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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Milton :Taylor & Francis Group,
    Keywords: Surface Properties. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Exploring the basic mechanical principles of bone-related research and mechanical testing of bone specimens, this book has 42 chapters divided into three major sections that cover general mechanical properties, instrumentation, facilities, mechanical testing for bone, and mechanical testing for implants. The coverage is concise as well as inclusive and more practical than theoretical. There are approximately three hundred illustrations, including line drawings, diagrams, tables, and photographs. This book is the most concise, straightforward, yet in-depth treatment of the topic ever published.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (650 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781420073560
    DDC: 617.4/71
    Language: English
    Note: Front cover -- Foreword -- Preface -- The Editors -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Section I: General Considerations -- Chapter 1. Basic Composition and Structure of Bone -- Chapter 2. Basic Concepts of Mechanical Property Measurement and Bone Biomechanics -- Chapter 3. Mechanical Properties of Bone -- Chapter 4. Factors Affecting Mechanical Properties of Bone -- Chapter 5. Basic Facilities and Instruments for Mechanical Testing of Bone -- Chapter 6. Methods of Evaluation for Bone Dimensions, Densities, Contents, Morphology, and Structures -- Chapter 7. General Considerations of Mechanical Testing -- Chapter 8. A Hierarchical Approach to Exploring Bone Mechanical Properties -- Chapter 9. Nondestructive Mechanical Testing of Cancellous Bone -- Chapter 10. Synthetic Materials and Structures Used as Models for Bone -- Section II: Methods of Mechanical Testing of Bone -- Chapter 11. Tensile and Compression Testing of Bone -- Chapter 12. Bending Tests of Bone -- Chapter 13. Torsional Testing of Bone -- Chapter 14. Indentation Testing of Bone -- Chapter 15. Penetration Testing of Bone Using an Osteopenetrometer -- Chapter 16. Microhardness Testing of Bone -- Chapter 17. Nanoindentation Testing of Bone -- Chapter 18. Single Osteon Micromechanical Testing -- Chapter 19. Micromechanical Testing of Single Trabeculae -- Chapter 20. Strain Gauge Measurements from Bone Surfaces -- Chapter 21. Screw Pullout Test for Evaluating Mechanical Properties of Bone -- Chapter 22. Viscoelastic Properties of Bone and Testing Methods -- Chapter 23. Observation of Material Failure Mode Using a SEM with a Built-In Mechanical Testing Device -- Chapter 24. Ultrasonic Methods for Evaluating Mechanical Properties of Bone -- Chapter 25. Evaluating Mechanical Properties of Bone Using Scanning Acoustic Microscopy. , Chapter 26. Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography for Evaluating Structural and Mechanical Properties of Small Bone -- Chapter 27. Computer Modeling for Evaluating Trabecular Bone Mechanics -- Section III: Methods of Mechanical Testing of the Bone-Implant Interface -- Chapter 28. Factors Affecting the Strength of the Bone-Implant Interface -- Chapter 29. Implant Pushout and Pullout Tests -- Chapter 30. The Validity of a Single Pushout Test -- Chapter 31. Tensile Testing of Bone-Implant Interface -- Chapter 32. Fracture Toughness Tests of the Bone-Implant Interface -- Chapter 33. In Vitro Measurements of Implant Stability -- Chapter 34. In Vitro Testing of the Stability of Acetabular Components -- Chapter 35. In Vitro Testing of the Stability of Femoral Components -- Chapter 36. Screw Pullout Testing -- Chapter 37. Finite Element Analysis for Evaluating Mechanical Properties of the Bone-Implant Interface -- Chapter 38. Fatigue Testing of Bioabsorbable Screws in a Synthetic Bone Substrate -- Chapter 39. Testing Intervertebral Stability after Spinal Fixation -- Appendix 1: Unit Conversions -- Appendix 2: Useful Journals and Books on Bone Mechanics -- Index -- Back cover.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of prosthodontics 9 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1532-849X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the volumetric cutting rates of 6 cylindrical-shaped single-patient-use and 2 cylindrical-shaped multiple-patient-use diamond burs using a machinable ceramic material. The degree of wear among burs from each type was also compared using scanning electron microscopy.Materials and Methods Six types of single-patient-use diamond burs and 2 types of multiple-patient-use diamond burs with similar cylindrical shape and dimensions were selected. Five burs of each type were evaluated using a high-speed handpiece mounted on a custom testing device. Using a 6-mm cutting length of each bur, 20 cuts, each 12.2-mm long, were made at exactly one half the diameter of the bur. Mean volumetric cutting rate through the ceramic substrate for Cuts 1 through 20 was calculated for each bur type in cubic millimeters prepared per second. A repeated measures analysis of variance (α= 0.05) and post hoc one-way analysis of variance with Scheffé's test was used to compare cutting rates among bur types for Cuts 2, 10, and 20. The topography of one bur from each group was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy after Cut 2 and again after Cut 20.Results For Cut 2, the mean cutting rates ranged from 3.3 to 5.3 mm3/s. The mean cutting rates for all bur types decreased approximately 20% by Cut 20. Bur type and length of use significantly influenced cutting rate (p 〈 .002). However, only one type of single-patient-use diamond bur had a significantly lower mean cutting rate after Cuts 2, 10, and 20, compared with other single- and multiple-patient-use diamond burs. Scanning electron microscopy showed all burs exhibited wear of diamond particles, as well as loss of diamond particles and binder.Conclusions Five of six single-patient-use diamond burs had mean volumetric cutting rates through a ceramic that were similar to 2 multiple-patient-use diamonds for as many as 20 cuts. The gradual reduction in cutting rate during the 20 cuts for all bur types was a result of bur wear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of prosthodontics 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1532-849X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Custom impression trays are necessary for accurate impressions in fixed prosthodontics when using polysulfide impression materials. These custom impression trays are needed to provide for a uniform thickness of impression material to minimize distortion. Custom impression trays have historically been made from acrylic resin. New materials have been developed as alternatives to acrylic resin, and this study evaluates one product currently available that is composed of polycaprolaitone. This study evaluates the modulus of elasticity of polycaprolaitone as compared with acrylic resin, and also evaluates the amount of permanent deformation of the new material when placed under a load. The elastic modulus of polycaprolaitone was tested using three-point bending of specimens placed in a universal mechanical test system. The elastic modulus of the new material was found to be significantly lower than that of acrylic resin. The next test evaluated the amount of permanent deformation of the polycaprolaitone material when specimens approximating the shape and size of custom impression trays were placed under a load. These trays were placed in a universal mechanical test system and differing loads were placed on them. Results showed that although the trays deformed at relatively low loads, all deformation was fully recovered within a clinically insignificant period of time (less than 30 seconds). From these experiments it was concluded that although the polycaprolaitone material has a lower modulus of elasticity and will deform under relatively low loads, the material recovers completely, and thus the deformation would not interfere with the clinical performance of polycaprolaitone as a custom tray material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to compare hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated titanium (Ti) and HA-coated cobalt-chrome (CoCr) implants in the distal femur of the rabbit by evaluating bone apposition and interfacial shear strength. Bilateral cylindrical implants with a plasma sprayed 50-m̈m thick HA coating were press-fit into the metaphyseal cancellous bone of the lateral femoral condyles in a transverse fashion, and the animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks postimplantation. Mechanical strength of the interface between HA and bone was measured using the pushout method. For histologic analysis, the fractional linear extent of bone apposition was quantitated. No differences were found in the interfacial shear strength between the Ti and CoCr at any time period. The amount of bone apposition increased significantly at each time interval for both substrate metals, but there were no significant differences between the two substrates at any of the time periods studied. The HA-coated CoCr implants performed in a similar manner to the HA-coated Ti implants, both mechanically and histologically, suggesting that HA-coated CoCr implants deserve further study as a viable alternative to Ti for the biological fixation of total joint components in orthopaedic surgery. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 28 (1994), S. 939-946 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: There are several reports in the literature concerning the similarities and the differences between the oxide on cpTi and Ti-6Al-4V alloy; however, their biological sequelae are not entirely known. In this work, a series of surface characterization techniques were used in conjunction with short term in vitro biological assays to assess the effects of materials selection (cpTi and Ti alloy) on osteoblast-like cell responses. Surface analysis indicated that with the exception of oxide thickness, there were no significant differences in surface characteristics between the two implant materials. These results were reflected in the biological studies, where the levels of cell attachment and adaptation of the attached cells to the titanium surfaces were similar. These results are in general agreement with previous in vivo studies and continue to indicate that cpTi and Ti alloy are suitable, biologically compatible materials for fabrication of dental implants. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In the oral environment, dental restorative materials are exposed to temperatures ranging from 10° to 50°C. Since the properties of many polymeric materials are sensitive to temperature of this magnitude, it is important to define the effects of service temperature on the mechanical properties of polymer matrix dental composites. Six commercial composites were tested in compression at 11 temperatures, ranging from 2° to 80°C. The volume fraction of filler particles in the materials is either 0.45 or 0.55, and they contain a range of particle sizes and particle compositions. The tests show that ultimate strength decreases linearly with increasing temperature. Strength is higher for the lower volume fraction material and is decreased by the presence of a small percentage of very large particles. Elastic modulus and yield strength decrease sigmoidally with increasing temperature and depend only on particle volume fraction. In the clinically significant temperature range, ultimate strength decreases 14%, the decrease in elastic modulus is either 6 or 11%, and the yield strength decreases 45%. The data show that the temperature conditions of the oral environment can significantly affect the mechanical properties of composite dental restorative materials.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 21 (1987), S. 629-642 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The double-torsion test technique was used to study slow crack propagation in a set of dental composite resins including two glass-filled and two microfilled materials. The microstructure within each pair was the same but one of the resins was self-curved and the other photocured. The fracture behavior was dependent on the filler concentration and the presence of absorbed water. Wet materials fractured by slow crack growth in the range of crack velocity studied (10-7 to 10-3 m/s), and the microfilled composites, which contain a lower concentration of inorganic filler, had lower stress intensity factors (K1c) than the glass-filled composites tested. Dry specimens of the microfilled materials and the selfcured, glass-filled composite also showed unstable, stick-slip fracture behavior indicative of a crack blunting mechanism which leads to an elevation of the stress intensity factor for crack initiation over K1c for stable crack growth. The plasticizing effect of water increased the viscoelastic response of the materials measured by the slope of curves of slow crack growth. Analysis of fracture surfaces showed that cracks propagated at low velocities (10-7 to 10-5 m/s) by the apparent failure of the filler/matrix interfacial bond, and absorbed water affected the strength or fracture resistance of the interface. At high crack velocities the properties of the composite depend on the properties of the polymeric matrix, the filler, and the filler volume fraction, but at low velocities the interface is the controlling factor in the durability of these composites exposed to an aqueous environment.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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