sustainable management of forests -- Understanding sustainable forestry as a natural science -- Indicators of sustainable forestry -- Start of forest certification: difficulty of codifying acceptable indicators of sustainability that integrate the social and natural sciences -- A Challenge: Codification and Consensus in Measuring Sustainable Forestry -- Sustainable livelihoods dissociated from sustainable management -- What do communities in the industrialized and developing countries want from certification? -- Issues still confronting forest certification today -- A New Challenge to Sustainable Forestry: Managing Urban Forests and Reducing Deforestation at the Urban-Wild-land Interface -- Another New Challenge to Sustainable Forestry: Illegal Timber Harvesting -- A Solution for Sustainable Forestry: Manage Biomass Wastes to Produce Energy Sustainably -- Biomass wastes: trash in industrialized countries but income in many developing countries -- Biomass wastes - a disposal problem -- Is there enough biomass available to produce new products? -- Products possible from biomass -- New products from forest biomass that are climate-friendly technologies -- A Solution for the Future: Integrating Lessons Learned in Conservation and Sustainable Forestry -- Conservation literature calls for evaluations and improved accountability -- Linking conservation and resource uses not a global trend and sustainable forestry not being practised where needed.
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Case 7.1. Restoration of Degraded Rainforest Sites in the Wet Tropics of North-east Australia.
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