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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of a green fluorescent protein gene as a reporter in Zymomonas mobilis and Halomonas elongata (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 201 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We investigated the applicability of the green fluorescent protein of Aequorea victoria as a reporter for gene expression in the strictly fermentative Gram-negative ethanologenic bacterium Zymomonas mobilis and in the moderately halophilic bacterium Halomonas elongata. We have succeeded to express a mutated gene of green fluorescent protein under the control of different promoters in Z. mobilis and H. elongata grown under various glucose or salt concentrations, respectively. Our results demonstrate that gfp can serve as an easily assayable reporter gene in both organisms. Maximum fluorescence was obtained in Z. mobilis grown aerobically and in H. elongata grown under elevated salt concentration in solid medium. For both bacteria the fluorescence obtained was higher when the gfp gene was placed under the control of a native promoter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10760.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a promoter region on the Halomonas elongata cryptic plasmid pHE1 employing the inaZ reporter gene of Pseudomonas syringae (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 154 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A native promoter located on the cryptic plasmid pHE1 from the moderate halophile Halomonas elongata was identified employing a promoterless ice nucleation gene inaZ of Pseudomonas syringae by direct subcloning and assaying for ice nucleation activity. The presence of the promoter was verified by inserting the corresponding intact or deleted pHE1 fragment in the promoter analysis vector pKK232-8 upstream of the promoterless cat or inaZ gene. Only constructs carrying the intact pHE1 fragment gave CAT phenotype (chloramphenicol resistance) or ice nucleation activity, respectively. Comparative evaluation of the sequence analysis data of the intact and deleted fragment suggested the localization of an Escherichia coli-type promoter region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12622.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A classification scheme for mobilization regions of bacterial plasmids (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 28 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Transmissible plasmids can be classified according to their mobilization ability, as being conjugative (self-transmissible) or mobilizable (transmissible only in the presence of additional conjugative functions). Naturally occurring mobilizable plasmids carry the genetic information necessary for relaxosome formation and processing, but lack the functions required for mating pair formation. Mobilizable plasmids have a tremendous impact in horizontal gene transfer in nature, including the spread of antibiotic resistance. However, analysis of their promiscuity and diversity has attracted less attention than that of conjugative plasmids. This review will focus on the analysis of the diversity of mobilizable plasmids. For this purpose, we primarily compared the amino acid sequences of their relaxases and, when pertinent, we compared these enzymes with conjugative plasmid relaxases. In this way, we established phylogenetic relationships among the members of each superfamily. We conducted a database and literature analysis that led us to propose a classification system for small mobilizable plasmids in families and superfamilies according to their mobilization regions. This review outlines the genetic organization of each family of mobilization regions, as well as the most relevant properties and relationships among their constituent encoded proteins. In this respect, the present review constitutes a first approach to the characterization of the global gene pool of mobilization regions of small mobilizable plasmids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsre.2003.09.001
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural diversity of the triterpenic hydrocarbons from the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis: the signature of defective squalene cyclization by the squalene/hopene cyclase (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 199 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Twelve polycyclic triterpenic hydrocarbons (α- and γ-polypodatetraenes, dammara-20(21),24-diene, 17-isodammara-12,24-diene, eupha-7,24-diene, hop-17(21)-ene, neohop-13(18)-ene, 17-isodammara-20(21),24-diene, neohop-12-ene, fern-8-ene, diploptene and hop-21-ene) were detected in the hydrocarbon fraction from the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis. Some of them have never been reported from bacteria. These triterpenes were present in Z. mobilis in significant amounts, comparable to those of diploptene, which is usually the major triterpenic hydrocarbon in hopanoid-producing bacteria. The occurrence of such compounds confirms the lack of specificity of bacterial squalene cyclases and the possibility of alternative cyclization routes induced by the existence in the cyclization process of intermediate carbocations of sufficient lifetime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10682.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic and biochemical characterization of MbeA, the relaxase involved in plasmid ColE1 conjugative mobilization (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 48 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: MbeA is a 60 kDa protein encoded by plasmid ColE1. It plays a key role in conjugative mobilization. MbeA*, a slightly truncated version of MbeA, was purified for in vitro analysis. MbeA* catalysed DNA cleavage and strand-transfer reactions using oligonucleotides embracing the ColE1 nic site, which was mapped to 5′-(1469)CTGG/CTTA(1462)-3′. Thus MbeA is the relaxase for ColE1 conjugal mobilization, in spite of the fact that it lacks a three histidine motif considered the invariant signature of conjugative relaxases. Amino acid sequence comparisons suggest MbeA is nevertheless related to the common relaxase protein family. For instance, MbeA residue Y19 could correspond to the invariant tyrosine in Motif I, whereas H97, E104 and N106 may constitute the equivalent residues to the histidine triad in Motif III. This hypothesis was tested by site-directed mutagenesis. MbeA amino acid residues Y19, H97, E104 and N106 were changed to alanine. MbeA mutant N106A showed reduced oligonucleotide cleavage and strand-transfer activities, whereas mutation in the other three residues resulted in proteins without detectable activity, suggesting they  are  directly  implicated  in  catalysis  of  DNA-cleavage and strand-transfer reactions. A double substitution of E104 and N106 by histidines, therefore reconstituting the canonical histidine triad, restored relaxase activities to 1% of wild type. Thus, MbeA is a    variant    of    the    common    relaxase    theme    with    a HEN signature motif, which has to be added to the canonical three histidine motif of previously reported relaxases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03441.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ethanol on the sterols of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 111 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ergosterol, lanosterol and two further unidentified sterols were detected and quantified in Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell extracts. In cells grown under anaerobic conditions, the levels of these sterols were dramatically reduced with a concomitant increase of their squaline precursor as compared with cells growing under aerobic conditions. Presence of ethanol resulted in a decrease in the sterol content under aerobic conditions. On the contrary, under anaerobic conditions presence of ethanol resulted in a three-fold increase of total sterols. Lanosterol was the main constituent of this elevation. It is suggested that lanosterol in parallel with unsaturated fatty acids is responsible for maintaining membrane integrity of S. pombe cells growing in the presence of ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06381.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards the characterization of squalene synthase activity in extracts of Zymomonas mobilis (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 140 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Extracts of Zymomonas mobilis in the presence of NADPH converted tritium-labelled farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) into squalene, resulting from the activity of squalene synthase, as well as diploptene and diplopterol, derived from further squalene cyclisation. An unidentified isoprenoid representing up to 70% of the conversion products of FPP and different from presqualene alcohol was also formed, even in the absence of NADPH. Addition of squalestatin 1, an inhibitor of squalene synthase, blocked biosynthesis from FPP of the three former triterpenes, in accordance with the role of squalene synthase in their formation, as well as that of the unknown compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08349.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and identification of the Aspergillus nidulans gdhA gene encoding NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase (1986)
    Springer
    Current genetics 10 (1986), S. 761-766 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Aspergillus nidulans ; Glutamate dehydrogenase ; Ammonium assimilation ; Fungal genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The Neurospora crassa am gene was used as a heterologous probe to identify clones from two independently constructed Aspergillus nidulans gene libraries. These clones have a common HindIII 1.85 kb fragment. This A. nidulans nucleotide stretch hybridises to a N. crassa 2.7 kb BamHI fragment of wild type DNA but not to a co-migrating fragment from the DNA of the N. crassa am132 deletion mutant. One A. nidulans clone was shown to complement the N. crasse am132 deletion strain. The N. crassa transformants show low levels (∼5%) of heterologous glutamate dehydrogenase activity. The A. nidulans gdhA gene was found to locate in N. crassa at both the “homologous” (i.e. am) site as well as non-nomologous sites. Partial nucleotide analysis of the fragment has revealed the 5′ end of the locus and considerable homology with the N. crassa am gene. We concluded that we have cloned the A. nidulans gdhA gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405099
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase ammonium-assimilating pathway in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1995)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 30 (1995), S. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Kinetic parameters of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (glutamineoxoglutarate aminotransferase) (GOGAT) activities, including initial velocity, pH, and temperature optima, as well as K m values, were estimated in Schizosaccharomyces pombe crude cell-free extracts. Five glutamine auxotrophic mutants of S. pombe were isolated following MNNG treatment. These were designated gln1-1,2,3,4,5, and their growth could be repaired only by glutamine. Mutants gln1-1,2,3,4,5 were found to lack GS activity, but retained wild-type levels of NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), NAD-GDH, and GOGAT. One further glutamine auxotrophic mutant, gln1-6, was isolated and found to lack both GS and GOGAT but retained wild-type levels of NADP-GDH and NAD-GDH activities. Fortuitously, this isolate was found to harbor an unlinked second mutation (designated gog1-1), which resulted in complete loss of GOGAT activity but retained wild-type GS activity. The growth phenotype of mutant gog1-1 (in the absence of the gln1-6 mutation) was found to be indistinguishable from the wild type on various nitrogen sources, including ammonium as a sole nitrogen source. Double-mutant strains containing gog1-1 and gdh1-1 or gdh2-1 (mutations that result specifically in the abolition of NADP-GDH activity) result in a complete lack of growth on ammonium as sole nitrogen source in contrast to gdh or gog mutants alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369864
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth requirements and the establishment of a chemically defined minimal medium inZymomonas mobilis (1985)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 7 (1985), S. 673-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A chemically defined minimal medium which fulfils the growth requirements of differentZymomonas mobilis strains has been established. The kinetics of ethanol production of the strains ATCC 10988, CU1, CP4 and 11163 grown on the minimal medium at different glucose concentrations were measured. All strains produced ethanol at rates similar to those on complete medium. The minimal medium described is suitable to study spontaneous metabolic deficiciencies and regulation of enzyme activities inZ.mobilis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01040208
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