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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The citrulline biosynthetic operon, argC-F, and a ribose transport operon, rbs, from Bacillus subtilis are negatively regulated by Spo0A (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A method Is described here that can be used to identify operons whose expression Is controlled by any particular regulator protein. This method was used to Identify operons whose expression is negatively regulated by Spo0A in Bacillus subtilis. Twenty-eight strains were identified, each of which contains an operon-lacZ transcriptional fusion, negatively regulated, either directly or Indirectly, by Spo0A. In one of these strains (CSA8), the lacZ gene is fused to the argC-F operon positioned at 100° on the B. subtilis chromosome. The regulated expression of this operon by Spo0A ∼ P is mediated indirectly through the transition state regulator AbrB and is manifest only during growth on solid medium. In a second strain (CSA15), the lacZ gene is fused to an operon encoding a transport system which displays features characteristic of the ABC group of transporters, and which has a very high level of identity to the ribose transport system from Escherichia coli Expression of the ribose transport operon is directed by a single SigA-type promoter. Transcription from this promoter is repressed by the phosphorylated form of Spo0A during the late-exponential/transition phase of the growth cycle and this control is not mediated through the transition-state regulator, AbrB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00292.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ClpE, a novel type of HSP100 ATPase, is part of the CtsR heat shock regulon of Bacillus subtilis (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 32 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Clp ATPases, which include the ubiquitous HSP100 family, are classified according to their structural features and sequence similarities. During the course of the Bacillus subtilis genome sequencing project, we identified a gene encoding a new member of the HSP100 family. We designated this protein ClpE, as it is the prototype of a novel subfamily among the Clp ATPases, and have identified homologues in several bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Lactobacillus sakei and Clostridium acetobutylicum. A unique feature of these Hsp100-type Clp ATPases is their amino-terminal zinc finger motif. Unlike the other class III genes of B. subtilis (clpC and clpP ), clpE does not appear to be required for stress tolerance. Transcriptional analysis revealed two σA-type promoters, expression from which was shown to be inducible by heat shock and puromycin treatment. Investigation of the regulatory mechanism controlling clpE expression indicates that this gene is controlled by CtsR and is thus a member of the class III heat shock genes of B. subtilis. CtsR negatively regulates clpE expression by binding to the promoter region, in which five CtsR binding sites were identified through DNase I footprinting and sequence analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01374.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genes controlled by the essential YycG/YycF two-component system of Bacillus subtilis revealed through a novel hybrid regulator approach (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 49 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The YycG/YycF two-component system, originally identified in Bacillus subtilis, is very highly conserved and appears to be specific to low G + C Gram-positive bacteria. This system is required for cell viability, although the basis for this and the nature of the YycF regulon remained elusive. Using a combined hybrid regulator/transcriptome approach involving the inducible expression of a PhoP′-′YycF chimerical protein in B. subtilis, we have shown that expression of yocH, which encodes a potential autolysin, is specifically activated by YycF. Gel mobility shift and DNase I footprinting assays were used to show direct binding in vitro of purified YycF to the regulatory regions of yocH as well as ftsAZ, previously reported to be controlled by YycF. Nucleotide sequence analysis and site-directed mutagenesis allowed us to define a potential consensus recognition sequence for the YycF response regulator, composed of two direct repeats: 5′-TGT A/T A A/T/C-N5-TGT A/T A A/T/C-3′. A DNA-motif analysis indicates that there are potentially up to 10 genes within the B. subtilis YycG/YycF regulon, mainly involved in cell wall metabolism and membrane protein synthesis. Among these, YycF was shown to bind directly to the region upstream from the ykvT gene, encoding a potential cell wall hydrolase, and the intergenic region of the tagAB/tagDEF divergon, encoding essential components of teichoic acid biosynthesis. Definition of a potential YycF recognition sequence allowed us to identify likely members of the YycF regulon in other low G + C Gram-positive bacteria, including several pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03661.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The extracellular proteome of Bacillus subtilis under secretion stress conditions (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 49 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The accumulation of malfolded proteins in the cell envelope of the Gram-positive eubacterium Bacillus subtilis was previously shown to provoke a so-called secretion stress response. In the present studies, proteomic approaches were employed to identify changes in the extracellular proteome of B. subtilis in response to secretion stress. The data shows that, irrespective of the way in which secretion stress is imposed on the cells, the levels of only two extracellular proteins, HtrA and YqxI, display major variations in a parallel manner. Whereas the extracellular level of the HtrA protease is determined through transcriptional regulation, the level of YqxI in the growth medium is determined post-transcriptionally in an HtrA-dependent manner. In the absence of secretion stress, the extracellular levels of HtrA and YqxI are low because of extracytoplasmic proteolysis. Finally, the protease active site of HtrA is dispensable for post-transcriptional YqxI regulation. It is known that Escherichia coli HtrA has combined protease and chaperone-like activities. As this protein shares a high degree of similarity with B. subtilis HtrA, it can be hypothesized that both activities are conserved in B. subtilis HtrA. Thus, a chaperone-like activity of B. subtilis HtrA could be involved in the appearance of YqxI on the extracellular proteome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03565.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Base Composition Skews, Replication Orientation, and Gene Orientation in 12 Prokaryote Genomes (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 47 (1998), S. 691-696 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Base composition — Skews — Replication orientation — Gene orientation — Prokaryote genomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Variation in GC content, GC skew and AT skew along genomic regions was examined at third codon positions in completely sequenced prokaryotes. Eight out of nine eubacteria studied show GC and AT skews that change sign at the origin of replication. The leading strand in DNA replication is G-T rich at codon position 3 in six eubacteria, but C-T rich in two Mycoplasma species. In M. genitalium the AT and GC skews are symmetrical around the origin and terminus of replication, whereas its GC content variation has been shown to have a centre of symmetry elsewhere in the genome. Borrelia burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum show extraordinary extents of base composition skew correlated with direction of DNA replication. Base composition skews measured at third codon positions probably reflect mutational biases, whereas those measured over all bases in a sequence (or at codon positions 1 and 2) can be strongly affected by protein considerations due to the tendency in some bacteria for genes to be transcribed in the same direction that they are replicated. Consequently in some species the direction of skew for total genomic DNA is opposite to that for codon position 3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006428
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untangling the web. Internet for the Molecular Biologist (1996). By S. R. Swindell, R. R. Miller and S. A. Myers. Horizon Scientific. 187pp. £19.95/$32.50 (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 18 (1996), S. 852-852 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950181015
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  • 7
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    Thrombocytopenia and craniotomy for tumor: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program analysis (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In: Cancer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-16
    Description: BACKGROUND To the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first national analysis of the association between preoperative platelet count and outcomes after craniotomy. METHODS Patients who underwent craniotomy for tumor were extracted from the prospective National Surgical Quality Improvement Program registry (2007-2014) and stratified by preoperative thrombocytopenia, defined as mild (125,000-149,000/μL), moderate (100,000-124,000/μL), severe (75,000-99,000/μL), or very severe (〈75,000/μL). Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to evaluate the association between thrombocytopenia and 30-day mortality, and multivariable logistic regression with complications and unplanned reoperation. Covariates included patient age, sex, tumor histology, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, functional status, comorbidities, and surgical time. RESULTS A total of 14,852 patients were included in the current study and thrombocytopenia was classified as mild in 4.4% (646 patients), moderate in 2.0% (290 patients), severe in 0.7% (105 patients), or very severe in 0.4% (66 patients) of patients. The adjusted hazard of 30-day death was significantly higher for patients with moderate (6.6%; hazard ratio [HR], 2.13 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.30-3.49; P =  0.003]), severe (10.5%; HR, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.18-4.60; P =  0.02]), and very severe (10.6%; HR, 3.65 [95% CI, 1.71-7.82; P =  0.001]) thrombocytopenia, compared with patients without thrombocytopenia (2.9%), with an increased effect size noted with greater thrombocytopenia. Likewise, when the platelet count was evaluated continuously, a higher platelet count was associated with a lower hazard of 30-day mortality (HR, 0.987 [95% CI, 0.981-0.993; P 〈.001]), developing any complication (odds ratio, 0.985 [95% CI, 0.981-0.988; P 〈.001]), and reoperation (odds ratio, 0.990 [95% CI, 0.983-0.994; P  = .003]). Unplanned reoperation was due to intracranial hemorrhage in 53.3% of patients with moderate thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSIONS In this National Surgical Quality Improvement Program analysis, moderate and severe thrombocytopenia were associated with mortality and reoperation after craniotomy for tumor. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society .
    Print ISSN: 0008-543X
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0142
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Cancer Society.
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