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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-05-05
    Keywords: Contractile function, Other heart failure, Other diagnostic testing
    Electronic ISSN: 1524-4539
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-04-16
    Description: Angiotensin II (AngII) mediates progression of aortic aneurysm, but the relative contribution of its type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors remains unknown. We show that loss of AT2 expression accelerates the aberrant growth and rupture of the aorta in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome (MFS). The selective AT1 receptor blocker (ARB) losartan abrogated aneurysm progression in the mice; full protection required intact AT2 signaling. The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) enalapril, which limits signaling through both receptors, was less effective. Both drugs attenuated canonical transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signaling in the aorta, but losartan uniquely inhibited TGFbeta-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), by allowing continued signaling through AT2. These data highlight the protective nature of AT2 signaling and potentially inform the choice of therapies in MFS and related disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3097422/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3097422/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Habashi, Jennifer P -- Doyle, Jefferson J -- Holm, Tammy M -- Aziz, Hamza -- Schoenhoff, Florian -- Bedja, Djahida -- Chen, YiChun -- Modiri, Alexandra N -- Judge, Daniel P -- Dietz, Harry C -- P01 AR049698/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AR049698-07/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR041135/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR041135-17/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 15;332(6027):361-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1192152.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiotensin II/metabolism ; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Aorta ; Aortic Aneurysm/drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology/prevention & control ; Aortic Rupture/metabolism/pathology/prevention & control ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Enalapril/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Losartan/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Marfan Syndrome/drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/genetics/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-04-16
    Description: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signaling drives aneurysm progression in multiple disorders, including Marfan syndrome (MFS), and therapies that inhibit this signaling cascade are in clinical trials. TGFbeta can stimulate multiple intracellular signaling pathways, but it is unclear which of these pathways drives aortic disease and, when inhibited, which result in disease amelioration. Here we show that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and 2 and Smad2 are activated in a mouse model of MFS, and both are inhibited by therapies directed against TGFbeta. Whereas selective inhibition of ERK1/2 activation ameliorated aortic growth, Smad4 deficiency exacerbated aortic disease and caused premature death in MFS mice. Smad4-deficient MFS mice uniquely showed activation of Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK1), and a JNK antagonist ameliorated aortic growth in MFS mice that lacked or retained full Smad4 expression. Thus, noncanonical (Smad-independent) TGFbeta signaling is a prominent driver of aortic disease in MFS mice, and inhibition of the ERK1/2 or JNK1 pathways is a potential therapeutic strategy for the disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3111087/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3111087/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holm, Tammy M -- Habashi, Jennifer P -- Doyle, Jefferson J -- Bedja, Djahida -- Chen, YiChun -- van Erp, Christel -- Lindsay, Mark E -- Kim, David -- Schoenhoff, Florian -- Cohn, Ronald D -- Loeys, Bart L -- Thomas, Craig J -- Patnaik, Samarjit -- Marugan, Juan J -- Judge, Daniel P -- Dietz, Harry C -- P01 AR049698/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AR049698-07/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR041135/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR041135-12/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR041135-17/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 15;332(6027):358-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1192149.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthracenes/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Aorta/pathology ; Aortic Aneurysm/*metabolism/pathology/physiopathology/prevention & control ; Diphenylamine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Enzyme Activation ; Losartan/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Marfan Syndrome/drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Smad2 Protein/metabolism ; Smad4 Protein/deficiency/genetics ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-01-29
    Description: Cellular reprogramming of somatic cells to patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) enables in vitro modelling of human genetic disorders for pathogenic investigations and therapeutic screens. However, using iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) to model an adult-onset heart disease remains challenging owing to the uncertainty regarding the ability of relatively immature iPSC-CMs to fully recapitulate adult disease phenotypes. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is an inherited heart disease characterized by pathological fatty infiltration and cardiomyocyte loss predominantly in the right ventricle, which is associated with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Over 50% of affected individuals have desmosome gene mutations, most commonly in PKP2, encoding plakophilin-2 (ref. 9). The median age at presentation of ARVD/C is 26 years. We used previously published methods to generate iPSC lines from fibroblasts of two patients with ARVD/C and PKP2 mutations. Mutant PKP2 iPSC-CMs demonstrate abnormal plakoglobin nuclear translocation and decreased beta-catenin activity in cardiogenic conditions; yet, these abnormal features are insufficient to reproduce the pathological phenotypes of ARVD/C in standard cardiogenic conditions. Here we show that induction of adult-like metabolic energetics from an embryonic/glycolytic state and abnormal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) activation underlie the pathogenesis of ARVD/C. By co-activating normal PPAR-alpha-dependent metabolism and abnormal PPAR-gamma pathway in beating embryoid bodies (EBs) with defined media, we established an efficient ARVD/C in vitro model within 2 months. This model manifests exaggerated lipogenesis and apoptosis in mutant PKP2 iPSC-CMs. iPSC-CMs with a homozygous PKP2 mutation also had calcium-handling deficits. Our study is the first to demonstrate that induction of adult-like metabolism has a critical role in establishing an adult-onset disease model using patient-specific iPSCs. Using this model, we revealed crucial pathogenic insights that metabolic derangement in adult-like metabolic milieu underlies ARVD/C pathologies, enabling us to propose novel disease-modifying therapeutic strategies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3753229/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3753229/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Changsung -- Wong, Johnson -- Wen, Jianyan -- Wang, Shirong -- Wang, Cheng -- Spiering, Sean -- Kan, Natalia G -- Forcales, Sonia -- Puri, Pier Lorenzo -- Leone, Teresa C -- Marine, Joseph E -- Calkins, Hugh -- Kelly, Daniel P -- Judge, Daniel P -- Chen, Huei-Sheng Vincent -- R01 AR052779/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR056712/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL058493/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL101189/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL105194/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- TCR05004/Telethon/Italy -- England -- Nature. 2013 Feb 7;494(7435):105-10. doi: 10.1038/nature11799. Epub 2013 Jan 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Del E. Webb Neuroscience, Aging & Stem Cell Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23354045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Age of Onset ; Apoptosis/genetics ; Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular ; Dysplasia/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology/physiopathology ; Cellular Reprogramming ; Culture Media/pharmacology ; Embryoid Bodies/drug effects/physiology ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/metabolism/pathology ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glycolysis ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism/*pathology ; Lipogenesis/genetics ; *Models, Biological ; Myocardial Contraction/drug effects ; Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology ; PPAR alpha/metabolism ; PPAR gamma/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Plakophilins/genetics ; Time Factors ; beta Catenin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-07-17
    Description: : We present iAnn, an open source community-driven platform for dissemination of life science events, such as courses, conferences and workshops. iAnn allows automatic visualisation and integration of customised event reports. A central repository lies at the core of the platform: curators add submitted events, and these are subsequently accessed via web services. Thus, once an iAnn widget is incorporated into a website, it permanently shows timely relevant information as if it were native to the remote site. At the same time, announcements submitted to the repository are automatically disseminated to all portals that query the system. To facilitate the visualization of announcements, iAnn provides powerful filtering options and views, integrated in Google Maps and Google Calendar. All iAnn widgets are freely available. Availability: http://iann.pro/iannviewer Contact: manuel.corpas@tgac.ac.uk
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-04-08
    Description: Aims We sought to determine the influence of genotype on clinical course and arrhythmic outcome among arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C)-associated mutation carriers. Methods and results Pathogenic mutations in desmosomal and non-desmosomal genes were identified in 577 patients (241 families) from USA and Dutch ARVD/C cohorts. Patients with sudden cardiac death (SCD)/ventricular fibrillation (VF) at presentation ( n = 36) were younger (median 23 vs. 36 years; P 〈 0.001) than those presenting with sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT). Among 541 subjects presenting alive, over a mean follow-up of 6 ± 7 years, 12 (2%) patients died, 162 (30%) had sustained VT/VF, 78 (14%) manifested left ventricular dysfunction (EF 〈 55%), 28 (5%) experienced heart failure (HF), and 10 (2%) required cardiac transplantation. Patients ( n = 22; 4%) with 〉1 mutation had significantly earlier occurrence of sustained VT/VF (mean age 28 ± 12 years), lower VT-/VF-free survival ( P = 0.037), more frequent left ventricular dysfunction (29%), HF (19%) and cardiac transplantation (9%) when compared with those with only one mutation. Desmoplakin mutation carriers experienced more than four-fold occurrence of left ventricular dysfunction (40%) and HF (13%) than PKP2 carriers. Missense mutation carriers had similar death-/transplant-free survival and VT/VF penetrance ( P = 0.137) when compared with those with truncating or splice site mutations. Men are more likely to be probands ( P 〈 0.001), symptomatic ( P 〈 0.001) and have earlier and more severe arrhythmic expression. Conclusions Presentation with SCD/VF occurs at a significantly younger age when compared with sustained monomorphic VT. The genotype of ARVD/C mutation carriers impacts clinical course and disease expression. Male sex negatively modifies phenotypic expression.
    Print ISSN: 0195-668X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-9645
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-04-08
    Description: Aims Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a rare genetic condition caused predominantly by mutations within desmosomal genes. The mutation leading to ARVC-5 was recently identified on the island of Newfoundland and caused by the fully penetrant missense mutation p.S358L in TMEM43 . Although TMEM43 -p.S358L mutation carriers were also found in the USA, Germany, and Denmark, the genetic relationship between North American and European patients and the disease mechanism of this mutation remained to be clarified. Methods and results We screened 22 unrelated ARVC patients without mutations in desmosomal genes and identified the TMEM43 -p.S358L mutation in a German ARVC family. We excluded TMEM43 -p.S358L in 22 unrelated patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The German family shares a common haplotype with those from Newfoundland, USA, and Denmark, suggesting that the mutation originated from a common founder. Examination of 40 control chromosomes revealed an estimated age of 1300–1500 years for the mutation, which proves the European origin of the Newfoundland mutation. Skin fibroblasts from a female and two male mutation carriers were analysed in cell culture using atomic force microscopy and revealed that the cell nuclei exhibit an increased stiffness compared with TMEM43 wild-type controls. Conclusion The German family is not affected by a de novo TMEM43 mutation. It is therefore expected that an unknown number of European families may be affected by the TMEM43 -p.S358L founder mutation. Due to its deleterious clinical phenotype, this mutation should be checked in any case of ARVC-related genotyping. It appears that the increased stiffness of the cell nucleus might be related to the massive loss of cardiomyocytes, which is typically found in ventricles of ARVC hearts.
    Print ISSN: 0195-668X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-9645
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-06-17
    Description: Background— Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is a progressive cardiomyopathy. We aimed to define long-term outcome in a transatlantic cohort of 1001 individuals. Methods and Results— Clinical and genetic characteristics and follow-up data of ARVD/C index-patients (n=439, fulfilling of 2010 criteria in all) and family members (n=562) were assessed. Mutations were identified in 276 index-patients (63%). Index-patients presented predominantly with sustained ventricular arrhythmias (268; 61%). During a median follow-up of 7 years, 301 of the 416 index-patients presenting alive (72%) experienced sustained ventricular arrhythmias. Sudden cardiac death during follow-up occurred more frequently among index-patients without an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (10/63, 16% versus 2/335, 0.6%). Overall, cardiac mortality and the need for cardiac transplantation were low (6% and 4%, respectively). Clinical characteristics and outcomes were similar in index-patients with and without mutations, as well as in those with familial and nonfamilial ARVD/C. ARVD/C was diagnosed in 207 family members (37%). Symptoms at first evaluation correlated with disease expression. Family members with mutations were more likely to meet Task Force Criteria for ARVD/C (40% versus 18%), experience sustained ventricular arrhythmias (11% versus 1%), and die from a cardiac cause (2% versus 0%) than family members without mutations. Conclusions— Long-term outcome was favorable in diagnosed and treated ARVD/C index-patients and family members. Outcome in index-patients was modulated by implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation, but not by mutation status and familial background of disease. One third of family members developed ARVD/C. Outcome in family members was determined by symptoms at first evaluation and mutations.
    Keywords: Clinical genetics, Myocardial cardiomyopathy disease, Arrhythmias, clinical electrophysiology, drugs, Genetics of cardiovascular disease
    Print ISSN: 1942-325X
    Electronic ISSN: 1942-3268
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-03-11
    Description: Background— Brugada syndrome (BrS) primarily associates with the loss of sodium channel function. Previous studies showed features consistent with sodium current ( I Na ) deficit in patients carrying desmosomal mutations, diagnosed with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy). Experimental models showed correlation between the loss of expression of desmosomal protein plakophilin-2 (PKP2) and reduced I Na . We hypothesized that PKP2 variants that reduce I Na could yield a BrS phenotype, even without overt structural features characteristic of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results— We searched for PKP2 variants in the genomic DNA of 200 patients with a BrS diagnosis, no signs of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, and no mutations in BrS-related genes SCN5A, CACNa1c, GPD1L , and MOG1. We identified 5 cases of single amino acid substitutions. Mutations were tested in HL-1–derived cells endogenously expressing Na V 1.5 but made deficient in PKP2 (PKP2-KD). Loss of PKP2 caused decreased I Na and Na V 1.5 at the site of cell contact. These deficits were restored by the transfection of wild-type PKP2, but not of BrS-related PKP2 mutants. Human induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes from a patient with a PKP2 deficit showed drastically reduced I Na . The deficit was restored by transfection of wild type, but not BrS-related PKP2. Super-resolution microscopy in murine PKP2-deficient cardiomyocytes related I Na deficiency to the reduced number of channels at the intercalated disc and increased separation of microtubules from the cell end. Conclusions— This is the first systematic retrospective analysis of a patient group to define the coexistence of sodium channelopathy and genetic PKP2 variations. PKP2 mutations may be a molecular substrate leading to the diagnosis of BrS.
    Keywords: Arrythmias-basic studies
    Electronic ISSN: 1524-4539
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-10-10
    Keywords: Genetic, Association Studies, Genetics, Valvular Heart Disease
    Print ISSN: 1942-325X
    Electronic ISSN: 1942-3268
    Topics: Medicine
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