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  • 1
    In: 43
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: VI, 49 S , graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Technical report / Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 91-18
    Language: English
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A study was undertaken to investigate the use of mass balance modeling techniques to predict air pollution concentrations in residential settings where the source is evaporative emissions of alternative fuels emitted in the attached garage. Field study measurements of the spatial and temporal distribution of evaporative emissions in an attached garage were used to conduct this investigation. In this field study, known quantities of methanol were allowed to evaporate in the garage. Methanol concentrations were then measured and simulated in the garage. Because chemical and physical properties of this contaminant are clearly understood, it was possible to simulate the concentrations inside the remainder of the house.A multi-zonal mass balance model (CONTAM88) was used to predict the across-residence spatial and temporal distribution of concentrations of evaporative emissions from a methanol source inside the attached garage. The model's input data include physical characteristics of the house; parameters characterizing the leakiness of the house; heat, ventilation and air-conditioning system characteristics; fixed airflow data from vent registers; on-site meteorological measurements; and information on the contaminant source.Before using the model to simulate methanol dispersions, the model's performance was tested. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) measurements were taken throughout the residence and garage. The model was used to predict interzonal airflow rates and SF6 concentration distributions within the garage and the house, as well as to investigate the well-mixed zone assumption for the garage. Modeling results show that predicted garage SF6 concentrations agreed reasonably well with the measured concentrations under mixed conditions, but the model underpredicted the SF6 concentrations within rooms of the house where mixing was probably incomplete. Methanol simulation results showed that the model underpredicted by approximately 15 percent the garage methanol concentration after methanol emissions stopped.This study found that evaporative emissions in an attached garage have a tendency to infiltrate the house, with rooms adjacent to the garage showing the highest levels of methanol concentrations. Thus automotive evaporative emissions may represent a source of indoor pollution and human exposure in a residential attached garage and also in other critical locations of the residence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Humidity sensors using various principles of operation are evaluated for the potential use at sea on buoys and ships. Thin film capacitive polymer sensors include the Vaisala Humicap HMP-14U (with WHOI electronics), Hy-Cal Engineerig Ultra-H (also with WHOI electronics), the new Vaisala HMP-35A, and the Rotronic MP-lOOF. Impedance sensors include the Thunder Scientific PC-2101, Phys-Chem PCRC-ll, and the General Eastern 850. The Hygrometrix 8503A is the only organically based cellulose crystallite sensor evaluated. Chilled mirror dew sensors include the EG&G 200M Dewtrak, which was used as a comparative standard, the General Eastern Dew-lO and the WHOI D10IQ Intelligent Dew Point Sensor. The IR-200 infrared optical hygrometer from Ophir is also included in this study. The performance of the EG&G 200M Dewtrak was quite disappointing. Errors of up to 2.5°C in air temperature were observed due to inadequate shielding from solar radiation.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE-87-09614.
    Keywords: Humidity sensors ; Meteorological instrumentation ; Marine meteorology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 2205505 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: A Severe Environment Surface Mooring (SESMOOR) was designed to make long term meteorological and near surface oceanographic measurements in areas where harsh envionmental conditions prevail. SESMOOR was deployed in the North Atlantic Ocean approximately 300 km southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia for 141 days during the winter of 1988-89. Meterological data were acquired from two Vector Averaging Wind Recorders (VAWR) located on top of a specially designed buoy mast and included air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, wind velocity, solar and longwave radiation. Sea surface temperature was also acquired by the VAWR. Current velocities and sea temperatures were obtained from two Vector Measuring Current Meters (VMCM) at 20 and 50 meters below the sea surface. This report discusses instrument performance, data quality, pre-and post-deployment calibrations, data telemetry, data processing procedures. This report also presents the data in a variety of displays.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-84-C-0134, NR 083-400 and Grant No. N00014-90-J-1423.
    Keywords: Ocean currents ; Ocean temperature ; Moored instruments ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC203 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN192
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 1629682 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Rainfall data obtained from an optical rain gauge and a capacitive siphon rain gauge are analyzed and discussed. These sensors were developed for unattended use and are being considered for use at sea on ships and buoys.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE-87-09614
    Keywords: Marine meteorology ; Precipitation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Several different types of solar radiation air temperature shields are evaluated for use at sea on ships and buoys. They include three types of static or Thaller shields, two vane oriented shields, and two fan ventilated shields. A preliminary data analysis is presented and discussed.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE-87-09614
    Keywords: Marine meteorology ; Solar radiation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Stability tests over periods ranging from 3 to 19 months have been carried out on Paroscientific models 215-AT and 760-15A, AIR DB-1A, Rosemount 1201F1B, Setra 270 and Heise 623 electronic barometers. The Paroscientific barometers had the highest accuracy, stability, and price, and the lowest power consumption. The Rosemount 1201FIB had excellent stability but high power consumption as well as price. The AIR DB-1A and Setra 270 have good stability and moderate power consumption and price. The tests are being expanded to include inexpensive sensors.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE-87-09614
    Keywords: Marine meteorology ; Oceanographic instruments
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Three different types of pyranometers (two of each) are tested and evaluated. The sensors include the Eppley Precision Spectral Pyranometer (PSP) which meets the World Meteorological Organization (1965) criteria for a first class pyranometer, the Eppley 8-48 Black and White Pyranometer (second class) and the Hollis MR-5 Silicon Photovoltaic Pyranometer (third class).
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE-87-09614
    Keywords: Marine meteorology ; Pyranometer
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Data are analyzed from a test buoy equipped with a motion sensor (Hippy) and two different pyranometers in order to understand and quantify motion induced errors in meteorological data. The Hippy measures pitch, roll, heave and acceleration of the buoy. Probability density functions and spectra of buoy motion and insolation are constructed and discussed.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE-87-09614
    Keywords: Marine meteorology ; Solar radiation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: application/pdf
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