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  • 1
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    Site selection for creepmeter fault monitoring in a complex volcano- tectonic framework: the Mt. Etna eastern flank as an example (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-14
    Description: Mt. Etna is one of the most active volcanoes representing an exceptional natural laboratory for in-depth studies on volcano-tectonic processes. The volcano is well monitored by the INGV-OE seismic and geodetic network onshore given the high population density along its slopes, which have been affected not only by volcanic eruptions but also by damaging earthquakes. Seismicity is higher in the eastern slope which is also affected by slow gravitational sliding toward the sea with an active deformation also offshore. Flank instability is accommodated by fault systems characterized by seismic and aseismic segments with normal and strike-slip kinematics, and bounded to the N by the Pernicana Fault and to the S by the Tremestieri-Trecastagni-Aci Trezza Faults. The Trecastagni Fault is monitored by two extensometers held by INGV-OE, while offshore monitoring has been recently improved with five GEOMAR transponders along the Aci Trezza Fault offshore extension. Dyke intrusions on Etna can cause stress variations along faults triggering earthquakes and fank instability; moreover, fault creep events can follow or precede earthquakes. This pattern of interacting phenomena demonstrates how changes in the stress regime trigger seismic and aseismic transients on different faults and also causes eruptions probably related to significant extensional regime in the crust. Thus, it is important to improve the actual monitoring system with creepmeters providing time series of displacement across active faults with continuous and high-resolution measurements (1 µm). In this work we provide the first results of the geological and geophysical investigations in the Etna eastern flank and we present the methodology to characterize best suited sites, currently in progress, for future installation.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Poster
  • 2
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    Searching for the 1912 Maymyo earthquake: New evidence from paleoseismic investigations along the Kyaukkyan Fault, Myanmar (2019)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-12-12
    Description: The Great Burma earthquake (MsGR 8.0; Ms 7.6–7.7) occurred on May 23rd, 1912, and was one of the most remarkable early 1900's seismic events in Asia as described by Gutenberg and Richter (1954). The earthquake, focused near Maymyo, struck the Northern Shan State in eastern Myanmar. Contemporary evaluation of damage distribution and oral accounts led to a correlation between the earthquake and the topographically prominent Kyaukkyan Fault near the western margin of the Shan Plateau, although direct evidence has never been reported. This study aims to find evidence of paleoseismic activity, and to better understand the relationship between the 1912 earthquake and the Kyaukkyan Fault. Paleoseismic trenching along the Kyaukkyan Fault revealed evidence of several surface rupturing events. The northernmost trench exposes at least two visible rupture events since 4660 ± 30 BP: an older rupture stratigraphically constrained by AMS 14C dating to between 4660 ± 30 BP and 1270 ± 30 BP, and a younger rupture formed after 1270 ± 30 BP. The presence of pottery, bricks and cookingrelated charcoal in the younger faulted stratigraphy demonstrates Kyaukkyan Fault activity within human times, and a possible correlation between the younger rupture and the 1912 Maymyo earthquake is not excluded. The southern paleoseismic trench, within a broad transtensional basin far from bounding faults, exposes two (undated) surface ruptures. Further study is required to correlate those ruptures to the events dated in the north. These preliminary paleoseismological results constitute the first quantitative evidence of paleoseismic activity along the northern ~160 km of the Kyaukkyan Fault, and support existing evidence that the Kyaukkyan Fault is an active but slow-slipping structure with a long interseismic period.
    Description: Published
    Description: 75-86
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Paleoseismology ; active tectonics ; Myanmar ; 1912 earthquake ; strike-slip faulting ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Evidence of Quaternary and recent activity along the Kyaukkyan Fault, Myanmar (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-08
    Description: Cenozoic right-lateral shear between the eastern Indian margin and Eurasia is expressed by numerous N-S trending fault systems inboard of the Sunda trench, including the Sagaing Fault. The most easterly of these fault systems is the prominent ∼500 km long Kyaukkyan Fault, on the Shan Plateau. Myanmar’s largest recorded earthquake, Mw 7.7 on 23rd May 1912, focused near Maymyo, has been attributed to the Kyaukkyan Fault, but the area has experienced little significant seismicity since then. Despite its demonstrated seismic potential and remarkable topographic expression, questions remain about the Kyaukkyan Fault’s neotectonic history. In this study we document robust geologic evidence of fault activity along the Kyaukkyan Fault. Field investigation and interpretation of satellite imagery reveal deformation features developed along a fault system mostly indicative of Quaternary dextral strike-slip faulting. Clearly defined tectonic geomorphology, including fault scarps and linear valleys, are used to trace the northernmost and southernmost part of the fault. The fault’s central section is characterised by a complex pull-apart system, whose normal border faults show signals of relatively slow recent activity. Dextral transtensional activity along the Kyaukkyan Fault is recorded by geomorphic features such as sag ponds, shutter ridges, offset and beheaded streams, triangular facets and low-sinuosity mountain fronts. The Quaternary age of activity is demonstrated by short-lived geomorphic features such as wind-gaps, offset and deformed alluvial fans, and even offset of man-made structures. In the Inle basin, alluvial fan successions along the easternmost mountain front reveal a vertical transition from faulted and folded alluvial fan sequences adjacent to pre-Cenozoic flanking ranges, to overlying gravels that appear less deformed. Conversely, a locally buried cross-basin fault system has fresh geomorphic expression even within the uppermost parts of the lacustrine/fluvial basin fill. This may indicate Quaternary migration of dominant fault deformation from sidewall faults to a cross-basin fault system, which is indicative of a mature strike-slip fault system and has been observed in other active strike-slip faults around the world and in analogue models.
    Description: Published
    Description: 207-225
    Description: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    PAPER (OA)
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