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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 3435-3440 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of 0.1 and 0.5-nm Al and 0.02-nm Ti interlayers on the Sb/(HgCd)Te system have been investigated with photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. With no interlayer, the Sb forms an abrupt, uniform overlayer with a stoichiometric interface and causes no change in the band bending induced during the cleaving process. With the two Al interlayers Sb exhibits less uniform deposition and diffuses into the semiconductor enough to reverse the additional band bending caused by Al in-diffusion. It also reacts with the elemental Al of the 0.5-nm interlayer to form AlSb. The increased disruption of the (HgCd)Te surface by the Ti interlayer leads to enhanced out-diffusion of Te in addition to Sb clustering and in-diffusion. In this case, Sb is able to compensate for the inversion occurring during cleavage and returns the surface to a nearly flat-band condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 5191-5193 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interfacial interactions between (HgCd)Te and Ti, an ultrareactive metal, have been examined using photoelectron spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation. Deposition of small quantities of Ti, which form tellurides that are thermodynamically more stable than HgTe or CdTe, causes a loss of both Hg and Cd from the interface. The rate of Hg depletion is greater than that of Cd and is greater than the rate of Hg depletion yet observed for any other overlayer metal. This greater Hg loss is attributed to the increased disruption of the semiconductor surface region caused by the loss of Cd. Unlike the cases of Al and In, but similar to that of Cr, no additional band bending is observing during the early stages of metal deposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 6340-6346 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The resistance and 1/f noise of Au and Al contacts to ion-sputtered p-type Hg0.79Cd0.21Te and of Ge contacts to Hg0.7Cd0.3Te have been measured at temperatures of 12, 40, 77, and 295 K. The Au and Al contacts were ohmic at all temperatures whereas the Ge contacts were partially rectifying. The specific contact resistance for Au and Al varied by about a factor of 10 up to 9×10−4 Ω cm2 and 3×10−3 Ω cm2, respectively, at 295 K, and there was little variation in resistance down to 12 K. The 1/f noise of the Au and Al contacts could be described as a power spectral density of resistance fluctuations SR which varied with the contact diameter d as SR∝d−m, where 5≤m≤6 for Au and 2≤m≤3 for Al. The values of m suggest that whereas the 1/f noise of the Au contacts originated at the Au/(Hg,Cd)Te interface or in the underlying (Hg,Cd)Te, the 1/f noise of the Al contacts originated in a surface conduction layer next to the contact. The magnitude of the 1/f noise was significantly larger than expected for any fundamental 1/f noise source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 3150-3156 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interactions of the reactive metals Al and In with both cleaved and sputtered p-type Hg1−xCdxTe surfaces have been investigated using synchrotron radiation-induced ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The sputtered surfaces are depleted of a fraction of their Hg (∼25% and ∼40% for x=0.21 and x=0.28 material, respectively, relative to the Hg found on the corresponding cleaved surfaces) and are more inverted than the cleaved surfaces with the Fermi level higher in the conduction band. During metal deposition, the cleaved and sputtered surfaces behave similarly: in the initial stages, the metal reacts with the HgTe alloy component to form a metal telluride and Hg, which leaves the surface region. At the same time, the inverted surface becomes more degenerate. After the metal has reacted with all the available HgTe within a certain surface region, an unreacted metallic film grows on the surface. Such identical behavior of the two types of surfaces is explained by the large difference in thermodynamic stability between HgTe and the metal tellurides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 3157-3161 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interaction between thin layers of Au and both cleaved and sputtered p-type Hg0.72Cd0.28Te and sputtered p-type Hg0.79Cd0.21Te surfaces has been investigated with ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. Only a small loss of Hg from the interface was observed during Au deposition, in contrast to that seen during Al and In deposition reported elsewhere. The retention of Hg is explained by the lower stability of AuTe2 compared with HgTe, which makes the exchange reaction between Au and Hg unfavorable. Small differences in the Hg/Cd ratio following Au deposition with different surface preparations and material were noted. They were attributed to reduced stability of the ion-bombarded surface caused by sputter-induced defects and reduced strength of the Hg–Te bond, which resulted from the increased local CdTe concentration. Although Au diffused into the semiconductor to partially compensate for the cleavage-induced defects (which act as donors), it was not able to compensate appreciably for the larger number of sputter-induced defects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 1915-1921 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interactions between the clean, cleaved Hg0.72Cd0.28Te surfaces and thin evaporated layers of Al and In have been investigated with ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. Deposition of ultrathin layers of either metal was found to deplete the surface of much of its Hg by breaking the Hg-Te bonds to form a very thin interlayer of Al2Te3 or one of the several indium tellurides. In contrast, no interaction between the metals and the CdTe component was observed. Upon deposition of additional Al, a metallic Al overlayer was grown, with some Te diffusing to the surface. Some of the Hg freed by the initial reaction diffused into the semiconductor and formed a degenerate n+ layer capable of ohmically coupling n-type material to the metallic overlayer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International urogynecology journal 11 (2000), S. 124-126 
    ISSN: 1433-3023
    Keywords: Key words:Complications – Epithelial inclusion cyst – In-situ sling – Raz procedure – Vaginal wall sling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Epithelial inclusion cyst is an under recognized complication of the in-situ advancing vaginal wall sling. A 63-year-old woman with stage I pelvic organ prolapse and mixed incontinence underwent in-situ sling placement in November 1997. In February 1998 she presented with a painful recurrent inflammatory anterior vaginal wall mass. The mass was cystic and drained spontaneously four times over the period of conservative management. The patient underwent resection of a clinical and pathological vaginal epithelial inclusion cyst in September 1998. At 6-month follow-up the patient remains continent and the cyst has not reformed. The vaginal surgeon should be aware of the potential for epithelial inclusion cyst formation after in-situ sling placement, and actively search for them at postoperative examination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International urogynecology journal 3 (1992), S. 133-136 
    ISSN: 1433-3023
    Keywords: Intraurethral steroid injection ; Modified Kelly air cystoscope ; Urethral colposcopy ; Urethral condylomata ; Urethral syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract While fiber-optic instruments are commonly utilized to diagnose urethral mucosal abnormalities, their usefulness in therapy is limited. In 1893 Howard Kelly described an instrument which allowed direct visualization of the urethra and bladder mucosa. In this study the classic Kelly air cystoscope was modified and used to diagnose and treat patients with inflammatory and neoplastic lesions of the urethral musoca, using direct visualization techniques with and without colposcopy. The urethral mucosa was subjected to biopsy and carbon dioxide laser ablation. Steroid infiltration of the submocosal tissue was also performed. The authors' study group consisted of 49 patients with inflammatory (20), condylomatous (22), cystic (2) and undiagnosed (5) conditions of the proximal and midurethral mucosa. This simple, inexpensive instrument allowed direct access to the urethral mucosa for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. Patients suffered no significant morbidity from the use of this instrument.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-3023
    Keywords: Modified Kelly Air cystoscope ; Polymerase chain reaction studies ; Urethral biopsy ; Urethral colposcopy ; Urethral condyloma acuminata ; Urethral vascular ectasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a 24-month prospective study, 22 patients with documented papillomavirus lesions elsewhere in the lower genital tract underwent biopsy of the urothelium of the urethra. These patients met the accepted criteria for urethral syndrome. The specimens were obtained under colposcopic control with small tissue biopsy forceps inserted through a modified Kelly air cystoscope. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and subsequent DNA primer evaluation failed to reveal the presence of papillomavirus infection in 20 of the 22 patients. Differentiated squamous mucosa was found on morphologic studies from these biopsies in 18 instances (82%). This multicenter study was unable to document the presence of human papillomavirus infection of the proximal urethral vesical neck or bladder trigone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 11 (1988), S. 359-365 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The methodology of failure analysis and the use of XPS sputter-depth profiles in failure analysis is illustrated in three examples: a titanium adhesive bond, a multilayer optical filter, and an ohmic contact. XPS sputter-depth profiles supplement those obtained using AES and are essential to the failure analysis of a non-conducting sample or one that is easily damaged by an electron beam. XPS sputter-depth profiles also allow chemical state determination and improved quantification, especially for samples in which the Auger signals of different elements overlap.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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