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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photolysis of hydrogen selenide (1975)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 79 (1975), S. 771-775 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100575a002
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iron–silica interaction at extreme conditions and the electrically conducting layer at the base of Earth's mantle (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 422 (2003), S. 58-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The boundary between the Earth's metallic core and its silicate mantle is characterized by strong lateral heterogeneity and sharp changes in density, seismic wave velocities, electrical conductivity and chemical composition. To investigate the composition and properties of the lowermost ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01422
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Avoiding type III error in program evaluation - Results from a field experiment
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Evaluation and Program Planning 3 (1980), S. 269-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0149-7189
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology , Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0149-7189(80)90042-7
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal Shape Design of Blazed Diffraction Gratings (1999)
    Springer
    Applied mathematics & optimization 40 (1999), S. 61-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0606
    Keywords: Key words. Diffraction, Periodic structure, Optimal shape design. AMS Classification. 78A45, 49J20, 65K10, 49J50.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. The problem of designing a periodic interface between two materials in such a way that time-harmonic waves diffracted from the interface have a specified far-field pattern is studied. A minimization problem for the interface is formulated, and it is shown that solutions of constrained bounded variation exist. The differentiability of the cost functional is then studied, with no restrictions on the smoothness of the interface. Some computational issues are discussed, and finally the results of some numerical experiments are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002459900116
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental determination of Mn-Mg mixing properties in garnet, olivine and oxide (1994)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 115 (1994), S. 438-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We have measured the mixing properties of Mn-Mg olivine and Mn-Mg garnet at 1300° C from a combination of interphase partitioning experiments involving these phases, Pt-Mn alloys and Mn-Mg oxide solid solutions. Activity coefficients of Mn dilute in Pt-Mn alloys at 1300° C/1 atm were measured by equilibrating the alloy with MnO at known f O 2. Assuming that the log f O 2 of the Mn-MnO equilibrium under these conditions is-17.80 (Robie et al. 1978), we obtain for γMn: logγMn = −5.25 + 3.67 XMn + 11.41X2 Mn Mixing properties of (Mn,Mg)O were determined by reversing the Mn contents of the alloys in equilibrium with oxide at known f O 2. Additional constraints were obtained by measuring the maximum extent of immiscibility in (Mn,Mg)O at 800 and 750° C. The data are adequately described by an asymmetric (Mn,Mg)O solution with the following upper and lower limits on nonideality: (a) WMn = 19.9kj/Mol; WMg = 13.7kj/Mol; (b) WMn = 19.9kj/Mol; WMg = 8.2kj/Mol; Olivine-oxide partitioning was tightly bracketed at 1300° C and oxide properties used to obtain activity-composition relations for Mn-Mg olivine. Despite strong M2 ordering of Mn in olivine, the macroscopic properties are adequately described by a symmetric model with: Wol = 5.5 ± 2.5 kj/mol (1-site basis) Using these values for olivine, garnet-olivine partitioning at 27 kbar/1300° C leads to an Mn-Mg interaction parameter in garnet given by: Wgt = 1.5 ± 2.5kJ/mol (1-site basis) Garnet-olivine partitioning at 9 kbar/1000° C is consistent with the same extent of garnet nonideality and the apparent absence of excess volume on the pyrope-spessartine join indicates that any pressure-dependence of WGt must be small. If olivine and garnet properties are both treated as unknown and the garnet-olivine partitioning data alone used to derive WOl and WGt, by multiple linear regression, best-fit values of 6.16 and 1.44 kJ/mol. are obtained. These are in excellent agreement with the values derived from metal-oxide, oxide-olivine and olivine-garnet equilibria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320977
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  • 6
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    Spatial Propagation of Protein Polymerization (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-05
    Description: Author(s): S. I. A. Cohen, L. Rajah, C. H. Yoon, A. K. Buell, D. A. White, R. A. Sperling, M. Vendruscolo, E. M. Terentjev, C. M. Dobson, D. A. Weitz, and T. P. J. Knowles We consider the spatial dependence of filamentous protein self-assembly. Through studying the cases where the spreading of aggregated material is dominated either by diffusion or by growth, we derive analytical results for the spatial evolution of filamentous protein aggregation, which we validate a... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 098101] Published Tue Mar 04, 2014
    Keywords: Soft Matter, Biological, and Interdisciplinary Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    Metastable structural transformations and pressure-induced amorphization in natural (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 olivine under static compression: A Raman spectroscopic study (2016)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-02
    Description: Raman spectroscopic data were obtained for (Mg,Fe) 2 SiO 4 samples during compression to 57 GPa. Single crystals of San Carlos olivine compressed hydrostatically above 41 GPa showed appearance of a new "defect" peak in the 820–840 cm –1 region associated with SiOSi linkages appearing between adjacent $${\mathrm{SiO}}_{4}^{4-}$$ tetrahedra to result in five- or sixfold-coordinated silicate species. Appearance of this feature is accompanied by a broad amorphous background. The changes occur at lower pressure than metastable crystalline transitions of end-member Mg 2 SiO 4 forsterite (Fo-I) into Fo-II and Fo-III phases described recently. We complemented our experimental study using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and anisotropic ion molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations to study the Raman spectra and vibrational density of states (VDOS) of metastably compressed Mg 2 SiO 4 olivine, Fo-II and Fo-III, and quenched melts at high and low pressures. By 54 GPa all sharp crystalline peaks disappeared from observed Raman spectra indicating complete pressure-induced amorphization (PIA). The amorphous (Mg,Fe) 2 SiO 4 spectrum contains Si-O stretching bands at lower wavenumber than expected for $${\mathrm{SiO}}_{4}^{4-}$$ indicating high coordination of the silicate units. The amorphous spectrum persisted on decompression to ambient conditions but with evidence for reappearance of tetrahedrally coordinated units. Non-hydrostatic compression of polycrystalline olivine samples showed similar appearance of the defect feature and broad amorphous features between 43–44 GPa. Both increased in intensity as the sample was left at pressure overnight but they disappeared during decompression below 17 GPa with recovery of the starting olivine Raman signature. A hydrated San Carlos olivine sample containing 75–150 ppm OH was also studied. Significant broadening of the $${\mathrm{SiO}}_{4}^{4-}$$ stretching peaks was observed above 43 GPa but without immediate appearance of the defect or broad amorphous features. However, both of these characteristics emerged after leaving the sample at 47 GPa overnight followed by complete amorphization that occurred upon subsequent pressurization to 54 GPa. During decompression the high-density amorphous spectrum was retained to 3 GPa but on final pressure release a spectrum similar to thermally quenched low-pressure olivine glass containing isolated $${\mathrm{SiO}}_{4}^{4-}$$ groups was obtained. Leaving this sample overnight resulted in recrystallization of olivine. Our experimental data provide new insights into the metastable structural transformations and relaxation behavior of olivine samples including material recovered from meteorites and laboratory shock experiments.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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  • 8
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    Chronic prenatal ethanol exposure increases adiposity and disrupts pancreatic morphology in adult guinea pig offspring (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-18
    Description: Chronic prenatal ethanol exposure increases adiposity and disrupts pancreatic morphology in adult guinea pig offspring Nutrition and Diabetes 2, e57 (December 2012). doi:10.1038/nutd.2012.31 Authors: C C Dobson, D L Mongillo, D C Brien, R Stepita, M Poklewska-Koziell, A Winterborn, A C Holloway, J F Brien & J N Reynolds
    Keywords: fetal alcohol spectrum disorderadipositypancreatic morphologyguinea piginsulin sensitivity
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-4052
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    The depth of pseudotachylyte formation from detailed thermochronology and constraints on coseismic stress drop variability (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: Pseudotachylytes are accepted as recording paleo-seismicity in the rock record. However, the interpretation of the mechanics of faulting based on pseudotachylyte generation is often hindered because the depth at which they form is poorly constrained. Here, we use thermochronology to determine the depth at which pseudotachylytes in the Sierra Nevada, California, formed. The pseudotachylytes formed in ≤10 m long patches over a rupture surface, the rest of which comprised cataclasites that did not melt. The age of the pseudotachylytes is found to be 76.6 ± 0.3 Ma (2σ) from 40Ar/39Ar dating of pristine vein matrix. A suite of thermochronometers define the temperature-time path of the host rock granodiorite from ∼550 to 60°C. When the pseudotachylytes formed, the ambient temperature was 110 to 160°C, implying a depth of ∼2.4 to 6.0 km under typical geothermal gradients. At these depths, the failure stress on optimally oriented faults with Byerlee friction and hydrostatic pore pressure was ≤51 MPa. Following melting, the dynamic stress acting on the fault is the melt shear resistance, which we calculate to be
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Mantle transition zone structure beneath India and Western China from migration of PP and SS precursors (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-21
    Description: We investigate the seismic structure of the upper-mantle and mantle transition zone beneath India and Western China using PP and SS underside reflections off seismic discontinuities, which arrive as precursors to the PP and SS arrival. We use high-resolution array seismic techniques to identify precursory energy and to map lateral variations of discontinuity depths. We find deep reflections off the 410 km discontinuity ( P 410 P and S 410 S ) beneath Tibet, Western China and India at depths of 410–440 km and elevated underside reflections of the 410 km discontinuity at 370–390 km depth beneath the Tien Shan region and Eastern Himalayas. These reflections likely correspond to the olivine to wadsleyite phase transition. The 410 km discontinuity appears to deepen in Central and Northern Tibet. We also find reflections off the 660 km discontinuity beneath Northern China at depths between 660 and 700 km ( P 660 P and S 660 S ) which could be attributed to the mineral transformation of ringwoodite to magnesiowuestite and perovskite. These observations could be consistent with the presence of cold material in the middle and lower part of the mantle transition zone in this region. We also find a deeper reflector between 700 and 740 km depth beneath Tibet which cannot be explained by a depressed 660 km discontinuity. This structure could, however, be explained by the segregation of oceanic crust and the formation of a neutrally buoyant garnet-rich layer beneath the mantle transition zone, due to subduction of oceanic crust of the Tethys Ocean. For several combinations of sources and receivers we do not detect arrivals of P 660 P and S 660 S although similar combinations of sources and receivers give well-developed P 660 P and S 660 S arrivals. Our thermodynamic modelling of seismic structure for a range of compositions and mantle geotherms shows that non-observations of P 660 P and S 660 S arrivals could be caused by the dependence of underside reflection coefficients on the incidence angle of the incoming seismic waves. Apart from reflections off the 410 and 660 km discontinuities, we observe intermittent reflectors at 300 and 520 km depth. The discontinuity structure of the study region likely reflects lateral thermal and chemical variations in the upper-mantle and mantle transition zone connected to past and present subduction and mantle convection processes.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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