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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ciencia idiota : Respuestas científicas a preguntas rematadamente absurdas. (2023)
    Pamplona :Next Door Publishers S.L.,
    Details
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (205 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9788412612622
    Series Statement: El Café Cajal Series ; v.29
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=31317690
    Language: Spanish
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    GEOMAR EBL
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential contribution of C4 and HLA-DQ genes to systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility (1993)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 91 (1993), S. 579-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The particular histocompatability antigen (HLA) gene(s) that may confer systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility remains unknown. In the present study, 58 unrelated patients and 69 controls have been analyzed for their class I and class II serologic antigens, class II (DR and DQ) DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism, their deduced DQA1 and B1 exon 2 nucleotide sequences and their corresponding amino acid residues. By using the etiologic fraction (δ) as an almost absolute measure of the strongest linkage disequilibrium of an HLA marker to the putative SLE susceptibility locus, it has been found that the strength of association of the HLA marker may be quantified as follows: DQA1*0501 (associated to DR3) or DQB1*0201 (associated to DR3) 〉 non Asp 57 βDQ/Arg 52 αDQ 〉 DR3 〉 non Asp 57 βDQ. Thus, molecular HLA DQ markers tend to be more accurate as susceptibility markers than the classical serologic markers (DR3). However, dominant or recessive non Asp 57 βDQ susceptibility theories, as previously postulated for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, do not hold in our SLE nephritic population; indeed, three patients bear neither Arg 52 αDQ nor Asp 57 βDQ susceptibility factors. On the other hand, nonsusceptibility factors are included in our population in the A30B18CF130-DR3DQ2(Dw25) haplotype and not in A1B8CS01-DR3DQ2(Dw24); this distinctive association has also been recorded in type I diabetes mellitus and may reflect the existence of common pathogenic HLA-linked factors for both diseases only in the A30B18CF10DR3DQ2-(Dw 25) haplotype. Finally, the observed increase of deleted C4 genes (and not ‘null’ C4 proteins) in nephritic patients shows that C4 genes are disease markers, but probably without a pathogenic role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00205084
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three new HLA-G alleles and their linkage disequilibria with HLA-A (1993)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 38 (1993), S. 323-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three new allelic forms of the HLA-G DNA sequence (HLA-G*II, HLA-G*III, and HLA-G*IV) have been identified. With the HLA-G*I sequence (previously designated HLA 6.0) as a reference, HLA-G*II shows a silent (G → A) mutation at the third base of codon 57, HLA-G*III bears a non-synonymous (A → T), but conservative, (Thr → Ser) substitution at the first base of codon 31, and HLA-G*IV shows two silent substitutions: (A → T) at the third base of codon 107 and (G → A) at the third base of codon 57. A rapid method of singling out each allele on genomic DNA has been developed by using polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by restriction endonuclease treatment. Also, more or less strong linkage disequilibria has been found between most HLA-A alleles and either HLA-G*I or *II, both being the most prevalent alleles in the population, with a genotypic frequency of 0.55 and 0.38, respectively; HLA-G*III is very rare and HLA-G*IV has a genotypic frequency of 0.07. An evolutive classification of HLA-A alleles results according to their association with either HLA-G*I or HLA-G*II, which does not correlate with the classical serological cross-reacting groups classification. The finding of a strong and selective A/G linkage disequilibria with most HLA-A alleles, together with the existence of less frequent random A/G associations, may suggest that there exist in different haplotypes true and varied A/G genetic distances (and not a recombinational hotspot). It may be inferred from preliminary data that in primates HLA-A/G haplotypes bearing G*II may have appeared later than those bearing G*I.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210473
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of DR2-LUM haplotype generation and the DRB6 * 0202 linkage to DRB1 * 1601 (1993)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 38 (1993), S. 460-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184529
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C4 gene polymorphism in primates: evolution, generation, and Chido and Rodgers antigenicity (1994)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 40 (1994), S. 381-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eleven new C4d genomic primate sequences of the fourth complement factor (C4) have been obtained. Seven of them belong to five species not yet explored for this gene: Pan paniscus (pygmy chimpanzee), Cercopithecus aethiops (green monkey), Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey), Macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus), and Saguinus oedipus (cotton top tamarin). The New World monkeys (tamarins, four individuals) sequenced for C4 have a single C4d sequence only, which shows a B isotypic specificity and a Rodgers 3 (Rg3), Chido 1 (Ch1) antigenicity. Rg3 and Ch1 could thus be the oldest Rg/Ch specificity (at least 50 million years old) and Rg1, Rg2, Ch3, and Ch6 could be more recent human-specific antigens. Mechanisms of C4d polymorphism generation were analyzed by compiling all the presently available sequences. Examples of both point mutations and crossing-over events among C4d primate sequences could be detected. The problem of a possible trans-species inheritance of C4d polymorphism was addressed and two apparently contradicting dendrograms were obtained. One of them, constructed by using both exon and intron sequences, does not support trans-species evolution, but supports the proposed theory of extensive homogenization of the C4 genes occurring within each species, because alleles from each primate species cluster together. Another completely different dendrogram, obtained by using exon sequences only, suggests the existence of trans-species evolution for C4d polymorphism, because alleles belonging to different species cluster together in a way similar to that found for HLA class I or II alleles. However, orangutan sequences group together in both kinds of C4d sequence dendrograms and seem to have arisen from an ancestor different from that of chimpanzee, gorilla and man C4d sequences. Finally, further data have been obtained that support trans-species conservation of A-ness and B-ness and the existence of trans-specifically conserved allelic motifs, both in intronic and exonic sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177822
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelic diversity at the primate major histocompatibility complex DRB6 locus (1992)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 36 (1992), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The HLA-DRB6 gene (also called DRBσ/V1) has been found only in about 26% of human HLA haplotypes, i.e.; DR1, DRw10, and DR2-bearing ones (Corell et al. 1991). In contrast, exon-2 DRB6 sequences have been obtained from all tested primates: nine chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), three gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) and three orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus); other apes which had already been sequenced (one gorilla and one chimpanzee) also had the DRB6 gene. Thus, all apes tested from three different species, some of them evolutionary separated by at least 14–16 million years, bear the DRB6 gene. In addition, more than one gene copy per haplotype has been found in one chimpanzee; this, together with the apparent loss of this gene in some of the human DR haplotypes, may indicate that the DR genome has undergone evolutionary changes more recently and more actively than class I or III genes. In addition, ten different and presumably allelic DRB6 exon-2 sequences have been obtained, and some of them coming from different species are more similar to each other than the one from the same species; this finding goes in favor of the trans-species theory of major histocompatibility complex polymorphism generation. Also, data are presented supporting that DRB6 may be one of the eldest genes of the DRB family, thus one of the first to diverge from the ancestral DRB gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209290
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelic diversity at the primate major histocompatibility complex DRB6 locus (1992)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 36 (1992), S. 404-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218049
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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