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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Immunotherapy in 2020 : Visions and Trends for Targeting Inflammatory Disease (2007)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Medicine ; Immunology ; Rheumatology ; Biomedicine ; Immunology ; Rheumatology ; Medicine ; Immunotherapy Congresses trends ; Inflammation Congresses therapy ; Immunotherapy Congresses ; Immunotherapy trends ; Congresses ; Inflammation Treatment ; Congresses ; Inflammation therapy ; Congresses ; Konferenzschrift 2006 ; Entzündung ; Chronische Krankheit ; Immuntherapie
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume features contributions from participants of the ESRF symposium on "Immunotherapy in 2020a "Visions and Trends for Targeting Inflammatory Diseases" held in Potsdam near Berlin, Germany, in October 2006. The symposium presentations covered the main mechanisms of immunoregulation such as peripheral and central tolerance, epigenetic programming, immunologic memory, and regulatory networks in inflammation as well as novel experimental and clinical approaches for targeting inflammation in autoimmunity and transplantation. An important related question is how recent finding
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 106 p, online resource)
    ISBN: 9783540708513
    Series Statement: Ernst Schering Foundation Symposium Proceedings 2006/4
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70851-3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-70851-3
    RVK:
    XG 4300
    RVK:
    XD 2800
    RVK:
    WF 9910
    RVK:
    XG 4400
    Language: English
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , Nature's Choice of Genes Controlling Chronic Inflammation; Targeting of Memory; Post-transcriptional Regulators in Inflammation: Exploring New Avenues in Biological Therapeutics; Immunomodulatory Therapies: Challenges of Individualized Therapy Strategies; T Cell Therapies; The Future of Antibody Therapy;
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monocyte deactivation-rationale for a new therapeutic strategy in sepsis (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. S474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Sepsis ; Peritonitis ; Monocyte deactivation ; IL-10 ; TNF-alpha ; IFN-gamma ; GM-CSF ; Plasmapheresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Inflammatory cells, in particular monocytes/macrophages, release pro-inflammatory mediators in response to several infectious and non-infectious stimuli. The excessive release of these mediators, resulting in the development of whole body inflammation, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock. TNF-alpha, acting synergistically with cytokines such as IL-1, GM-CSF and IFN-gamma, is the key mediator in the induction process of septic shock, as shown in several experimental models. Based on this concept and on the encouraging results obtained in several experimental models, a number of clinical sepsis trials targeting the production or action of TNF-alpha or IL-1 have been performed in recent years. Unfortunately, these trials have failed to demonstrate a therapeutic benefit. One reason for this may be the lack of exact immunologic analyses during the course of septic disease. Recently, we demonstrated that there is a biphasic immunologic response in sepsis: an initial hyperinflammatory phase is followed by a hypo-inflammmatory one. The latter is associated with immunodeficiency which is characterized by monocytic deactivation, which we have called “immunoparalysis”. While anti-inflammatory therapy (e.g. anti-TNF antibodies, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-10) makes sense during the initial hyperinflammatory phase, immune stimulation by removing inhibitory factors (plasmapheresis) or the administration of monocyte activating cytokines (IFN-gamma, GM-CSF) may be more useful during “immunoparalysis”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01743727
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytokines and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 7 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Cytokines are considered to be of major importance for the pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). Their impact may result from autocrine, paracrine or endocrine effects. Several investigations demonstrated the overexpression of different cytokines in different CTCL entities. Interestingly, stage-dependent shifts in the cytokine pattern have been observed in mycosis fungoides (MF). There is evidence that the abnormal cytokine expression in CTCL might be responsible for tumor progression, resulting from an enhanced proliferation of the malignant cells and/or the depression of the anti-tumor immune response. Moreover, cytokine loops might explain phenomena like the epidermotropism of malignant cells or eosinophilia and increased plasma levels of IgE, which are present in advanced stages of CTCL. Analysis of the cytokine pattern in CTCL might give the basis for direct therapeutic intervention into the cytokine network as a new therapeutic approach. In this review, the current knowledge regarding cytokines in CTCL is summarized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1998.tb00330.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IL-15 and IL-16 overexpression in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: stage-dependent increase in mycosis fungoides progression (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 9 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Cytokines are of major importance for the pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). Recent data suggested that IL-15 and IL-16 are survival/growth factors for the malignant T cells in these entities. To investigate the expression of IL-15 and IL-16 in mycosis fungoides (MF) and CD30+ pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma in vivo, we established a competitive RT-PCR technique. Analyzing skin biopsies from CTCL patients at different stages in comparison to psoriatic and healthy skin, we found IL-15 and IL-16 mRNA overexpression in both CTCL entities. Remarkably, there was some evidence for a stage-dependent increase during MF progression. We found only slight overexpression in early stage MF, when only few tumor cells are detectable within the infiltrates, whereas marked overexpression was found in more advanced lesions, which are characterized by a higher density of malignant cells. These results suggested that CTCL cells themselves might produce the cytokines. To further elucidate this hypothesis, two CTCL cell lines were analyzed but gave conflicting results. Therefore, the cellular origin of the IL-15 and IL-16 overexpression in CTCL remains unclear. Considering the significant overexpression of IL-15 and IL-16 and their biological capacities it is likely that these cytokines contribute to the tumor development. So, they might be involved in growth and skin homing of CTCL cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0625.2000.009004248.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subclinical activation of latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and anti-CMV immune response in patients with atopic dermatitis (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 148 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background Microbiological infections are considered to be of pathophysiological importance in atopic dermatitis (AD). As yet, no information is available regarding cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in this disease. This, however, is of interest because of the high prevalence of latent infections in the general population, the frequent reactivation in inflammatory diseases, and the immunomodulating capacity of CMV. Objectives To investigate the prevalence of latent CMV infection, the frequency of active CMV infection, and the immune response to CMV in patients with moderate to severe AD. Methods To detect active infection we analysed CMV antigen expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 27 patients with moderate to severe AD in comparison with 53 healthy volunteers. We used three monoclonal antibodies recognizing different CMV-encoded antigens and immunocytological staining (alkaline phosphatase–antialkaline phosphatase technique). Results Patients with AD had a higher mean frequency of CMV-positive PBMC: 2·25 per 10 000 vs. 0·74 per 10 000 in controls (P = 0·001) as well as a higher incidence of CMV antigenaemia: 29·6% vs. 7·5% (P 〈 0·01). Seropositivity for anti-CMV IgG antibodies indicated subclinical activation of latent infection. Remarkably, a clearance of CMV antigenaemia was observed during anti-eczematous treatment. Significantly higher plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor-α, which is involved in CMV reactivation, and interleukin-12, which is crucial for an antiviral cellular immune response, were observed in AD patients in comparison with healthy volunteers. Furthermore, a significantly enhanced frequency of circulating activated HLA-DR+ T cells especially in CMV-seropositive AD patients (19·3% vs. 13·5% in seronegative AD patients vs. 10·2% in controls) suggested that the active CMV infection triggers a cellular immune response. This was also supported by a high frequency of CMV-specific interferon-γ-producing T cells in CMV-seropositive patients with AD. Conclusions Our data suggest that active, subclinical CMV infection is more frequent in patients with moderate to severe AD and may have immunopathophysiological relevance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05263.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytokine expression in primary cutaneous germinal center cell lymphomas (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 9 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Physiologically, B-lymphocytes are not present in the skin. Even in pathological situations they rarely occur. In contrast, primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCL) are characterized by proliferation of B lymphocytes within the skin. This suggests the existence of a certain microenvironment supporting homing and expansion of clonal B cells. Cytokines were demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous lymphomas of T-cell origin. Cytokine expression in cutaneous B-cell lymphoma lesions, however, has not been investigated so far. Therefore, the mRNA level of several cytokines was analyzed in biopsies from 7 patients with CBCL and compared to pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma (n=6), psoriasis (n=9), and healthy skin (n=7), using a competitive RT-PCR approach. An overexpression of TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6 was found. Enhanced IL-8 mRNA expression was detected in 2/7 cases. The overexpression of IL-6 and IL-10 in CBCL might be of particular importance, since these cytokines are considered to support B-cell growth. Additionally, the overexpression of IL-10 may contribute to tumor progression since this immunosuppressive cytokine might be involved in downregulation of immunological tumor surveillance, in part by inhibiting type 1 cytokine formation. In fact, we did not detect IFN-γ and IL-2 expression. Taken together, we found a cytokine pattern in CBCL lesions which might contribute to tumor B-cell growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0625.2000.009001071.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytofluorometric assessment of phagosomal oxidation and the mode of inheritance in patients suffering from chronic granulomatous disease (1991)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 32 (1991), S. 134-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01983341
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin-10 in cutaneous disorders: implications for its pathophysiological importance and therapeutic use (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 291 (1999), S. 628-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Dermatology IL-10 ; Cytokines ; Inflammation ; Psoriasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With its antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive properties interleukin-10 (IL-10) plays a dominant role in several immune reactions including regulatory mechanisms in the skin. The overexpression of this mediator has been reported in some inflammatory dermatoses as well as in various skin tumors. These observations are of importance since they may explain the limitation of hyperinflammatory conditions as in eczemas and erythemas on the one hand and the suppression of an adequate antitumor response and thereby the progression of malignant tumors on the other hand. Moreover, elevated IL-10 expression might contribute to an enhanced risk of development of microbacterial superinfections, a frequent finding in several dermatoses, and might also be involved in the pathogenesis of connective tissue diseases. In contrast, recent studies indicate a relative IL-10 deficiency in psoriasis. Early clinical data from psoriatic patients treated with recombinant human IL-10 suggest the therapeutic potential of this cytokine and underline its impact on the regulation of the skin immune system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050467
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow cytometric characterization of lesional T cells in psoriasis: intracellular cytokine and surface antigen expression indicates an activated, memory/effector type 1 immunophenotype (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 292 (2000), S. 519-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Psoriasis ; T cells ; Immunophenotypic characterization ; CXCR3 ; Cytokines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030000167
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