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  • 1
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    Physical oceanography during Nathaniel B. Palmer cruises NBP06-01 and NBP06-08 to the Ross Sea (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Long, Matthew C; Dunbar, Robert B; Tortell, Philippe Daniel; Smith, Walker O Jr; Mucciarone, David A; DiTullio, Giacomo R (2011): Vertical structure, seasonal drawdown, and net community production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116(C10), C10029, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005954
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-13
    Description: We calculate net community production (NCP) during summer 2005-2006 and spring 2006 in the Ross Sea using multiple approaches to determine the magnitude and consistency of rates. Water column carbon and nutrient inventories and surface ocean O2/Ar data are compared to satellite-derived primary productivity (PP) estimates and 14C uptake experiments. In spring, NCP was related to stratification proximal to upper ocean fronts. In summer, the most intense C drawdown was in shallow mixed layers affected by ice melt; depth-integrated C drawdown, however, increased with mixing depth. Delta O2/Ar-based methods, relying on gas exchange reconstructions, underestimate NCP due to seasonal variations in surface Delta O2/Ar and NCP rates. Mixed layer Delta O2/Ar requires approximately 60 days to reach steady state, starting from early spring. Additionally, cold temperatures prolong the sensitivity of gas exchange reconstructions to past NCP variability. Complex vertical structure, in addition to the seasonal cycle, affects interpretations of surface-based observations, including those made from satellites. During both spring and summer, substantial fractions of NCP were below the mixed layer. Satellite-derived estimates tended to overestimate PP relative to 14C-based estimates, most severely in locations of stronger upper water column stratification. Biases notwithstanding, NCP-PP comparisons indicated that community respiration was of similar magnitude to NCP. We observed that a substantial portion of NCP remained as suspended particulate matter in the upper water column, demonstrating a lag between production and export. Resolving the dynamic physical processes that structure variance in NCP and its fate will enhance the understanding of the carbon cycling in highly productive Antarctic environments.
    Keywords: International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    (Table 1) Concentration of iron, DIP and silicic acid in water samples taken during Nathaniel B. Palmer cruises NBP06-01 and NBP06-08 (CORSACS I+II), Ross Sea (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Sedwick, Peter; Marsay, Christopher M; Sohst, Bettina M; Aguilar-Islas, Ana M; Lohan, Maeve C; Long, Matthew C; Arrigo, Kevin R; Dunbar, Robert B; Saito, Mak A; Smith, Walker O Jr; DiTullio, Giacomo R (2011): Early season depletion of dissolved iron in the Ross Sea polynya: Implications for iron dynamics on the Antarctic continental shelf. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116(C12), C12019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006553
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-13
    Description: The Ross Sea polynya is among the most productive regions in the Southern Ocean and may constitute a significant oceanic CO2 sink. Based on results from several field studies, this region has been considered seasonally iron limited, whereby a "winter reserve" of dissolved iron (dFe) is progressively depleted during the growing season to low concentrations (~0.1 nM) that limit phytoplankton growth in the austral summer (December-February). Here we report new iron data for the Ross Sea polynya during austral summer 2005-2006 (27 December-22 January) and the following austral spring 2006 (16 November-3 December). The summer 2005-2006 data show generally low dFe concentrations in polynya surface waters (0.10 ± 0.05 nM in upper 40 m, n = 175), consistent with previous observations. Surprisingly, our spring 2006 data reveal similar low surface dFe concentrations in the polynya (0.06 ± 0.04 nM in upper 40 m, n = 69), in association with relatively high rates of primary production (~170-260 mmol C/m**2/d). These results indicate that the winter reserve dFe may be consumed relatively early in the growing season, such that polynya surface waters can become "iron limited" as early as November; i.e., the seasonal depletion of dFe is not necessarily gradual. Satellite observations reveal significant biomass accumulation in the polynya during summer 2006-2007, implying significant sources of "new" dFe to surface waters during this period. Possible sources of this new dFe include episodic vertical exchange, lateral advection, aerosol input, and reductive dissolution of particulate iron.
    Keywords: Bottle, Niskin; CORSACS-1_NX1; CORSACS-1_NX10; CORSACS-1_NX11; CORSACS-1_NX2; CORSACS-1_NX3; CORSACS-1_NX4; CORSACS-1_NX5; CORSACS-1_NX6; CORSACS-1_NX7; CORSACS-1_NX8; CORSACS-1_NX9; CORSACS-2_NX12; CORSACS-2_NX13; CORSACS-2_NX14; CORSACS-2_NX15; CORSACS-2_NX16; CORSACS-2_NX17; CORSACS-2_NX18; CORSACS-2_NX19; CORSACS-2_NX20; CORSACS I; CORSACS II; DEPTH, water; Event label; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Iron, dissolvable; Iron, dissolved; Iron, particulate; Mixed layer depth; Nathaniel B. Palmer; NBP0601; NBP0601_NX1; NBP0601_NX10; NBP0601_NX11; NBP0601_NX2; NBP0601_NX3; NBP0601_NX4; NBP0601_NX5; NBP0601_NX6; NBP0601_NX7; NBP0601_NX8; NBP0601_NX9; NBP0608; NBP0608_NX12; NBP0608_NX13; NBP0608_NX14; NBP0608_NX15; NBP0608_NX16; NBP0608_NX17; NBP0608_NX18; NBP0608_NX19; NBP0608_NX20; NIS; Nitrate and Nitrite; Phosphorus, inorganic, dissolved; Ross Sea; Silicic acid
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1365 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Primary productivity and mass fluxes for four stations in teh equatorial Pacific (Table 1) (1984)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Betzer, Peter R; Showers, William J; Laws, Edward A; Winn, Christopher D; DiTullio, Giacomo R; Kroopnick, Peter M (1984): Primary productivity and particle fluxes on a transect of the equator at 153°W in the Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, 31(1), 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(84)90068-2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: Primary productivity (14C) and mass flux measurements using a free-drifting sediment trap deployed at 900 m were made at four stations in the Pacific Ocean between 12°N and 6°S at 153°W. The latitudinal variations in productivity were consistent with historical patterns showing the equator as a zone of high production and the oligotrophic waters north of the equatorial region as an area of low productivity. The correlation coefficient between the two sets of independent measurements was 0.999, indicating that in this oceanic area the activity of the primary producers was closely related to the total mass flux. A re-examination of historical data suggests that the downward flux of particulate organic carbon varies in direct proportion to the quotient of surface primary production raised to the 1.4 power and depth raised to the 0.63 power.
    Keywords: Betzer; DEPTH, water; Hawaii Ocean Time-Series; HOT; JGOFS; Joint Global Ocean Flux Study; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Primary production of carbon per area, yearly; Total, flux per year
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 8 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    North Pacific Ocean gyre primary production (PP) from 1986 based on 14C uptake (2003)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Keywords: ADIOS_I; Calculated average/mean values; Event label; Hawaii Ocean Time-Series; HOT; JGOFS; Joint Global Ocean Flux Study; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Primary production of carbon per area, daily
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    (Supplement table S1) Physical oceanography of spring transect stations sampled during Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP06-08, Ross Sea (2011)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-12
    Keywords: -; Biological oxygen saturation anomalies; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure; CORSACS II; CTD, Seabird; CTD-R; Date/Time of event; Event label; Ice coverage; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Mixed layer depth; Nathaniel B. Palmer; NBP0608; NBP0608_10; NBP0608_11; NBP0608_13; NBP0608_14; NBP0608_16; NBP0608_17; NBP0608_18; NBP0608_20; NBP0608_21; NBP0608_22; NBP0608_24; NBP0608_26; NBP0608_27; NBP0608_36; NBP0608_38; NBP0608_4; NBP0608_40; NBP0608_43; NBP0608_44; NBP0608_46; NBP0608_47; NBP0608_49; NBP0608_50; NBP0608_56; NBP0608_58; NBP0608_6; NBP0608_60; NBP0608_62; NBP0608_64; NBP0608_65; NBP0608_67; NBP0608_8; Net community production of carbon; Primary production, carbon assimilation, integrated; Primary production, carbon assimilation (24 hr.), integrated; Ross Sea; Sea surface salinity; Sea surface temperature; Station label
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 388 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    (Supplement table S1) Physical oceanography of summer transect stations sampled during Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP06-01, Ross Sea (2011)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-12
    Keywords: -; Biological oxygen saturation anomalies; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure; CORSACS I; CTD, Seabird; CTD-R; Date/Time of event; Elevation of event; Event label; Ice coverage; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Mixed layer depth; Nathaniel B. Palmer; NBP0601; NBP0601_10; NBP0601_11; NBP0601_12; NBP0601_13; NBP0601_15; NBP0601_16; NBP0601_18; NBP0601_20; NBP0601_22; NBP0601_23; NBP0601_25; NBP0601_26; NBP0601_28; NBP0601_3; NBP0601_30; NBP0601_31; NBP0601_33; NBP0601_34; NBP0601_35; NBP0601_37; NBP0601_38; NBP0601_4; NBP0601_40; NBP0601_41; NBP0601_43; NBP0601_44; NBP0601_45; NBP0601_47; NBP0601_48; NBP0601_49; NBP0601_5; NBP0601_51; NBP0601_52; NBP0601_53; NBP0601_55; NBP0601_57; NBP0601_58; NBP0601_59; NBP0601_61; NBP0601_62; NBP0601_63; NBP0601_7; NBP0601_8; NBP0601_83; NBP0601_84; NBP0601_86; NBP0601_88; NBP0601_89; NBP0601_9; Net community production of carbon; Primary production, carbon assimilation, integrated; Primary production, carbon assimilation (24 hr.), integrated; Ross Sea; Sea surface salinity; Sea surface temperature; Station label
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 655 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Thaumarchaeal ecotype distributions across the equatorial Pacific Ocean and their potential roles in nitrification and sinking flux attenuation (2017)
    ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography)
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography, 62 (5). pp. 1984-2003.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Thaumarchaea are among the most abundant microbial groups in the ocean, but controls on their abundance and the distribution and metabolic potential of different subpopulations are poorly constrained. Here, two ecotypes of ammonia-oxidizing thaumarchaea were quantified using ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes across the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The shallow, or water column “A” (WCA), ecotype was the most abundant ecotype at the depths of maximum nitrification rates, and its abundance correlated with other biogeochemical indicators of remineralization such as NO3 : Si and total Hg. Metagenomes contained thaumarchaeal genes encoding for the catalytic subunit of the urease enzyme (ureC) at all depths, suggesting that members of both WCA and the deep, water column “B” (WCB) ecotypes may contain ureC. Coupled urea hydrolysis-ammonia oxidation rates were similar to ammonia oxidation rates alone, suggesting that urea could be an important source of ammonia for mesopelagic ammonia oxidizers. Potential inducement of metal limitation of both ammonia oxidation and urea hydrolysis was demonstrated via additions of a strong metal chelator. The water column inventory of WCA was correlated with the depth-integrated abundance of WCB, with both likely controlled by the flux of sinking particulate organic matter, providing strong evidence of vertical connectivity between the ecotypes. Further, depth-integrated amoA gene abundance and nitrification rates were correlated with particulate organic nitrogen flux measured by contemporaneously deployed sediment traps. Together, the results refine our understanding of the controls on thaumarchaeal distributions in the ocean, and provide new insights on the relationship between material flux and microbial communities in the mesopelagic.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/lno.10547
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Minimal cobalt metabolism in the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus (2020)
    National Academy of Sciences (Washington, DC)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Despite very low concentrations of cobalt in marine waters, cyanobacteria in the genus Prochlorococcus retain the genetic machinery for the synthesis and use of cobalt-bearing cofactors (cobalamins) in their genomes. We explore cobalt metabolism in a Prochlorococcus isolate from the equatorial Pacific Ocean (strain MIT9215) through a series of growth experiments under iron- and cobalt-limiting conditions. Metal uptake rates, quantitative proteomic measurements of cobalamin-dependent enzymes, and theoretical calculations all indicate that Prochlorococcus MIT9215 can sustain growth with less than 50 cobalt atoms per cell, ∼100-fold lower than minimum iron requirements for these cells (∼5,100 atoms per cell). Quantitative descriptions of Prochlorococcus cobalt limitation are used to interpret the cobalt distribution in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, where surface concentrations are among the lowest measured globally but Prochlorococcus biomass is high. A low minimum cobalt quota ensures that other nutrients, notably iron, will be exhausted before cobalt can be fully depleted, helping to explain the persistence of cobalt-dependent metabolism in marine cyanobacteria.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Biogeochemical and ecological variability during the late summer–early autumn transition at an ice‐floe drift station in the Central Arctic Ocean (2020)
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-04
    Description: As the annual expanse of Arctic summer ice‐cover steadily decreases, concomitant biogeochemical and ecological changes in this region are likely to occur. Because the Central Arctic Ocean is often nutrient and light limited, it is essential to understand how environmental changes will affect productivity, phytoplankton species composition, and ensuing changes in biogeochemistry in the region. During the transition from late summer to early autumn, water column sampling of various biogeochemical parameters was conducted along an ice‐floe drift station near the North Pole. Our results show that as the upper water column stratification weakened during the late summer–early autumn transition, nutrient concentrations, particulate dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPp) levels, photosynthetic efficiency, and biological productivity, as estimated by ΔO2/Ar ratios, all decreased. Chemotaxonomic (CHEMTAX) analysis of phytoplankton pigments revealed a taxonomically diverse picoautotrophic community, with chlorophyll (Chl) c3‐containing flagellates and the prasinophyte, Pyramimonas spp., as the most abundant groups, comprising ~ 30% and 20% of the total Chl a (TChl a) biomass, respectively. In contrast to previous studies, the picoprasinophyte, Micromonas spp., represented only 5% to 10% of the TChl a biomass. Of the nine taxonomic groups identified, DMSPp was most closely associated with Pyramimonas spp., a Chl b‐containing species not usually considered a high DMSP producer. As the extent and duration of open, ice‐free waters in the Central Arctic Ocean progressively increases, we suggest that enhanced light transmission could potentially expand the ecological niche of Pyramimonas spp. in the region.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Cobalt and nickel in the Peru upwelling region : a major flux of labile cobalt utilized as a micronutrient (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18 (2004): GB4030, doi:10.1029/2003GB002216.
    Description: The geochemistry of cobalt in the Peru upwelling region is dominated by its importance as a micronutrient. A large and previously undocumented flux of labile cobalt behaved as a micronutrient with correlations with major nutrients (nitrate, phosphate; r 2 = 0.90, 0.96) until depleted to ≤50 pM of strongly complexed cobalt. Co:P utilization ratios were an order of magnitude higher than in the North Pacific, comparable to utilization rates of zinc in other oceanic regions. Cobalt speciation measurements showed that available cobalt decreased over 4 orders of magnitude in this region, with shifts in phytoplankton assemblages occurring at transitions between labile and nonlabile cobalt. Only small changes in total dissolved nickel were observed, and nickel was present in a labile chemical form throughout the region. In the Peru upwelling region, cobalt uptake was highest at the surface and decreased with depth, suggesting phytoplankton uptake was a more important removal mechanism than co-oxidation with microbial manganese oxidation. These findings show the importance of cobalt as a micronutrient and that cobalt scarcity and speciation may be important in influencing phytoplankton species composition in this economically important environment.
    Description: This work was supported by the NSF under grant OCE-9618729 and OCE-0327225.
    Keywords: Cobalt speciation ; Nickel ; Peru upwelling ; Pacific ; Phytoplankton
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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