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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectrophotometric Determination of Vicinal Glycols (1954)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 26 (1954), S. 1092-1093 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60090a046
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Base-catalyzed Alcoholysis of Ribonucleic Acids. A Method for the Determination of End Groups1,2 (1961)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 83 (1961), S. 4772-4780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01484a019
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversal of sedation by prolonged infusion of flumazenil (Anexate, Ro 15–1788) (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 43 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A 22-year-old male was involved in a road traffic accident and sustained multiple injuries. He received an infusion of midazolam to sedate him during a period of artificial ventilation. His conscious level remained depressed 36 hours after the infusion was discontinued but the sedation was completely reversed with flumazenil. An infusion was started because of the short duration of action of flumazenil, and continued for 8 days. The infusion was slopped seven times during this period and on each occasion except the last, his conscious level deteriorated but returned to normal when flumazenil was administered again. Plasma concentrations of midazolam and α-hydroxymidazolam were measured and found to be low during this period. Possible explanations for this finding are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1988.tb09016.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A placebo-controlled investigation of duodenal ulcer recurrence after withdrawal of long-term treatment with ranitidine (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 7 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ninety-two patients with duodenal ulcer disease, who had received long-term continuous treatment with ranitidine for an average of 7.5 years, participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine whether stopping ranitidine resulted in ulcer recurrence. Patients were randomized to continue with ranitidine (n= 46) or to receive placebo (n= 46) and were followed up for six months. Treatment failure was defined as the first symptomatic recurrence of ulcer. The occurrence of epigastric pain during the follow-up period was significantly less frequent in the ranitidine group (13%) than in the placebo group (43%) (P= 0.001). At six months, 9% of the ranitidine group had developed ulcer recurrence, compared with 48 % in the placebo group (P 〈 0.001, logrank test). Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model showed that younger age (P= 0.041) and a long history of ulcer disease (P= 0.025) were risk factors for ulcer recurrence but gender, smoking and duration or dose of previous ranitidine treatment were not predictive of relapse during treatment with placebo. In conclusion, withdrawal of ranitidine after more than five years of continuous treatment results in almost half of the patients developing symptomatic ulcer recurrence within six months. Thus, long-term continuous therapy does not alter the natural history of duodenal ulcer disease. Younger patients and those with a long history of ulcer disease appear to be at increased risk of developing ulcer recurrence if long-term treatment is withdrawn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1993.tb00096.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geographical differences of gastric ulcer healing rate in patients treated with ranitidine or placebo (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The literature was searched for clinical trials evaluating the use of 300 mg ranitidine daily in the acute treatment of gastric ulcer. All available trials were examined, and the results compared between countries to determine the extent of any geographical variation in ulcer healing rates. Published placebo studies in gastric ulcer were also reviewed for comparison. Sixty-six publications were inspected to determine the trial design, country of origin, gastric ulcer healing rates, determined endoscopically, and details of patient demography.Overall worldwide healing rates for ranitidine treatment were 63% at week 4 and 86% at week 8 (n= 2349 and 2256 respectively), compared with 34% at week 4 and 52% at week 8 for placebo (n= 790 and 231 respectively). Statistically significant differences were found between the healing rates for individual countries at week 4 (P 〈 0.001) and week 8 (P 〈 0.001). However, after exclusion of the results from Japan (35%, n= 278) and Yugoslavia (97%, n= 32) at week 4, and from Japan (80%, n= 467) and France (65%, n= 52) at week 8, the healing rates from the remaining countries were not statistically different from one another. The limited data available in relation to age, sex and smoking habits, or placebo healing rates contributed little to explaining these aberrant results.It is concluded that there is variation in gastric ulcer healing rates between countries, but only results from Japan seem to be out of line with the rest of the world.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1989.tb00222.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short report: long-term management of peptic ulcer disease with ranitidine in Germany (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: One hundred and twenty-five patients with duodenal ulcer disease were given continuous ranitidine therapy after initial acute healing. Cumulative remission rates indicated that 95 % of patients were ulcer-free after 1 year, 89% at 2 years, 81% at 3 years, 70% at 4 years and 60% at 5 and 6 years. Nine patients had a second recurrence after healing of the first. No patient developed an ulcer complication. These results support the view that long-term continuous ranitidine therapy prevents ulcer recurrence and complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1994.tb00171.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ranitidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer disease: relationship between antisecretory effect and ulcer healing rate (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The relationship between drug-induced suppression of intragastric acidity and the rate of duodenal ulcer healing was examined using data for a single drug, ranitidine, from 156 clinical trials involving 16362 patients together with data on acid suppression from 37 studies of intragastric acidity in 630 subjects. In these studies ranitidine was given in doses ranging from 150 mg to 1200 mg per day administered in 9 different dosage regimens. The overall percentage of patients whose duodenal ulcers healed at 2 and 4 weeks on the different regimens was highly correlated with the percentage suppression of 24-hour intragastric acidity induced by different regimens. Thus the therapeutic benefit of a given ranitidine dosage regimen in healing duodenal ulcers relates directly to its antisecretory effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1991.tb00024.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric histology and plasma gastrin response to a meal in patients with duodenal ulcer disease after five years treatment with ranitidine (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 4 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fifty asymptomatic patients with duodenal ulcer disease, aged 31–82 years, who had received ranitidine maintenance therapy continuously for five or more years without a symptomatic recurrence, were studied. Fasting plasma gastrin concentrations were normal (mean 24 pmol/L, S.D. ± 22) while the post-prandial gastrin response was variable with maximum plasma concentrations ranging from 16 to 309 pmol/L. Endoscopy revealed six asymptomatic peptic ulcers. Histological examination of gastric biopsies showed mild, superficial inflammatory cell infiltration of the fundic mucosa, but more extensive inflammatory cell infiltration with some atrophy of the mucosal glands in the antral mucosa. Patchy intestinal metaplasia was evident in the antral mucosa of 18 patients. No fundic ECL cell hyperplasia was seen. Helicobacter pylori were detected in the corpus and antrum of most patients. These results suggest that maintenance treatment with ranitidine for 5 years is not associated with either significant hypergastrinaemia or with changes in the fundic mucosa which could be interpreted as pre-malignant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1990.tb00484.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    safety of bismuth in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases (1996)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 10 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Bismuth preparations are commonly used to treat a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, including peptic ulcers and dyspepsia. The safety profile of currently approved bismuth preparations, such as tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (De-Nol), bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) and ranitidine bismuth citrate (Pylorid, Tritec), is excellent. Adverse reactions to these agents are mild, transient and infrequent, and reports of serious adverse reactions are rare. This, in part, reflects the low systemic bioavailability of bismuth from these medicines: less than 1% of the bismuth dose administered is absorbed.During repeated dosing with ranitidine bismuth citrate 200, 400 or 800 mg b.d. trough plasma bismuth concentrations remain well below 50 μg/L. After 4 weeks of treatment median concentrations of 3.4 μg/L or less were reported amongst 1210 duodenal ulcer patients receiving this new chemical entity, while mean concentrations of 5.1 μg/L (plasma) and 12.3 μg/L (blood) have been reported in two studies of patients receiving tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate 120 mg q.d.s. for 4 weeks. Transient peak plasma bismuth concentrations greater than 50 μg/L are observed 30–60 min after dosing with tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate in some patients, but are not associated with any toxic effects. After discontinuation of treatment with bismuth preparations its excretion in urine may continue for up to 3 months, by which time blood bismuth concentrations have declined to pre-treatment values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1996.22163000.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Phagocytic” Lysosomes in Chromatolytic Neurones (1967)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 215 (1967), S. 657-658 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The origin of the membrane surrounding autophagic vacuoles is a matter for speculation. The suggested sources include Golgi cisternae5 and agranular endoplasmic reticulum6'7, or by de novo synthesis in the ground cytoplasm8'9. The manner in which acid hydrolases enter autophagic vacuoles is also ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/215657a0
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