Note: Paul J. Crutzen and the Anthropocene: A New Epoch in Earth's History -- Foreword -- Outline placeholder -- The Flight around Mount Everest -- Crutzen's Research Results -- Preface -- Rethinking Science for the Anthropocene: The Perspective of Geoanthropology -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: Aims and Approach of This Book -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Boxes -- 1 Paul J. Crutzen and the Path to the Anthropocene -- 1.1 Paul Crutzen: Biographical Notes -- 1.2 NOx, Supersonic Transports and Stratospheric Ozone -- 1.3 NOx, CFCs and the Discovery of the Ozone Hole -- 1.4 The 'Nuclear Winter'-Hypothesis -- 1.5 Geo-Engineering: A Tricky Scientific Debate to Handle Responsibility in the Anthropocene? -- References -- Part I Texts by Paul J. Crutzen and his Close Colleagues and Co-authors on the Anthropocene -- 2 The 'Anthropocene' (2000) -- References -- 3 Geology of Mankind (2002) -- Further Reading -- 4 The 'Anthropocene' (2002) -- 4.1 The Holocene -- 4.2 The Anthropocene -- 4.3 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Atmospheric Chemistry in the 'Anthropocene' (2002) -- 6 How Long Have We Been in the Anthropocene Era? (2003) -- References -- 7 Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate in the Anthropocene: Where Are We Heading? (2004) -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Pressing Problems Related to the Chemical Composition of the Atmosphere -- 7.2.1 The 'Greenhouse' Gases CO2, CH4, and N2O -- 7.2.2 Ozone, the Cleansing Effect of Hydroxyl in the Troposphere, and Acid Rain -- 7.2.3 Biomass Burning and the Consequences of Land-Use Change in the Developing World -- 7.2.4 Light-Absorbing and Light-Scattering Particles and Regional Surface Climate Forcing -- 7.3 Policy-Related Issues, Lessons to Be Learned -- 7.3.1 The 'Ozone Hole' -- 7.3.2 How Well Do We Know the Science of Climate Change? -- 7.4 Final Remark. , Appendix 7.1: The 'Anthropocene' -- Appendix 7.2: The Ozone Hole -- References -- 8 Earth System Dynamics in the Anthropocene (2004) -- 8.1 The Earth System in the Anthropocene -- 8.2 Climate Sensitivity -- 8.3 Earth System Geography in the Anthropocene -- 8.4 "Achilles' Heels" in the Earth System -- 8.4.1 Abrupt Changes in the Physical Earth System -- 8.4.2 Complexity in the Chemistry of the Atmosphere -- 8.4.3 Ecological Complexity and Earth System Functioning -- 8.4.4 Pandemics -- 8.4.5 Current Knowledge Base on Abrupt Changes -- 8.5 Systems of Models and Observations -- 8.5.1 The Current State-of-the-Art in Climate Projection -- 8.5.2 New Tools Required to Guide Policy in the Anthropocene -- 8.5.3 Further Developments in Earth System Modelling -- 8.5.4 Models of Biodiversity -- 8.6 Technological Fix and Substitution -- 8.7 Research Challenges -- 8.7.1 Climate Sensitivity -- 8.7.2 Earth System Geography -- 8.7.3 Abrupt Changes -- 8.7.4 Models and Observations -- 8.7.5 Technological Substitution -- References -- 9 The Anthropocene: Are Humans Now Overwhelming the Great Forces of Nature? (2007) -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Pre-anthropocene Events -- 9.3 The Industrial Era (ca. 1800-1945): Stage 1 of the Anthropocene -- 9.4 The Great Acceleration (1945-ca. 2015): Stage 2 of the Anthropocene -- 9.5 Stewards of the Earth System? (ca. 2015-?): Stage 3 of the Anthropocene -- References -- 10 Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate in the Anthropocene (2007) -- References -- 11 Fate of Mountain Glaciers in the Anthropocene (2011) -- 11.1 Summary -- 11.1.1 Receding Glaciers Require Urgent Responses -- 11.2 Specific Findings and Recommendations -- 11.2.1 Anthropocene: A New Geological Epoch -- 11.2.2 The Earth Is Warming and the Impacts of Climate Change Are Increasing -- 11.2.3 The Earth's Glaciers Are Retreating: Causes and Consequences. , 11.2.4 Avoiding 'Dangerous Anthropogenic Interference' Requires Clear and Binding Climate Targets -- 11.2.5 Rapid Mitigation Is Required If Warming and Associated Impacts Are to Be Limited -- 12 Living in the Anthropocene: Toward a New Global Ethos (2011) -- 13 The Anthropocene: From Global Change to Planetary Stewardship (2011) -- 13.1 People and the Planet: Humanity at a Crossroads in the Twenty-First Century -- 13.1.1 Provisioning Goods and Services -- 13.1.2 Supporting Services -- 13.1.3 Regulating Services -- 13.2 The Anthropocene: From Hunter-Gatherers to a Global Geophysical Force -- 13.3 Understanding Planetary Dynamics: Earth as Our Life Support System -- 13.4 The Twenty-First Century Challenge: Toward Planetary Stewardship -- 13.5 The Anthropocene From a Complex Systems Perspective -- 13.6 Conclusion - Key Messages -- References -- 14 Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate in the Anthropocene (2012) -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Changes in the Biosphere -- 14.3 Human Alterations of Global Biogeochemical Cycles -- 14.4 Atmospheric Chemistry -- 14.5 Climate in the Anthropocene -- 14.6 The Evidence of Climate Change -- 14.7 Mitigating Climate Change -- 14.7.1 Reductions in Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- 14.7.2 Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy Production -- 14.8 Climate Engineering -- 14.9 Summary -- References -- 15 Climate, Atmospheric Chemistry and Biogenic Processes in the Anthropocene (2012) -- 15.1 Climate, Atmospheric Chemistry and Biogenic Processes in the Anthropocene -- References -- 16 The Palaeoanthropocene - The Beginnings of Anthropogenic Environmental Change (2013) -- 16.1 The Anthropocene - Climate or Environment? -- 16.2 The Palaeoanthropocene -- 16.3 Studying the Palaeoanthropocene -- 16.3.1 Human Subsistence and Migration -- 16.3.2 Regional Palaeoclimate -- 16.3.3 Palaeoenvironmental Sciences. , References -- 17 Stratigraphic and Earth System Approaches to Defining the Anthropocene (2016) -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Historical Relationship Between Stratigraphy and Earth System Science -- 17.3 Unravelling Earth System Evolution From the Chronostratigraphic Record -- 17.3.1 Evolution of the Biosphere -- 17.3.2 Evolution of the Climate System -- 17.3.3 Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum -- 17.3.4 Pliocene Epoch -- 17.3.5 The Quaternary Period: Complex-System Behaviour of the Climate -- 17.3.6 Biosphere-Climate Interaction-The Earth System -- 17.4 The Contemporary Period-A Changing Relationship -- 17.5 Defining the Anthropocene by Integrating Stratigraphic and Earth System Approaches -- 17.5.1 Stratigraphic Anthropocene -- 17.5.2 Earth System Anthropocene -- 17.6 The Future Trajectory of the Anthropocene -- 17.7 Conclusion -- References -- 18 Was Breaking the Taboo on Research on Climate Engineering via Albedo Modification a Moral Hazard, or a Moral Imperative? (2016/2017) -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 The Framing in 2006 -- 18.2.1 The Policy Dilemma Framing -- 18.2.2 The Research Needs and Hazards Framing -- 18.3 Resulting Developments -- 18.4 Future Developments -- References -- 19 Declaration of the Health of People, Health of Planet and Our Responsibility-Climate Change, Air Pollution and Health Workshop (2017) -- 19.1 Statement of the Problem -- 19.2 Principal Findings -- 19.3 Proposed Solutions -- 19.4 End of Declaration -- 20 Transition to a Safe Anthropocene (2017), Foreword to Well Under 2 ℃: Fast Action Policies to Protect People and the Planet from Extreme Climate Change -- Part II Reflections and Review of Global Debate on the Anthropocene -- 21 The Anthropocene - Reflections (January 2018) -- References. , 22 The Anthropocene Concept in the Natural and Social Sciences, the Humanities and Law - A Bibliometric Analysis and a Qualitative Interpretation (2000-2020) -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.1.1 Crutzen's Coining of the Anthropocene Concept in 2000 -- 22.1.2 When did the Anthropocene Epoch of Earth's History Start? -- 22.1.3 The Vote of the Anthropocene Working Group of 2019 -- 22.2 Analysing the Anthropocene Concept -- 22.2.1 Predecessors and Alternatives to the Anthropocene Concept -- 22.2.2 Three Less Promising Methodological Frameworks -- 22.2.3 A Bibliometric or Scientometric Analysis -- 22.3 Bibliometric Analysis of the Anthropocene Literature (May 2000-January 2021) -- 22.3.1 Publications on the Anthropocene Offered by Amazon -- 22.3.2 Anthropocene Literature in the World Catalogue -- 22.3.3 Indexing Companies (Web of Science and Scopus) -- 22.3.4 Anthropocene Texts Listed by Research Areas and Disciplines on the Web of Science and Scopus (2001-2020) -- 22.3.5 Anthropocene Texts Listed by Countries and Language on the Web of Science and Scopus (2001-2020) -- 22.3.6 Anthropocene Texts Listed by Type, Journals and Book Series on the Web of Science and Scopus (2001-2021) -- 22.3.7 Anthropocene Texts Listed by Authors and Editors on the Web of Science and Scopus (2001-2021) -- 22.3.8 Anthropocene Texts Listed by Organisations and Universities on the Web of Science and Scopus (2001-2021) -- 22.3.9 Websites on the Anthropocene - List of Hyperlinks -- 22.4 Bibliometric Analyses of the Anthropocene in the Literature Listed Above by Scientific Discipline -- 22.4.1 Four Phases of the Gradual Increase in the Anthropocene -- 22.4.2 The Anthropocene Concept in the Natural Sciences -- 22.4.3 The Anthropocene: An Emerging Concept in the Social Sciences: Common and Distinct Features -- 22.4.4 The Anthropocene: A Concept in the Humanities. , 22.4.5 The Anthropocene in National and International Law.

Note: Environmental Impact Of Power Generation -- Contents -- Historical Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History -- 3 The Nature and Importance of Environmental Impacts -- 4 Environmental Regulation: the Framework -- 5 Some Important Issues -- 6 Conclusions -- Impact of Power Generation on Air Quality -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Trends in Emissions -- 3 Dispersion and Dilution -- 4 Fraction of Smoke and SO2 Leaving the Country -- 5 Lifetime of SO2 -- 6 Proportionality between Emissions and Deposition -- 7 Critical Loads -- 8 International Agreements on Transboundary Pollution -- 9 Road Transport Pollution in the 1990s -- 10 Local Air Quality Management -- 11 Climate Change -- 12 Conclusions -- Environmental Performance of the Liberalized UK Power Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Policy -- 3 Policy Implementation-ISO 14001 and EMAS -- 4 Meeting Legislative Requirements -- 5 Impact of New EU Legislation and International Standards -- 6 Environmental Performance Post Privatization -- 7 Towards Sustainability -- BPEO Approaches to the Design and Siting of Power Stations -- 1 The BPEO Concept -- 2 BPEO Assessment Procedure -- 3 Assessment Methodology -- 4 Conclusions -- Environmental Impact of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Radiological Impact -- 3 Non-radiological Environmental Impact -- 4 Future Implications and Summary -- 5 Glossary -- Electric and Magnetic Fields and Ecology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Electric Fields at the Conductor Surface -- 3 Electric Fields and their Effects -- 4 Electric Fields at Ground Level -- 5 Magnetic Fields -- 6 Some Non-field Issues -- 7 Studies of Plants and Animals in the Vicinity of Transmission Lines -- 8 Biological Mechanisms -- 9 Electric and Magnetic Fields and Health -- 10 Limitations on Exposure -- 11 Conclusions -- Energy Efficiency and Conservation -- 1 Introduction to Least Cost Planning. , 2 Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) as an Instrument of Strategic Utility Planning -- 3 Accounting for the Environmental Externalities of Electricity Production-A Summary of USA Practice -- 4 Monetization Using Damage Costs -- 5 Monetization Using Control Costs -- 6 Damage Costs versus Control Costs for Policy Purposes -- 7 Unpriceable Environmental Costs -- 8 References -- Subject Index.

Note: Air Pollution And Health -- Contents -- Health Effects of Gaseous Air Pollutants -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Quantification of Effect -- 3 Chronic Effects -- 4 Sulfur Dioxide -- 5 Nitrogen Dioxide -- 6 Carbon Monoxide -- 7 Ozone -- 8 Overall Conclusions -- The Mechanism of Lung Injury Caused by PM10 -- 1 Adverse Health Effects of PM10 -- 2 Target Tissues for the Adverse Health Effects of PM10 -- 3 Toxic Potency of PM10 -- 4 Ultrafine Particles -- 5 Transition Metals -- 6 Hypothetical Mechanism for the Cardiovascular Effects of PM -- 7 Activation of NF-KB in the Lungs after Inhalation of Ultrafine Particles as a Central Initiating Event -- 8 Implications of an Oxidative Stress-mediated Mechanism of Action of PM10 for Susceptibility in Patients with Airways Disease -- Chemical Carcinogens -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Benzene -- 3 1,3-Butadiene -- 4 Formaldehyde -- 5 Other Aldehydes -- 6 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) -- 7 Conclusion -- Setting Health-based Air Quality Standards -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sources of Air Quality Standards -- 3 Setting Air Quality Standards -- 4 Understanding Exposure-Response Relationships -- 5 Determining an Acceptable Level of Effects -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- The 1997 US EPA Standards for Particulate Matter and Ozone -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Particulate Matter -- 3 Ozone -- 4 Acknowledgements -- Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollutants -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Pollutants -- 3 Other Issues -- 4 Conclusions -- 5 Acknowledgements -- Subject Index.

Note: Mining And Its Environmental Impact -- Contents -- Mining Non-ferrous Metals -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Environmental Background -- 3 Extraction and Concentration (Mining and Milling) -- 4 Smelting, Refining, and Recycling-Regulatory Developments -- 5 Treatment Technologies-Options to Meet Tighter Regulatory Criteria -- 6 Costs -- The Environmental Impact of Gold Mining in the Brazilian Amazon -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Amazon Gold Rush Since 1979 -- 3 The Environmental Impact of Garimpo Mining -- 4 The Impact of Mercury Use in the Brazilian Amazon -- Revegetation of Metalliferous Wastes and Land After Metal Mining -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Constraints Upon Revegetation -- 3 Revegetation Objectives -- 4 Philosophies of Revegetation -- 5 Revegetation Techniques and Land Use -- 6 Direct Seeding -- 7 Surface Improvement and Covering Systems -- 8 Management and Aftercare -- 9 Conclusions -- Vegetative Remediation at Superfund Sites -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chemical Aspects of Metal-contaminated Soils and Mine Spoils -- 3 Microbial Aspects of Metal-contaminated Soils and Mine Spoils -- 4 Vegetative Remediation at Mine Sites: Case Studies -- 5 Modeling of the Fate of Heavy Metals in Vegetated Soils -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Green Coal Mining -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mining Methods and Impacts -- 3 Review of Workplace Environmental Hazards and Controls -- 4 Mining Environmental Impacts and Controls -- 5 Technology to Mitigate Environmental Impact -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Mining Emissions from Coal Mining -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Knowledge About the Emission Sources -- 3 Technical Option for Emissions Control -- Acknowledgements -- Constructing Ecosystems and Determining Their Connectivity to the Larger Ecological Landscape -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Post-mining Site Reclamation. , 3 Constructed Wetlands in Coal Mining Regions of Southwest Virginia -- Acknowledgements -- The Discharge of Waters from Active and Abandoned Mines -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Nature of Mine Water and its Potential Environmental Impact -- 3 Active and Abandoned Mines -- 4 The Scale of the Problem from Abandoned Mines -- 5 Some Thoughts for the Future -- Environmental Best-practice in Metals Production -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Limitations of Environmental Regulation and Challenge for Public Policy -- 3 Technical Change and Corporate Environmental Trajectories -- 4 Policy Implications for Mineral Producing Countries -- Acknowledgements -- Subject Index.

Note: Risk Assessment And Risk Management -- Contents -- Isolation or Integration? The Relationship between Risk Assessment and Risk Management -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Historical Review -- 3 Risk Assessment in Siting Decisions -- 4 Risk Ranking and Site Prioritization in the Management of Contaminated Land -- 5 The Development of Operator and Pollution Risk Appraisal (OPRA) -- 6 Using Risk Assessment as a Means to Derive National Policy Objectives -- 7 Conclusions -- The Use of Risk Assessment in Government -- 1 Risk and Government -- 2 Problems -- 3 Solutions -- 4 Adopting Quality Regulation -- 5 Establishing Networks for Achieving More Effective Liaison between Departments -- 6 Improving Systems for Communicating Risk Information to the Public -- 7 Strengthening the Links with Industry, Non-Governmental Organizations and Academic Institutions -- 8 Concluding Remarks -- Pollution Risk Management -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Potable Water Risk Management -- 3 General Environmental Risk Management -- 4 Major Accident Risk Management -- 5 The Future -- Quantitative Cancer Risk Assessment-Pitfalls and Progress -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Early History -- 3 Regulatory Practice -- 4 Major Criticisms and Controversies -- 5 Advances and New Approaches for Cancer Risk Assessment -- 6 Conclusions -- 7 Acknowledgements -- Environmental Risk Assessment and Management of Chemicals -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Detergent Surfactant Biodegradability -- 3 OECD/ISO/EU Test Methods -- 4 OECD/EU Environmental Risk Assessment -- 5 Environmental Risk Management -- 6 Conclusions and Summary -- Assessment of Risks to Human Health from Landfilling of Household Wastes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Hazard Identification -- 3 Release and Transport of Contaminants -- 4 Exposure Assessment -- 5 Toxicity Assessment -- 6 Risk Estimation, Evaluation and Control -- 7 Case Study -- 8 Summary. , 9 Acknowledgements -- 10 Appendix -- Aquatic Risk Assessment and Risk Management for Pesticides -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Effects Assessment -- 3 Exposure Assessment -- 4 Risk Characterization -- Subject Index.