Note: Science for Ecosystem-based Management -- Science for Ecosystem-based Management: Narragansett Bay in the 21st Century -- Preface -- Reference -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Geologic and Contemporary Landscapes of the Narragansett Bay Ecosystem -- Geologic Setting -- Bedrock Geology -- Quaternary Geology -- Late Quaternary Deglacial History of Southern Rhode Island -- Deglacial Deposits in Narragansett Bay and the Western Watersheds -- Alluvial Fans and Fan Deltas -- Isostatic Adjustment -- Postglacial Drainage Systems -- Late Glacial to Postglacial Sea-Level Rise -- Late Holocene (Present) Geologic Framework -- Particle Size of Narragansett Bay Sediment -- Benthic Geologic Habitats -- Estuarine Bay Margin -- Estuarine Bay Floor -- Estuarine Cove -- Altered Habitats -- Shoreline Geologic Habitats -- Beach and Barrier Spit -- Glacial Stratified Material-Bluff -- Till Bluff -- Meta-Sedimentary Bedrock -- Igneous and Other Metamorphic Bedrock -- Discontinuous Bedrock -- Shoreline Protection Structures -- Watershed Environment -- Sources of Data and Processing Methodology -- Narragansett Bay Watershed -- Coastline -- Land Cover -- Roads -- Human Population Density -- Bathymetry -- Bay and Watershed Statistics -- References -- Narragansett Bay Amidst a Globally Changing Climate -- Introduction -- Temperature -- Precipitation -- River Flow -- Evapotranspiration -- Wind -- Residence Time -- Conclusions -- References -- Estimating Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition in the Northeastern United States: Relevance to Narragansett Bay -- Introduction -- Atmospheric Deposition as a Nitrogen Source to Coastal Waters -- Dry Deposition of Nitrogen as a Source -- Estimation of Total Nitrogen Deposition in the Northeastern US -- Using Throughfall to Estimate Total Nitrogen Deposition -- The Fate of Nitrogen Deposited onto the Landscape. , A Closer Look at the SPARROW model -- Chesapeake Bay Case Study -- Application to Narragansett Bay -- Managing Atmospheric Deposition in the United States -- References -- Groundwater Nitrogen Transport and Input along the Narragansett Bay Coastal Margin -- Overview -- Groundwater N Inputs-Significant But Difficult to Quantify -- Local Geomorphology Mediates N Transport -- Denitrification Provides a Permanent Sink for Groundwater N -- Labile Organic Carbon-A Key to Groundwater Denitrification -- Coastal Transition Zones as Sites for N Removal -- Coastal Marshes as Sites of N Transport and Removal -- The Subterranean Estuary as a Site for N Transport -- Temporal Scales of Coastal Groundwater N Cycling -- A Mass Balance of the Fresh Groundwater Input to Narragansett Bay -- The Need to Accurately Quantify Groundwater N loading to Narragansett Bay -- Considerations for the Future -- References -- Nitrogen and Phosphorus Inputs to Narragansett Bay: Past, Present, and Future -- Introduction -- The Past -- What Verrazzano Found -- A Biological Desert? -- What F. P. Webber Saw -- A Celebration with Guns and Bells -- What the Chemists Measured -- Historical Monitoring of the Blackstone River -- Impact on the Seekonk Estuary -- Measurements in Other Rivers -- The Ten Mile and the Taunton -- The Pawtuxet -- The Moshassuck and the Woonasquatucket -- Early Deposition from the Atmosphere -- A Note on Horses and Urban Runoff -- Sewage Treatment Facilities and Protein Consumption -- What Was Missed -- The Present -- The 1970s -- The 1980s -- The 1990s -- The Most Recent Measurements -- Rivers and Land Drainage -- Nitrogen -- Phosphorus -- Seasonal Variation in River Nutrient Fluxes -- Some Loose Ends -- Sewage Treatment Facility Discharges -- The Future -- A "Grand Experiment" or an "Ecological Adventure"? -- As Blind Men See the Elephant -- References. , Nitrogen Inputs to Narragansett Bay: An Historical Perspective -- Introduction -- Historical Changes in the Drivers of Nitrogen Cycling -- Changes in Human and Animal Populations -- Land-Use Change -- Agricultural Practices -- Atmospheric Loading -- Observed Historical Patterns of Nitrogen in Tributaries -- Blackstone River -- Taunton River -- Pawtuxet River -- Direct Discharges to Narragansett Bay -- Modeling Historical N Fluxes -- Input Data -- Sewered and Unsewered Human Populations -- Animal Units on Farms and in Urban Areas -- Model Parameters -- Validation of Modeling Results -- Model Integration -- Conclusions -- References -- Anthropogenic Eutrophication of Narragansett Bay: Evidence from Dated Sediment Cores -- Introduction -- Proxy Measurements -- Concentration of Total C and N -- C/N Ratio -- Nitrogen Isotopes (d15N) -- Lamination Thicknesses of the Biological Layer -- Mass Accumulation Rate of Chlorophyll a -- Study Sites -- Pettaquamscutt River-Lower Basin -- Prudence Island-Potter Cove -- Seekonk and Providence Rivers -- Methods -- Coring -- Age Models -- C, N, and d15N Analyses -- Fossil Pigment Analyses -- Biological Lamination Thickness -- Trace Metal Analyses -- Results -- Pettaquamscutt River-Lower Basin -- Potter Cove-Prudence Island -- Seekonk and Providence River -- Discussion -- Pettaquamscutt River-Lower Basin -- Prudence Island-Potter Cove -- Seekonk and Providence River -- Conclusions -- References -- Circulation and Transport Dynamics in Narragansett Bay -- Introduction -- Setting -- Oceanic Forcing -- Circulation Dynamics in Narragansett Bay -- Overview and Estuarine Type Classification -- Tidal Circulation -- Model Predictions and Validation -- Impact of Tidal Harmonics (Double-peaked Flood, Single-peak Ebb) -- Tidal Residuals -- Wind-driven Circulation -- Impact on Circulation and Intra-passage Transports Paths. , Stratification, Mixing, and Density-induced Circulation -- Two-layer Flow in Providence River and Mount Hope Bay and Multi-layer Flow in East Passage -- Some Unusual Features -- Tidal Harmonics at the Sakonnet River Bridge -- Phase Lags Near Slack Water between Dredged Channels and Shallows (Providence River) -- Impact of Quonset and Davisville Channels on Flows and Water Quality -- Flushing Dynamics of Bay and Sub-bay Areas -- Pollutant Transport and Fate -- Impact of Thermal Discharges from the Brayton Point Power Station on Mount Hope Bay -- Impact of Dredging in the Upper Bay on Circulation and Water Quality -- Summary and Conclusions -- Tides -- Wind-forced Flows -- Density-induced Flows -- Pollutant Transport -- Thermal -- Dredging -- References -- Critical Issues for Circulation Modeling of Narragansett Bay and Mount Hope Bay -- Introduction -- Physical Forcing -- An Unstructured Grid Narragansett Bay-Mount Hope Bay Model -- Numerical Process Studies in Narragansett Bay-Mount Hope Bay -- Case 1: Tidal Flushing in the Narragansett Bay-Mount Hope Bay Channel -- Case 2: Thermal Plume -- Summary -- References -- The Dynamics of Water Exchange Between Narragansett Bay and Rhode Island Sound -- Introduction -- Background -- Methods -- Data Collection -- Data Analysis -- Results -- Tidally Driven Flow -- Residual Flow -- Wind-Induced Variability in Narragansett Bay and Rhode Island Sound -- Summer Conditions -- North-South Winds -- East-West Winds -- Winter Conditions -- Discussion -- Seasonal Differences in Residual Estuarine-Shelf Exchange -- Wind-Driven Variability in Estuarine-Shelf Exchange -- Conclusions -- References -- Summer Bottom Water Dissolved Oxygen in Upper Narragansett Bay -- Introduction -- Hypoxia in Narragansett Bay: Background and Concerns -- Data and Methods -- Analysis -- EPA Dissolved Oxygen Criteria -- Results. , Neap Tide Bias of Synoptic Surveys -- Synoptic Survey Statistics -- Hypoxic Area: Synoptic Surveys -- Summertime Bottom Dissolved Oxygen Averages -- Comparison of Synoptic Survey Averages and Buoy Data -- Spatial Projection of Time Series Data -- Application of Buoy and Spatial Data to Estimate the Impacts of Hypoxia -- Conclusions -- References -- Evidence of Ecological Impacts from Excess Nutrients in Upper Narragansett Bay -- Introduction -- Nutrient Gradient in Narragansett Bay -- Indications of Nutrient Impacts -- Benthic Primary Producers -- Submerged Aquatic Vegetation -- SAV Losses in Narragansett Bay -- Benthic Microalgae -- Benthic Macroalgae -- Water Column Primary Productivity -- Phytoplankton Blooms -- Chlorophyll Levels in Narragansett Bay and Eutrophication State -- Changes in Phytoplankton Patterns in Narragansett Bay -- Dissolved Oxygen -- Patterns of Hypoxia in Narragansett Bay -- Historic or Recent Response? -- Benthic Community Change: Responses to Low Oxygen -- Benthic-Pelagic Fish Community Shifts -- Present Level of Eutrophication Impacts for Narragansett Bay -- Areas of Increased Susceptibility to Nutrient Additions: Greenwich Bay -- Can Nutrient Management Go Too Far? -- What Is Next: After the Change -- References -- An Ecosystem-based Perspective of Mount Hope Bay -- Introduction -- Physical Setting and Land Use -- Land Use Classification -- Mount Hope Bay Watershed Land Use Results -- Sub-watershed Results -- Human Uses and Values -- Environmental Management -- Designated Uses -- Environmental Monitoring -- Selected Water Quality Observations, 1999-2003 -- Procedure and Methods -- Autonomous Water Quality Monitoring -- Summer 1999-2003 Mount Hope Bay Dissolved Oxygen Surveys -- 2000 Summer-Fall Nutrient Surveys -- Photosynthetically Active Radiation -- Summary and Conclusions -- References. , Natural Viral Communities in the Narragansett Bay Ecosystem.

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index