Keywords:
Environmental chemistry.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
Reflecting the growing volume of published work in this field, researchers will find this book an invaluable source of information on current methods and applications.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (214 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9781847555984
Series Statement:
Issn Series
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=1185488
DDC:
574.5/2
Language:
English
Note:
Environmental Chemistry -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Stable Isotope Studies and Biological Element Cycling -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Carbon -- Biological Cycling -- 3 Sulphur -- Biological Cycling -- 4 Nitrogen -- Biological Cycling -- 5 Hydrogen -- 6 Oxygen -- 7 General Conclusions -- Chapter 2 Environmental Organic Chemistry of Rivers and Lakes, Both Water and Sediment -- 1 Introduction -- Economic Significance -- Nature of the Freshwater Environment -- 2 Sources of Organic Matter -- 3 Organic Matter in Water -- Particulate Fraction -- Dissolved Organic Matter -- Simple Lipids -- Carbohydrates -- Organic Nitrogen Compounds -- Vitamins -- Compounds Responsible for Odours in Waters -- Coloured Organic Substances -- Release of Dissolved Organic Material -- 4 Organic Matter in Sediments -- Hydrocarbons -- Fatty Acids -- Alcohols and Sterols -- Ketones -- Carbohydrates -- Amino-acids -- Pigments -- Sedimentary Humus -- 5 Organophosphorus Compounds in Water and Sediments -- 6 Chemical Pollution of the Aquatic Environment -- Pesticides -- Stability and Fate of Pesticides -- Industrial and Domestic Pollutants and Sewage Effluents -- Organic Mercury Derivatives -- 7 Stability of Organic Matter in Aquatic Environments -- Steady-state Model of the Environment -- 8 Stable Carbon Isotope Distribution -- Chapter 3 Environmental Organic Chemistry of Bogs, Marshes, and Swamps -- 1 Introduction: Characteristics of Wetland Environments -- 2 Some Ecological Aspects -- 3 Water in Peats -- 4 Organic-Inorganic Interactions in Peats -- Ion-Exchange Behaviour -- Trace Elements -- Sulphur -- 5 Organic Constituents of Wetland Peats -- Phenols and Humic Acids -- Alkanes, Fatty Acids, and Sterols -- Amino-Acids -- Carbohydrates -- 6 The Effect of Human Activities on Wetland Environments -- 7 The Preservation of Organic Matter in Wetlands.
,
Chapter 4 Environmental Organic Chemistry of Oceans, Fjords, and Anoxic Basins -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Waters -- Organic Carbon -- Lipids -- Fatty Acids -- Hydrocarbons -- Sterols -- Amino-acids -- Carbohydrates -- Vitamins -- 3 Sediments -- Lipids -- Amino-acids -- Carbohydrates -- Pigments -- Humic Acids -- Vitamins -- 4 Anoxic Basins and Fjords -- 5 Water-Atmosphere Interface -- 6 Water-Sediment Interface -- Microbial Activity -- Sediment-Soluble Organic Compounds Associations -- Chapter 5 Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Origin of Hydrocarbons -- Biosynthesis -- Geochemical Processes -- Anthropogenic Inputs -- 3 Analysis of Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Biosynthesized Hydrocarbons -- Comparison of the Composition of Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Biosynthesized Hydrocarbons -- Petroleum Hydrocarbons -- n-Alkanes -- Branched alkanes -- Cycloalkanes (naphthenes) -- Aromatic hydrocarbons -- Alkenes (olefins) -- Recently Biosyntliesized or Native Hydrocarbons -- n-Alkanes -- Branched alkanes -- Alkenes (olefins) -- Cycloalkanes and cycloalkenes -- Aromatic hydrocarbons -- Summary -- Characteristics of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Useful for Detecting Petroleum Contamination -- Sampling and Analysis -- Sample Contamination -- Intercalibration and Comparison of Data -- Extraction -- Saponification -- Separation of Hydrocarbons from other Lipids -- Analysis of Hydrocarbons -- Infrared Spectrometry -- U.v. absorption and u.v. fluorescence spectrometry -- Gas chromatography -- Mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry -- Computer-interfaced mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry -- Quantification -- Application of the methods of analysis -- Reporting results of analyses -- 4 Distribution of Hydrocarbons -- Marine Organisms -- Sea-water -- 'Tarballs' and Tar Particles -- Slicks -- Surface Sediments.
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Marine Atmosphere -- Concentrations of Hydrocarbons in Sea-water, Sediments, and Organisms -- Sea-water -- Organisms -- Sediments -- Oil-polluted samples -- Processes Controlling the Distribution of Hydrocarbons -- Physical-chemical -- Biological -- 5 Fate of Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment -- Incorporation into Sediments -- Transfer to the Atmosphere -- Biochemical Alteration -- 6 Oil spills -- 7 Summary -- Chapter 6 The Fate of DDT and PCB's in the Marine Environment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Laboratory Studies of Biological Degradation of DDT and PCB's -- Aquatic Plants -- Fish -- Micro-organisms -- 3 Transport of DDT and PCB's to the Marine Environment -- Transport -- Sewage Sludge -- 4 Distribution of DDT and PCB's in the Marine Environment -- Sea-water -- Sea Surface -- Organisms -- 5 Uptake of Pesticide Residues by Organisms -- Laboratory Studies -- Biological Magnification -- Field Studies -- 6 Analysis of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons -- Chapter 7 Environmental Organic Chemistry of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Synthesis -- 3 Distribution of 2,4-D in the Environment -- Plants -- Animals -- 4 Fate of 2,4-D in the Environment -- Plants -- Soil -- Water -- 5 Analysis -- Extraction -- Isolation -- Quantitative Estimation -- 6 Conclusion -- Author Index.
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