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  • 1
  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-12-08
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The diversity of bacterial communities in deep marine sediments, up to 503 metres below the sea floor of the Japan Sea, was investigated by sequence analysis of amplified 16S rRNA genes. The use of different sample handling procedures greatly affected the types and diversity of sequences obtained. DNA from sediment samples stored aerobically for up to 24 h before freezing was dominated by sequences belonging to the β- and γ-proteobacteria, many of which appeared to originate from aerobic bacteria. Sub-samples equilibrated anaerobically at 16°C, were then injected with a radiotracer and immediately frozen, to simulate the conditions of a typical control sample from a radiotracer based activity assay, contained mostly α-proteobacterial sequences. Pristine sediment samples taken anaerobically and frozen within 2 h contained the widest diversity of sequences from α-, γ-, δ-proteobacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, which appeared to have originated from predominantly anaerobic or facultative bacteria. It was clear that both samples that were not frozen immediately (within 2 h) showed signs of enrichment of specific bacterial groups. Our results strongly suggest that immediate freezing should always be employed when sediment samples are to be used to assess bacterial diversity by molecular methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The microbial community of a deep (to 234 m below the sea floor) sediment gas hydrate deposit (Cascadia Margin Ocean Drilling Program Site 889/890, Leg 146) was analysed for the first time by molecular genetic techniques. Both bacterial and methanogen diversity were determined by phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA sequences. High molecular mass DNA, indicative of active bacteria, was present in all of the samples. Ribosomal RNA genes were amplified from extracted DNA extracted from sediment using bacteria, and methanogen specific PCR primers, the latter designed in this study. Phylogenetic analysis of approximately 400 bacterial clones demonstrated that 96% were members of the Proteobacteria. These clones were affiliated with the α, β and γ subdivisions, with Caulobacter (Zymomonas group), Ralstonia and Pseudomonas phylotypes predominating. The methanogen clones were of low diversity and clustered in three sub-groups. Two of these sub-groups (contained 96% of the 400 clones) were closely related to Methanosarcina mazeii, while the third sub-group clustered in the Methanobacteriales. This analysis of a deep sediment gas hydrate environment shows a bacteria and methanogen community of limited diversity and confirms that the gas hydrate zone is biogeochemically active. These results are consistent with the presence of bacterial populations capable of methanogenesis throughout the core, and suggest that the methane hydrate at this site is at least partially biogenic in origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Deep-sea sediments become apparently more hostile to life with increasing depth as temperature and pressure rise, and organic matter becomes increasingly recalcitrant. Demonstrations of high bacterial populations in deep sediments, may thus appear enigmatic. How, then, can the continued ...
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The sub-seafloor biosphere is the largest prokaryotic habitat on Earth but also a habitat with the lowest metabolic rates. Modelled activity rates are very low, indicating that most prokaryotes may be inactive or have extraordinarily slow metabolism. Here we present results from two Pacific ...
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Chemical analyses of the pore waters from hundreds of deep ocean sediment cores have over decades provided evidence for ongoing processes that require biological catalysis by prokaryotes. This sub-seafloor activity of microorganisms may influence the surface Earth by changing the chemistry of ...
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrogeology journal 8 (2000), S. 11-28 
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Keywords: microbial processes ; subseafloor sediments ; bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Les bactéries souterraines existent aussi dans les sédiments d'origine hydrothermale où régnent des gradients de température élevés (jusqu'à 12°C/m) et où sont présentes des populations semblables en nombre à celles des sites non hydrothermaux, à températures psychrophiles à mésophiles. A de plus grandes profondeurs et à des températures plus élevées, les populations diminuent trés rapidement, mais elles sont encore significativement présentes jusqu'aux températures hyperthermophiles et sont même stimulées par l'écoulement d'eau marine souterraine. Ces résultats laissent penser que la température seule ne limite pas les bactéries dans les sédiments non hydrothermaux jusqu'à environ 4 km; selon certains indices, les processus bactériens peuvent même être entretenus par des interactions avec les processus liés à la température lorsque les températures augmentent au cours de l'enfouissement profond du sédiment. Ces expériences démontrent qu'en présence de substrats organiques dégradables les bactéries à croissance active peuvent se déplacer plus rapidement que le sédiment se dépose; ainsi ces bactéries ne sont pas nécessairement piégées et enfouies. Cependant, la croissance bactérienne décroît jusqu'à une profondeur à laquelle les bactéries souterraines ne seraient plus capables de garder le dessus sur le taux de sédimentation et finiraient donc par être enfouies. Dans certaines circonstances, comme dans les couches à sapropel à forte teneur en matiére organique de la Méditerranée, les bactéries peuvent être enfouies dans une couche particuliére. Certaines bactéries souterraines peuvent utiliser une matiére organique ancienne et résistante, mais seulement trés lentement; elles semblent posséder une stratégie de biomasse élevée et de faible taux de croissance, adaptée à leur habitat géologique à flux d'énergie généralement faible.
    Abstract: Las bacterias también pueden aparecer en los sedimentos hidrotermales con grandes gradientes térmicos (hasta 12°C/m), en cantidades similares a los no-hidrotermales, y a temperaturas entre psicrofílicas y mesofílicas. A profundidades y temperaturas mayores las poblaciones se reducen rápidamente, pero siguen manifestándose hasta temperaturas hipertermofílicas, e incluso son estimuladas por el flujo de agua marina. Según esto, la temperatura por sí sola no limita la presencia de bacterias en sedimentos hidrotermales hasta profundidades de 4 km. Los experimentos muestran que en presencia de los substratos orgánicos degradables las bacterias con alta actividad de crecimiento pueden moverse a una velocidad mayor que el ritmo de deposición, por lo que no quedan necesariamente atrapadas. Sin embargo, el crecimiento se reduce con la profundidad, de modo que las bacterias ceden ante la velocidad de sedimentación y son enterradas. Las bacterias subsuperficiales pueden utilizar materia orgánica recalcitrante pero de modo muy lento, y parece que han desarrollado una estrategia que engloba alta biomasa con bajo ritmo de crecimiento.
    Notes: Subsurface bacteria also occur in hydrothermal sediments with large temperature gradients (up to 12 °C/m) and with population numbers similar to non-hydrothermal sites at temperatures from psychrophilic to mesophilic. At greater depths and temperatures, populations decline rapidly, but they are still significant up to hyperthermophilic temperatures and are even stimulated by subsurface seawater flow. These results suggest that temperature alone does not limit bacteria in non-hydrothermal sediments until about 4 km, and evidence exists that bacterial processes may even be sustained by interaction with thermogenic processes as temperatures increase during deep burial. Experiments demonstrate that in the presence of readily degradable organic substrates, actively growing bacteria can move faster than sediment deposition; hence, these bacteria are not necessarily trapped and buried. However, bacterial growth decreases with depth to such an extent that subsurface bacteria would not be able to keep up with sedimentation rate and hence would be buried. In some circumstances, such as in sapropel layers with high organic matter in the Mediterranean, bacteria may be buried within a specific deposition horizon. Subsurface bacteria can utilize old and recalcitrant organic matter, but only very slowly, and they seem to have a strategy of high biomass and low growth rate, commensurate with their geological habitat of generally low energy flux.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Keywords: Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; DEPTH, sediment/rock; GC; Gravity corer; GT03; GT03-28GC; Gunnar Thorson; K9; Kattegat-N; Methane Flux Control in Ocean Margin Sediments; METROL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 5 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Keywords: Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; DEPTH, sediment/rock; GT03; GT03-58VC; Gunnar Thorson; K15; Laesoe Rende-N; Methane Flux Control in Ocean Margin Sediments; METROL; VC; Vibro corer
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 24 data points
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