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  • 1
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    A roadmap for amphibious drilling at the Campi Flegrei caldera: insights from a MagellanPlus workshop (2019)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Scientific Drilling, 26 . pp. 29-46.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-02
    Description: Large calderas are among the Earth's major volcanic features. They are associated with large magma reservoirs and elevated geothermal gradients. Caldera-forming eruptions result from the withdrawal and collapse of the magma chambers and produce large-volume pyroclastic deposits and later-stage deformation related to post-caldera resurgence and volcanism. Unrest episodes are not always followed by an eruption; however, every eruption is preceded by unrest. The Campi Flegrei caldera (CFc), located along the eastern Tyrrhenian coastline in southern Italy, is close to the densely populated area of Naples. It is one of the most dangerous volcanoes on Earth and represents a key example of an active, resurgent caldera. It has been traditionally interpreted as a nested caldera formed by collapses during the 100–200 km3 Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) eruption at ∼39 ka and the 40 km3 eruption of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT) at ∼15 ka. Recent studies have suggested that the CI may instead have been fed by a fissure eruption from the Campanian Plain, north of Campi Flegrei. A MagellanPlus workshop was held in Naples, Italy, on 25–28 February 2017 to explore the potential of the CFc as target for an amphibious drilling project within the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) and the International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP). It was agreed that Campi Flegrei is an ideal site to investigate the mechanisms of caldera formation and associated post-caldera dynamics and to analyze the still poorly understood interplay between hydrothermal and magmatic processes. A coordinated onshore–offshore drilling strategy has been developed to reconstruct the structure and evolution of Campi Flegrei and to investigate volcanic precursors by examining (a) the succession of volcanic and hydrothermal products and related processes, (b) the inner structure of the caldera resurgence, (c) the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the hydrothermal system and offshore sediments, and (d) the geological expression of the phreatic and hydromagmatic eruptions, hydrothermal degassing, sedimentary structures, and other records of these phenomena. The deployment of a multiparametric in situ monitoring system at depth will enable near-real-time tracking of changes in the magma reservoir and hydrothermal system.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.5194/sd-26-29-2019
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Magmatism Along Lateral Slab Edges: Insights From the Diamante‐Enotrio‐Ovidio Volcanic‐Intrusive Complex (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea) (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-03
    Description: Volcanic-Intrusive complexes often formed along lateral slab-edges as a consequence of subduction-induced mantle flow. We investigate this process in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea by integrating multibeam bathymetry, seismic-reflection data, regional magnetic anomalies data, and seismological data. The interpretation of the data highlights the presence of magmatic intrusions that locally reach the seafloor forming volcanic edifices. Chimneys, lava flows, and laccoliths are observed beneath and surrounding the volcanoes. The emplacement and cooling of the magma occurred during the Brunhes Chron. The volcanoes are not active even if the hydrothermal activity occurs. The volcanic-intrusive complex can be subdivided in a western domain (Diamante and Enotrio seamounts) where strike-slip transpressional faults deform the volcanic edifices, and an eastern domain (Ovidio volcanic seamounts) characterized by flat-topped volcanic edifices. The flat-topped morphology is the result of the interplay between volcanism, erosion, sedimentation and sea-level change. The Ovidio volcanic seamounts formed in an area that experienced at least 60 m of subsidence. Magnetic signatures over the northern side of the Ovidio and Diamante seamounts highlight the presence of a deep-rooted, magnetized feeding system remnant. Volcanic edifices extend above a magma feeding system, characterized by low Vp/Vs ratios. The Diamante-Enotrio-Ovidio volcanic-intrusive complex formed as a consequence of the ascent of subduction-induced mantle flow originated in the northern-western edge of the retreating Ionian slab. We speculate that the magma ascent was controlled by a strike-slip deformation belt, which accommodated the bulk of the shear strain resulting from the formation of a roughly E-W trending, Subduction-Transform Edges Propagator fault.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2581–2605
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Calabrian Arc, Tyrrhenian Sea, Subduction-induced mantle flow, STEP fault, slab tearing, flat-topped seamount
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    A roadmap for amphibious drilling at the Campi Flegrei caldera: insights from a MagellanPlus workshop (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-25
    Description: Large calderas are among the Earth's major volcanic features. They are associated with large magma reservoirs and elevated geothermal gradients. Caldera-forming eruptions result from the withdrawal and collapse of the magma chambers and produce large-volume pyroclastic deposits and later-stage deformation related to post-caldera resurgence and volcanism. Unrest episodes are not always followed by an eruption; however, every eruption is preceded by unrest. The Campi Flegrei caldera (CFc), located along the eastern Tyrrhenian coastline in southern Italy, is close to the densely populated area of Naples. It is one of the most dangerous volcanoes on Earth and represents a key example of an active, resurgent caldera. It has been traditionally interpreted as a nested caldera formed by collapses during the 100–200 km3 Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) eruption at ∼39 ka and the 40 km3 eruption of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT) at ∼15 ka. Recent studies have suggested that the CI may instead have been fed by a fissure eruption from the Campanian Plain, north of Campi Flegrei. A MagellanPlus workshop was held in Naples, Italy, on 25–28 February 2017 to explore the potential of the CFc as target for an amphibious drilling project within the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) and the International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP). It was agreed that Campi Flegrei is an ideal site to investigate the mechanisms of caldera formation and associated post-caldera dynamics and to analyze the still poorly understood interplay between hydrothermal and magmatic processes. A coordinated onshore–offshore drilling strategy has been developed to reconstruct the structure and evolution of Campi Flegrei and to investigate volcanic precursors by examining (a) the succession of volcanic and hydrothermal products and related processes, (b) the inner structure of the caldera resurgence, (c) the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the hydrothermal system and offshore sediments, and (d) the geological expression of the phreatic and hydromagmatic eruptions, hydrothermal degassing, sedimentary structures, and other records of these phenomena. The deployment of a multiparametric in situ monitoring system at depth will enable near-real-time tracking of changes in the magma reservoir and hydrothermal system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 29-46
    Description: 3A. Geofisica marina e osservazioni multiparametriche a fondo mare
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Boulder coastal deposits at Favignana Island rocky coast (Sicily, Italy): Litho-structural and hydrodynamic control (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-03
    Description: Boulders are frequently dislodged from rock platforms, transported and deposited along coastal zones by high- magnitude storm waves or tsunamis. Their size and shape are often controlled by the thickness of bedding planes as well as by high-angle to bedding fracture network. We investigate these processes along two coastal areas of Favignana Island by integrating geological data for 81 boulders, 49 rupture surfaces (called sockets) and fracture orientation and spacing with four radiocarbon dates, numerical hydrodynamic analysis, and hindcast numerical simulation data. Boulders are scattered along the carbonate platform as isolated blocks or in small groups, which form, as a whole, a discontinuous berm. Underwater surveys also highlight free boulders with sharp edges and sockets carved out in the rock platform. Boulders are composed of ruditic- to arenitic-size clastic carbonates. Their size ranges from 0.6 to 3.7 m, 0.55 to 2.4 m, and 0.2 to 1 m on the major (A), medium (B), and minor (C) axes, respectively. The highest value of mass estimation is 12.5 t. Almost all of boulders and sockets are char- acterized by a tabular or bladed shape. The comparisons between a) the fractures spacing and the length of A- and B-axes, and b) the frequency peaks of C-axis with the recurrent thickness of beds measured along the coastal zone demonstrate the litho-structural control in the size and shape of joint-bounded boulders. These comparisons, to- gether with the similarity between the shapes of the boulders and those of the sockets as well as between the lithology of boulders and the areas surrounding the sockets, suggest that blocks originate by detachment from the platform edge. Thus, the most common pre-transport setting is the joint-bounded scenario. Hydrodynamic equations estimate that the storm wave heights necessary to initiate the transport of blocks diverge from ~2 m to ~8 m for joint-bounded boulders and from few tens of centimeters up to ~11 m for submerged boulders. The comparison between the wave heights at the breaking point of the coastal zones with the results of hydro- dynamic equations shows that waves approaching the coastline are able to transport all surveyed boulders. Our data suggest that boulders have been transported by several storm events, even in very recent times.
    Description: Published
    Description: 191-209
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    The use and beauty of ultra-high-resolution seismic reflection imaging in Late Quaternary marine volcaniclastic settings, Napoli Bay, Italy (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-06
    Description: Very high-resolution, single channel (IKB-Seistec™) reflection profiles acquired offshore the Napoli Bay, complemented with geological and geophysical data from the literature, provide unprecedented, superb seismic imaging of the Latest Pleistocene-Holocene stratigraphic architecture of the submerged sectors Campi Flegrei and Somma-Vesuvius volcanic districts. Seismic profiles were calibrated by gravity core data and document a range of depositional systems, volcanic structures and hydrothermal features that evolved after the onset of the Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 18 ka BP) over the continental shelf on the Campania coastal zone.Seistec profiles from the Pozzuoli Bay yield high-resolution images of the shallow structure of the collapse caldera-ring fault - resurgent dome system associated with the eruption of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT) (ca 15 ka BP) and support a working hypothesis to assess the timing and the styles of deformation of the NYT resurgent structure throughout the Latest Quaternary. Seismic images also revealed the nature of the fragile deformation of strata along the NYT ring fault system and the occurrence of hydrothermal fluids and volcanic/sub-volcanic intrusions ascending along the ring fault zone. Seismic data acquired over the continental shelf off the Somma-Vesuvius stratovolcano, display evidence of gravitational instability of sand wave deposits originated by the underwater modification of pyroclastic flows that entered the seawater after destroying the Roman city of Herculaneum during the 79 CE eruption of Vesuvius.At the Banco della Montagna, a hummocky seafloor knoll located between the Somma-Vesuvius and the Pozzuoli Bay, seismic profiles and gravity core data revealed the occurrence of a field of volcaniclastic diapirs formed by the dragging and rising up of unconsolidated pumice, as a consequence of fluid overpressure at depth associated with active degassing and fluid venting at the seafloor.
    Description: Published
    Description: 371–394
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    An Integrated Multiscale Method for the Characterisation of Active Faults in Offshore Areas. The Case of Sant’Eufemia Gulf (Offshore Calabria, Italy) (2021)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-27
    Description: Diagnostic morphological features (e.g., rectilinear seafloor scarps) and lateral offsets of the Upper Quaternary deposits are used to infer active faults in offshore areas. Although they deform a significant seafloor region, the active faults are not necessarily capable of producing large earthquakes as they correspond to shallow structures formed in response to local stresses. We present a multiscale approach to reconstruct the structural pattern in offshore areas and distinguish between shallow, non-seismogenic, active faults, and deep blind faults, potentially associated with large seismic moment release. The approach is based on the interpretation of marine seismic reflection data and quantitative morphometric analysis of multibeam bathymetry, and tested on the Sant’Eufemia Gulf (southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea). Data highlights the occurrence of three major tectonic events since the Late Miocene. The first extensional or transtensional phase occurred during the Late Miocene. Since the Early Pliocene, a right-lateral transpressional tectonic event caused the positive inversion of deep (〉3 km) tectonic features, and the formation of NE-SW faults in the central sector of the gulf. Also, NNE-SSW to NE-SW trending anticlines (e.g., Maida Ridge) developed in the eastern part of the area. Since the Early Pleistocene (Calabrian), shallow (〈1.5 km) NNE-SSW oriented structures formed in a left-lateral transtensional regime. The new results integrated with previous literature indicates that the Late Miocene to Recent transpressional/transtensional structures developed in an ∼E-W oriented main displacement zone that extends from the Sant’Eufemia Gulf to the Squillace Basin (Ionian offshore), and likely represents the upper plate response to a tear fault of the lower plate. The quantitative morphometric analysis of the study area and the bathymetric analysis of the Angitola Canyon indicate that NNE-SSW to NE-SW trending anticlines were negatively reactivated during the last tectonic phase. We also suggest that the deep structure below the Maida Ridge may correspond to the seismogenic source of the large magnitude earthquake that struck the western Calabrian region in 1905. The multiscale approach contributes to understanding the tectonic imprint of active faults from different hierarchical orders and the geometry of seismogenic faults developed in a lithospheric strike-slip zone orthogonal to the Calabrian Arc.
    Description: Published
    Description: 670557
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 3A. Geofisica marina e osservazioni multiparametriche a fondo mare
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Active tectonics ; Calabrian Arc (Italy) ; southern Tyrrhenian sea ; slab-tear fault ; high-resolution seismic data ; morphotectonic analysis ; 1905 earthquake ; seismogenic sources ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Active tectonics in the Calabrian Arc: Insights from the Late Miocene to Recent structural evolution of the Squillace Basin (offshore eastern Calabria) (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-27
    Description: The Calabrian Arc represents one of the most active sectors of the upper plate of the Tyrrhenian-Ionian subduction system. This research aims to reconstruct the evolution of the Squillace Basin (Ionian offshore of the Calabrian Arc) from the Late Miocene to Recent times and recognise active shallow and deep structures using a multiscale approach. The latter is based on interpreting high-penetration and high-resolution seismic reflection profiles, calibrated with well-log data coupled with bathymetric data and the distribution of instrumental earthquakes. Data highlight three steps in the evolution of the Squillace Basin. A Late Miocene extensional event led to the formation of WNW-ESE oriented horst and half-graben structures. During the Pliocene, deformation was localised in the central and northern sectors of the basin and expressed by a WNW-ESE oriented strike-slip fault and NW-SE normal to trastensional faults, respectively. A transpressional event started in the Early Pleistocene, causing the positive inversion of deep (〉 3 km) extensional faults and the formation of NW-SE to WNW-ESE oriented transpressional/reverse faults and related anticlines. The kinematics of these faults agree with the NW-SE oriented left-lateral Albi-Cosenza, Lamezia-Catanzaro and Petilia-Sosti crustal fault zones developed in north Calabria. The results of this work suggest that the transpressional structures in the northwestern sector of the basin likely represent the offshore prolongation of the Albi-Cosenza fault zone. NW-SE to WNW-ESE trending, shallow (〈2 km) high-angle normal faults offset the younger deposits. Their depth and direction indicate that these faults are secondary structures formed in the extrados of the anticlines associated with the transpressional faults. The distribution of earthquakes shows events with M 〉 3 and depth 〈15 km located in the hanging wall of transpressional faults. The integrated data suggest that these structures are active and probably responsible for the major earthquakes that affected the Ionian offshore.
    Description: Published
    Description: 229772
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    Basin-scale interaction between post-LGM faulting and morpho-sedimentary processes in the S. Eufemia Gulf (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea) (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: The integrated interpretation of high-resolution multibeam bathymetry, seismic profiles and backscatter data in the S. Eufemia Gulf (SEG; Calabro-Tyrrhenian continental margin, south-eastern Tyrrhenian Sea) documents the relationship between postglacial fault activity and morpho-sedimentary processes. Three systems of active normal faults that affect the seafloor or the shallow subsurface, have been identified: 1) the S. Eufemia fault system located on the continental shelf with fault planes mainly oriented N26E-N40E; 2) the offshore fault system that lies on the continental slope off Capo Suvero with fault planes mainly oriented N28E-N60E; 3) the Angitola Canyon fault system located on the seafloor adjacent to the canyon having fault planes oriented N60E- N85E. The faults produce a belt of linear escarpments with vertical displacement varying from a few decimeters to about 12 m. One of the most prominent active structures is the fault F1 with the highest fault length (about 9.5 km). Two main segments of this fault are identified: a segment characterised by seafloor deformation with metric slip affecting Holocene deposits; a segment characterised by folding of the seafloor. A combined tectono- stratigraphic model of an extensional fault propagation fold is proposed here to explain such different deformation. In addition to the seabed escarpments produced by fault deformation, in the SEG, a strong control of fault activity on recent sedimentary processes is clearly observed. For example, canyons and channels frequently change their course in response to their interaction with main tectonic structures. Moreover, the upper branch of the Angitola Canyon shows straight flanks determined by fault scarps. Tectonics also determined different sediment accumulation rates and types of sedimentation (e.g., the accumulation of hanging wall turbidite deposits and the development of contourite deposits around the Maida Ridge). Furthermore, the distribution of landslides is often connected to main fault scarps and fluids are locally confined in the hanging wall side of faults and can escape at the seabed, generating pockmarks aligned along their footwall.
    Description: Published
    Description: 108775
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: High-resolution mapping ; Active faults ; Submarine landslides ; Tectonic geomorphology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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