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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-08-29
    Description: The benefits of protected areas (PAs) for biodiversity have been questioned in the context of climate change because PAs are static, whereas the distributions of species are dynamic. Current PAs may, however, continue to be important if they provide suitable locations for species to colonize at their leading-edge range boundaries,...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Previous investigations of the core gene regulatory circuitry that controls the pluripotency of embryonic stem (ES) cells have largely focused on the roles of transcription, chromatin and non-coding RNA regulators. Alternative splicing represents a widely acting mode of gene regulation, yet its role in regulating ES-cell pluripotency and differentiation is poorly understood. Here we identify the muscleblind-like RNA binding proteins, MBNL1 and MBNL2, as conserved and direct negative regulators of a large program of cassette exon alternative splicing events that are differentially regulated between ES cells and other cell types. Knockdown of MBNL proteins in differentiated cells causes switching to an ES-cell-like alternative splicing pattern for approximately half of these events, whereas overexpression of MBNL proteins in ES cells promotes differentiated-cell-like alternative splicing patterns. Among the MBNL-regulated events is an ES-cell-specific alternative splicing switch in the forkhead family transcription factor FOXP1 that controls pluripotency. Consistent with a central and negative regulatory role for MBNL proteins in pluripotency, their knockdown significantly enhances the expression of key pluripotency genes and the formation of induced pluripotent stem cells during somatic cell reprogramming.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3933998/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3933998/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Han, Hong -- Irimia, Manuel -- Ross, P Joel -- Sung, Hoon-Ki -- Alipanahi, Babak -- David, Laurent -- Golipour, Azadeh -- Gabut, Mathieu -- Michael, Iacovos P -- Nachman, Emil N -- Wang, Eric -- Trcka, Dan -- Thompson, Tadeo -- O'Hanlon, Dave -- Slobodeniuc, Valentina -- Barbosa-Morais, Nuno L -- Burge, Christopher B -- Moffat, Jason -- Frey, Brendan J -- Nagy, Andras -- Ellis, James -- Wrana, Jeffrey L -- Blencowe, Benjamin J -- R01 HG002439/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R33 MH087908/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R33MH087908/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jun 13;498(7453):241-5. doi: 10.1038/nature12270. Epub 2013 Jun 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23739326" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alternative Splicing/genetics ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Line ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; HEK293 Cells ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Mice ; RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this prospective randomised study, pruritus and pain were evaluated in patients undergoing abdominal surgery in which intrathecal morphine was administered. Each patient received intrathecal morphine 0.3 mg prior to induction, followed by a standard anaesthetic. The patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups. One group received 100 mg of rectal diclofenac immediately post-induction. Patients receiving diclofenac had significantly lower pruritus scores at 30 min (p = 0.0076), 2, 4, 8 and 24 h postoperatively, as well as significantly reduced pain scores at each time point (p 〈 0.0001 at each study interval). Morphine consumption in the first 24 h was also significantly lower in this group. In conclusion, rectal administration of diclofenac significantly reduces the incidence and severity of postoperative pruritus. It also significantly reduces pain and further analgesic requirements postoperatively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 54 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this prospective randomised study, pruritus and pain were evaluated in patients undergoing abdominal surgery during which epidural fentanyl was administered. All patients had an epidural catheter inserted at the time of surgery. Epidural fentanyl 100 μg was administered intra-operatively and infused at a concentration of 2 μgml−1 for 48 h postoperatively. All patients received a standard anaesthetic and, in addition, the study group had a 20 mg bolus of tenoxicam intravenously, intra-operatively. Patients receiving tenoxicam demonstrated significantly lower pruritus and pain scores at 30 min, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h postoperatively as well as reduced pethidine requirements for breakthrough pain in the first 24 h. In conclusion, tenoxicam 20 mg significantly reduces the incidence and severity of postoperative pruritus in patients who received peri-operative epidural fentanyl. In addition, it significantly reduces pain and further analgesic requirements postoperatively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-04-26
    Description: In recent years, a greater appreciation for the microbes inhabiting human body sites has emerged. In the female mammary gland, milk has been shown to contain bacterial species, ostensibly reaching the ducts from the skin. We decided to investigate whether there is a microbiome within the mammary tissue. Using 16S rRNA sequencing and culture, we analyzed breast tissue from 81 women with and without cancer in Canada and Ireland. A diverse population of bacteria was detected within tissue collected from sites all around the breast in women aged 18 to 90, not all of whom had a history of lactation. The principal phylum was Proteobacteria . The most abundant taxa in the Canadian samples were Bacillus (11.4%), Acinetobacter (10.0%), Enterobacteriaceae (8.3%), Pseudomonas (6.5%), Staphylococcus (6.5%), Propionibacterium (5.8%), Comamonadaceae (5.7%), Gammaproteobacteria (5.0%), and Prevotella (5.0%). In the Irish samples the most abundant taxa were Enterobacteriaceae (30.8%), Staphylococcus (12.7%), Listeria welshimeri (12.1%), Propionibacterium (10.1%), and Pseudomonas (5.3%). None of the subjects had signs or symptoms of infection, but the presence of viable bacteria was confirmed in some samples by culture. The extent to which these organisms play a role in health or disease remains to be determined.
    Print ISSN: 0099-2240
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5336
    Topics: Biology
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