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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mercury uptake from contaminated water and sediment by the rooted and submerged aquatic macrophyte Eriocaulon septangulare (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1994), S. 335-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory experiments were designed to assess the relative importance of root vs shoot uptake of mercury by the submerged isoetid aquatic macrophyte Eriocaulon septangulare. Roots of mature plants that had been cultured for 31 days in sediments contaminated with non-toxic (approx. 1 μg g−1) concentrations of inorganic mercury had significantly higher concentrations and significantly greater mercury content than plants cultured in the same way but in sediments without added mercury. Under the same experimental conditions, mercury content of leaves was related to the concentration of mercury in the water, being greater in the treatments which had higher total mercury in the water. The mercury in water in the experiments originated from the sediment. There was no evidence for transport of mercury from root to shoot within the plant, although there was possibly some transport in the opposite direction. The design of the experiment avoided making two compartments with a physical separation between the water (leaf)/sediment (root) interface, but with this design it was not possible to determine with certainty whether or not “downward” transport of mercury occurred within the plant. The results with E. septangulare and mercury support the idea that aquatic macrophytes can be useful monitors of metals in sediments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203560
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certification of total mercury and methylmercury concentrations in mussel homogenate (Mytilus edulis) reference material, IAEA-142 (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 358 (1997), S. 411-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Due to the increased demand for new reference materials certified for total and methylmercury (MeHg) a sample of mussel homogenate (IAEA-142) has been prepared. Thirteen experienced laboratories reported results for total Hg of which 9 laboratories also reported results for MeHg content. Laboratories reporting MeHg results used various isolation techniques (solvent extraction, saponification, acid leaching, ion-exchange separation, and distillation) and detection systems (cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CV AAS), cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CV AFS), gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC/ECD) and HPLC with CV AAS detector). In the case of total Hg, most of the laboratories used acid digestion, only two used alkaline dissolution, followed either by CV AAS or CV AFS. One laboratory used neutron activation analyses with radiochemical separation. The data received were in good agreement. The value for total Hg was certified to be 126 ng/g, with a 95% confidence interval from 119 to 132 ng/g. For MeHg the certified value of 47 ng/g expressed as Hg was assigned, with a 95% confidence interval from 43 to 51 ng/g. Stability testing has shown that both total and MeHg are stable if samples are stored in a dry and dark place at room temperature. The sample is now available as a certified reference material and is, in particular, useful for quality control measurements of Hg and MeHg in mussel samples at low concentration levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050439
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certification of trace and major elements and methylmercury concentrations in a macroalgae (Fucus sp.) reference material, IAEA-140 (2000)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 366 (2000), S. 792-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A marine reference material, IAEA-140, prepared with a macroalgae (Fucus sp.) was recently produced by the International Atomic Energy Agency and certified for trace and major elements and for methylmercury (MeHg). Certification of this material was achieved as an outcome of an international analytical intercomparison study which resulted in 116 independent sets of results reported by participants from 54 countries. The statistical evaluation of the collected data and the criteria used for assignment of the mean and uncertainty values are described. The analysis of data allowed to certify concentration values for 24 elements and MeHg, and to provide information values for another 10 elements. Regarding the elements which could be given certified values, between two and eight different instrumental methods were used to measure metal concentrations, and four independent analytical procedures were used to measure MeHg concentrations. In order to assess the results of the certification procedure, a comparison was made between the certified values obtained from the world-wide intercomparison results and the values obtained from a small subgroup of well-qualified laboratories. The means and 95% confidence intervals for reference values obtained by the two methods are similar for most elements showing that the usual method of certification used by the IAEA, based on large groups of participants, is indeed pertinent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051573
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lead concentrations in lichens from the Canadian high arctic in relation to the latitudinal pollution gradient (1996)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 90 (1996), S. 469-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: arctic lichens ; Pb concentration ; latitudinal gradient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Measuring deposition of anthropogenic Pb is essential for quantifying global patterns of pollution dispersion. Concentrations of Pb, however, have only rarely been measured in lichens collected from the High Arctic. In this study we used flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine that the average Pb content in five lichen species from several remote sites on Ellesmere Island was 2 µg g−1 dry wt. These are among the lowest Pb concentrations that have ever been recorded in Arctic plants. Literature data were combined to establish a latitudinal gradient showing decreasing Pb concentrations in lichens with increasing latitude throughout Canada.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282662
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of dissolved and particulate mercury in three Siberian estuaries and adjacent Arctic coastal waters (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 80 (1995), S. 653-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Dissolved and particulate mercury distributions were determined in the three largest Siberian rivers and in adjacent Arctic coastal waters during two cruises. Water samples were collected in the Lena River and its mixing zone in the Laptev Sea in September 1991, and in the Ob and Yenisei Rivers and the adjacent Kara Sea in September 1993. Average total dissolved Hg concentration was 5.0 pM in the Lena River, 2.8 pM in the Ob River and 1.5 pM in the Yenisei River. Mercury content of suspended particulate matter was low, averaging 0.17 mg kg−1 in the Lena and 0.05 mg kg−1 in the Ob and Yenisei Rivers. These concentrations are lower than those observed in other world rivers affected by local input of man-made origin. In the estuarine mixing zones, higher concentrations of dissolved and particulate Hg which may originate from the spring flood were found. The carbon cycle is apparently a driving mechanism for Hg distribution in Arctic coastal waters. Particulate Hg content was positively correlated with the content of organic matter of the particles. In the Kara Sea, uptake by phytoplankton is suspected to be responsible for the increase in particulate Hg levels. Mercury fluxes from the three rivers to the Arctic Shelf are estimated and compared to direct atmospheric inputs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189718
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