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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 18 (1980), S. 575-579 
    ISSN: 0015-6264
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Comparison ; Carcinogenicity ; Engine oil ; Fractions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this investigation was to identify the substances mainly responsible for the carcinogenic effect of used engine oil from gasoline engines using topical application as a carcinogen-specific bioassay. This was performed by comparison of the tumorigenic effect of single fractions with that of an unseparated sample of the lubricating oil. The probit analysis of the results shows: 1) The used engine oil, from gasoline-driven automobiles, investigated provoked local tumors after long-term application to the dorsal skin of mice. The incidence of carcinoma depended on the dose of the oil. 2) The fraction of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) containing more than three rings accounts for about 70% of the total carcinogenicity in the case of crankcase oil. This fraction constitutes only up to 1.14% by weight of the total oil sample. 3) The content of benzo(a)pyrene (216.8 mg/kg) accounts for 18% of the total carcinogenicity of the used oil. 4) Regarding the reduced carcinogenicity of the oil sample, which was reconstituted from all fractions, it seems possible that some of the carcinogenic substances were lost due to volatility, with evaporation of the solvents from the oil-fractionation processes. 5) Regarding the small effect of the PAH-free fraction, as well as the equal carcinogenic effects of the PAH-fraction (containing more than three rings) and the reconstituted oil sample, no hints for a co-carcinogenic activity were obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 84 (1975), S. 75-80 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Zersetzung von Äthylnitrosoharnstoff (ENU) in wäßriger Lösung wird durch Cu2+ Ionen beschleunigt. Ni2+ zeigt eine ähnliche, aber weniger ausgeprägte Wirkung. Die Zerfallsrate von N-Methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin (MNNG), einer in wäß-rigen Lösungen relativ stabilen Verbindung, wird stark beschleunigt durch Cu2+ und in geringerem Maße auch durch Ni2+. Im Gegensatz zu diesen Befunden wird die Stabilität von N-Methyl-N-nitrosourethan durch Schwermetall-Ionen nicht beeinflußt. Die Wirkung von Cu2+ Ionen auf die Abbau-Rate von ENU ist derjenigen von OH-Ionen ähnlich und beeinflußt die Reaktionskinetik auf molarer Basis. Die Erhöhung der Zerfallsgeschwindigkeit von ENU durch Cu2+ Ionen wurde in Anwesenheit von Serum oder anderer Komplexbildner nicht beobachtet. Die Ergebnisse werden im Zusammenhang mit der bekannten Erhöhung der toxischen und carcinogenen Wirkung von ENU durch Schwermetall-Salze im Tierversuch diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The decomposition of ethylnitrosourea (ENU) in aqueous solution is enhanced by Cu2+ ions. Ni2+ shows a similar, but less pronounced effect. The decomposition rate of N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), a compound known to be relatively stable in aqueous solution, is strongly enhanced by the addition of Cu2+ and to a smaller extent also by Ni2+ ions. On the other hand the stability of N-methyl-N-nitrosourethane is not influenced by heavy metal ions. The influence of Cu2+ ions on the decomposition rate of ENU is similar to that of OH-anions, influencing the reaction kinetics on a molar basis. The increase in decomposition rate of ENU by copper ions is not seen in the presence of blood serum or other complexing agents. The results are discussed in relation to the known enhancement in toxicity and carcinogenicity of ENU by heavy metal salts in animal experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Benzo(a)pyrene ; Caffeine ; Oral administration ; Tumors of the forestomach
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a lifetime experiment benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats either as an admixture to the diet or by gavage in an aqueous 1.5% caffeine solution. Dissolved benzo(a)pyrene induced more tumors of the forestomach than undissolved benzo(a)pyrene. The 1.5% caffeine solution (annual dose 27 g/kg) did not exert any carcinogenic activity under the conditions of this bioassay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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