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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some Properties of the Deoxyribonucleic Acid of Phage Alpha (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 191 (1961), S. 1097-1098 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] After gathering and purification of phage a, DNA was isolated by the phenol method of Mandell and Hershey2. Using as much caution as possible to avoid shear degradation, a mean sedimentation coefficient of 40$ (extrapolated to infinite dilution and corrected to water at 20 C.) was obtained ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1911097b0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oscillating indirect coupling of perpendicular magnetized Co(111)-monolayers through Cu(111)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 111 (1992), S. L231-L234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-8853
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-8853(92)91080-D
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
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    The role of iceberg scours in niche separation within the Antarctic fish genus Trematomus (2001)
    In:  EPIC3Polar biology, 24, pp. 502-507
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Species of the Antarctic fish genus Trematomus occupy different trophic niches. It is not clear, however, whether small-scale variability in benthic community structure affects niche separation. Therefore abundance and biomass of fish were determined and stomach content and food composition was compared in areas affected by iceberg scours and unaffected areas in the Weddell Sea. T. eulepidotus, T. lepidorhinus and T. scotti dominate undisturbed areas, whereas T. nicolai and especially T. pennellii dominate disturbed areas. Total stomach content and number of prey taxa per fish are higher in preferred than in non-preferred areas. These findings indicate that small-scale horizontal patterns caused by iceberg scours play a distinct role in Trematomus niche separation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    The role of iceberg scours in niche separation within the Antarctic fish genus Trematomus (1999)
    In:  EPIC3EASIZ Symposium, 22.-25. June 1999, Bremerhaven (Germany).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 5
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    Progesterone Levels Associate with a Novel Population of CCR5+CD38+ CD4 T Cells Resident in the Genital Mucosa with Lymphoid Trafficking Potential [MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY] (2016)
    The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-18
    Description: The female genital tract (FGT) provides a means of entry to pathogens, including HIV, yet immune cell populations at this barrier between host and environment are not well defined. We initiated a study of healthy women to characterize resident T cell populations in the lower FGT from lavage and patient-matched peripheral blood to investigate potential mechanisms of HIV sexual transmission. Surprisingly, we observed FGT CD4 T cell populations were primarily CCR7 hi , consistent with a central memory or recirculating memory T cell phenotype. In addition, roughly half of these CCR7 hi CD4 T cells expressed CD69, consistent with resident memory T cells, whereas the remaining CCR7 hi CD4 T cells lacked CD69 expression, consistent with recirculating memory CD4 T cells that traffic between peripheral tissues and lymphoid sites. HIV susceptibility markers CCR5 and CD38 were increased on FGT CCR7 hi CD4 T cells compared with blood, yet migration to the lymphoid homing chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 was maintained. Infection with GFP-HIV showed that FGT CCR7 hi memory CD4 T cells are susceptible HIV targets, and productive infection of CCR7 hi memory T cells did not alter chemotaxis to CCL19 and CCL21. Variations of resident CCR7 hi FGT CD4 T cell populations were detected during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and longitudinal analysis showed the frequency of this population positively correlated to progesterone levels. These data provide evidence women may acquire HIV through local infection of migratory CCR7 hi CD4 T cells, and progesterone levels predict opportunities for HIV to access these novel target cells.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
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  • 6
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    Thymic Epithelium Determines a Spontaneous Chronic Neuritis in Icam1tm1JcgrNOD Mice [AUTOIMMUNITY] (2014)
    The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-06
    Description: The NOD mouse strain spontaneously develops autoimmune diabetes. A deficiency in costimulatory molecules, such as B7-2, on the NOD genetic background prevents diabetes but instead triggers an inflammatory peripheral neuropathy. This constitutes a shift in the target of autoimmunity, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that NOD mice deficient for isoforms of ICAM-1, which comediate costimulatory functions, spontaneously develop a chronic autoimmune peripheral neuritis instead of diabetes. The disease is transferred by CD4 + T cells, which infiltrate peripheral nerves together with macrophages and B cells and are autoreactive against peripheral myelin protein zero. These Icam1 tm1Jcgr NOD mice exhibit unaltered numbers of regulatory T cells, but increased IL-17–producing T cells, which determine the severity, but not the target specificity, of autoimmunity. Ab-mediated ICAM-1 blockade triggers neuritis only in young NOD mice. Thymic epithelium from Icam1 tm1Jcgr NOD mice features an altered expression of costimulatory molecules and induces neuritis and myelin autoreactivity after transplantation into nude mice in vivo. Icam1 tm1Jcgr NOD mice exhibit a specifically altered TCR repertoire. Our findings introduce a novel animal model of chronic inflammatory neuropathies and indicate that altered expression of ICAM-1 on thymic epithelium shifts autoimmunity specifically toward peripheral nerves. This improves our understanding of autoimmunity in the peripheral nervous system with potential relevance for human diseases.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
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  • 7
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    At least 20% donor myeloid chimerism is necessary to reverse the sickle phenotype after allogeneic HSCT (2017)
    American Society of Hematology (ASH)
    In: Blood
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-27
    Description: Novel curative therapies using genetic transfer of normal globin-producing genes into autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are in clinical trials for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). The percentage of transferred globin necessary to cure SCD is currently not known. In the setting of allogeneic nonmyeloablative HSC transplants (HSCTs), stable mixed chimerism is sufficient to reverse the disease. We regularly monitored 67 patients after HSCT. After initially robust engraftment, 3 of these patients experienced declining donor myeloid chimerism (DMC) levels with eventual return of disease. From this we discovered that 20% DMC is necessary to reverse the sickle phenotype. We subsequently developed a mathematical model to test the hypothesis that the percentage of DMC necessary is determined solely by differences between donor and recipient red blood cell (RBC) survival times. In our model, the required 20% DMC can be entirely explained by the large differences between donor and recipient RBC survival times. Our model predicts that the requisite DMC and therefore necessary level of transferred globin is lowest in patients with the highest reticulocyte counts and concomitantly shortened RBC lifespans.
    Keywords: Sickle Cell Disease, Transplantation, Red Cells, Iron, and Erythropoiesis, Brief Reports
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology (ASH)
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  • 8
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    A whole-genome RNAi screen identifies an 8q22 gene cluster that inhibits death receptor-mediated apoptosis [Medical Sciences] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-26
    Description: Deregulation of apoptosis is a common occurrence in cancer, for which emerging oncology therapeutic agents designed to engage this pathway are undergoing clinical trials. With the aim of uncovering strategies to activate apoptosis in cancer cells, we used a pooled shRNA screen to interrogate death receptor signaling. This screening approach identified 16 genes that modulate the sensitivity to ligand induced apoptosis, with several genes exhibiting frequent overexpression and/or copy number gain in cancer. Interestingly, two of the top hits, EDD1 and GRHL2, are found 50 kb apart on chromosome 8q22, a region that is frequently amplified in many cancers. By using a series of silencing and overexpression studies, we show that EDD1 and GRHL2 suppress death-receptor expression, and that EDD1 expression is elevated in breast, pancreas, and lung cancer cell lines resistant to death receptor-mediated apoptosis. Supporting the relevance of EDD1 and GRHL2 as therapeutic candidates to engage apoptosis in cancer cells, silencing the expression of either gene sensitizes 8q22-amplified breast cancer cell lines to death receptor induced apoptosis. Our findings highlight a mechanism by which cancer cells may evade apoptosis, and therefore provide insight in the search for new targets and functional biomarkers for this pathway.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    Asymmetric Neuroblast Divisions Producing Apoptotic Cells Require the Cytohesin GRP-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans [Cellular Genetics] (2014)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    In: Genetics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-19
    Description: Cytohesins are Arf guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that regulate membrane trafficking and actin cytoskeletal dynamics. We report here that GRP-1 , the sole Caenorhabditis elegans cytohesin, controls the asymmetric divisions of certain neuroblasts that divide to produce a larger neuronal precursor or neuron and a smaller cell fated to die. In the Q neuroblast lineage, loss of GRP-1 led to the production of daughter cells that are more similar in size and to the transformation of the normally apoptotic daughter into its sister, resulting in the production of extra neurons. Genetic interactions suggest that GRP-1 functions with the previously described Arf GAP CNT-2 and two other Arf GEFs, EFA-6 and BRIS-1 , to regulate the activity of Arf GTPases. In agreement with this model, we show that GRP-1 ’s GEF activity, mediated by its SEC7 domain, is necessary for the posterior Q cell (Q.p) neuroblast division and that both GRP-1 and CNT-2 function in the Q.posterior Q daughter cell (Q.p) to promote its asymmetry. Although functional GFP-tagged GRP-1 proteins localized to the nucleus, the extra cell defects were rescued by targeting the Arf GEF activity of GRP-1 to the plasma membrane, suggesting that GRP-1 acts at the plasma membrane. The detection of endogenous GRP-1 protein at cytokinesis remnants, or midbodies, is consistent with GRP-1 functioning at the plasma membrane and perhaps at the cytokinetic furrow to promote the asymmetry of the divisions that require its function.
    Print ISSN: 0016-6731
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 10
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    Essential roles for the splicing regulator nSR100/SRRM4 during nervous system development [Research Papers] (2015)
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-03
    Description: Alternative splicing (AS) generates vast transcriptomic complexity in the vertebrate nervous system. However, the extent to which trans -acting splicing regulators and their target AS regulatory networks contribute to nervous system development is not well understood. To address these questions, we generated mice lacking the vertebrate- and neural-specific Ser/Arg repeat-related protein of 100 kDa (nSR100/SRRM4). Loss of nSR100 impairs development of the central and peripheral nervous systems in part by disrupting neurite outgrowth, cortical layering in the forebrain, and axon guidance in the corpus callosum. Accompanying these developmental defects are widespread changes in AS that primarily result in shifts to nonneural patterns for different classes of splicing events. The main component of the altered AS program comprises 3- to 27-nucleotide (nt) neural microexons, an emerging class of highly conserved AS events associated with the regulation of protein interaction networks in developing neurons and neurological disorders. Remarkably, inclusion of a 6-nt, nSR100-activated microexon in Unc13b transcripts is sufficient to rescue a neuritogenesis defect in nSR100 mutant primary neurons. These results thus reveal critical in vivo neurodevelopmental functions of nSR100 and further link these functions to a conserved program of neuronal microexon splicing.
    Print ISSN: 0890-9369
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
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