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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D. C. :Island Press,
    Keywords: Protected areas - United States - Management. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: The central concept guiding the management of parks and wilderness has been "naturalness"--to a large extent the explicit purpose in establishing these special areas was to keep them in their "natural" state. But what does that mean, particularly as the effects of stressors such as habitat fragmentation, altered disturbance regimes, invasive species, and climate change increase? Beyond Naturalness brings together leading scientists and policymakers to explore the concept of naturalness, its varied meanings, and the extent to which it provides adequate guidance regarding where, when, and how managers should intervene in ecosystem processes to protect park and wilderness values. The book offers excellent writing and focus on some of the difficult questions being raised in light of new and changing stressors such as global environmental climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (304 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781597269117
    DDC: 333.78
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Park and Wilderness Stewardship: The Dilemma of Management Intervention, David N. Cole and Laurie Yung -- Chapter 2: The Trouble with Naturalness: Rethinking Park and Wilderness Goals, Gregory H. Aplet and David N. Cole -- Part I: The Changing Context of Park and Wilderness Stewardship -- Chapter 3: Evolving Ecological Understandings: The Implications of Ecosystem Dynamics, Richard J. Hobbs, Erika S. Zavaleta, David N. Cole, and Peter S. White -- Chapter 4: Shifting Environmental Foundations: The Unprecedented and Unpredictable Future, Nathan L. Stephenson, Constance I. Millar, and David N. Cole -- Chapter 5: Changing Policies and Practices: The Challenge of Managing for Naturalness, Laurie Yung, David N. Cole, David M. Graber, David J. Parsons, and Kathy A. Tonnessen -- Part II: Approaches to Guide Protected Area Conservation -- Chapter 6: Let It Be: A Hands-Off Approach to Preserving Wildness in Protected Areas, Peter Landres -- Chapter 7: Ecological Integrity: A Framework for Ecosystem-Based Management, Stephen Woodley -- Chapter 8: Historical Fidelity: Maintaining Legacy and Connection to Heritage, David N. Cole, Eric S. Higgs, and Peter S. White -- Chapter 9: Resilience Frameworks: Enhancing the Capacity to Adapt to Change, Erika S. Zavaleta and F. Stuart Chapin III -- Part III: Management Strategies for Implementing New Approaches -- Chapter 10: Objectives, Priorities, and Triage: Lessons Learned from Invasive Species Management, John M. Randall -- Chapter 11: Responding to Climate Change: A Toolbox of Management Strategies, David N. Cole, Constance I. Millar, and Nathan L. Stephenson -- Chapter 12: Conservation at Large Scales: Systems of Protected Areas and Protected Areas in the Matrix, Peter S. White, Laurie Yung, David N. Cole, and Richard J. Hobbs. , Chapter 13: Planning in the Context of Uncertainty: Flexibility for Adapting to Change, F. Stuart Chapin III, Erika S. Zavaleta, Leigh A. Welling, Paul Deprey, and Laurie Yung -- Chapter 14: Wild Design: Principles to Guide Interventions in Protected Areas, Eric S. Higgs and Richard J. Hobbs -- Chapter 15: A Path Forward: Conserving Protected Areas in the Context of Global Environmental Change, Laurie Yung, David N. Cole, and Richard J. Hobbs -- Contributors -- Index.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D. C. :Island Press,
    Keywords: Outdoor recreation-Environmental aspects. ; Animal ecology. ; Human-animal relationships. ; Wildlife conservation-Social aspects. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: "Wildlife and Recreationists defines and clarifies the issues surrounding the conflict between outdoor recreation and the health and well-being of wildlife and ecosystems. Contributors to the volume consider both direct and indirect effects of widlife-recreationist interactions, including:*wildlife responses to disturbance, and the origins of these responses*how specific recreational activities affect diverse types of wildlife*the human dimensions of managing recreationists*the economic importance of outdoor recreation*how wildlife and recreationists might be able to coexistThe book is a useful synthesis of what is known concerning wildlife and recreation. More important, it addresses both research needs and management options to minimize conflicts.".
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (391 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781610911207
    DDC: 33.78
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Preface -- Outdoor Recreation: Historical and Anticipated Trends -- Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management: Basic Concepts -- Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management: An Integrated Framework for Coexistence -- Wildlife Responses to Recreationists -- Factors That Influence Wildlife Responses to Recreationists -- Origin of Wildlife Responses to Recreationists -- Physiological Responses of Wildlife to Disturbance -- Responses of Wildlife to Noise -- Recreational Disturbance and Wildlife Populations -- Recreational Disturbance and Wildlife Communities -- Indirect Effects of Recreation on Wildlife -- Nature Tourism: Impacts and Management -- Recreation and Bald Eagles in the Pacific Northwest -- Hunting and Waterfowl -- Balancing Wildlife Viewing with Wildlife Impacts: A Case Study -- Hawk Mountain Sanctuary: A Case Study of Birder Visitation and Birding Economics -- Beach Recreation and Nesting Birds -- Waterborne Recreation and the Florida Manatee -- Rattlesnake Round-ups -- Wildlife and Recreationists: Coexistence through Management -- Taking the Land Ethic Outdoors: Its Implications for Recreation -- List of Scientific Names -- Index -- Contributors.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 10 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of intensive recreation impacts and restoration amendments on soil parameters were assessed at four campsites in the Eagle Cap Wilderness, northeastern Oregon. Sites (2,215- to 2,300-m elevation) are characterized by shallow granitic soils, an Abies lasiocarpa/Pinus albicaulis overstory, and a Vaccinium scoparium understory. In fall 1995, plots were established at four campsites on three subalpine lakes in which soils were scarified, compost amended, and planted to native species. In summer 1998, we sampled surface soils (0–15 cm) on undisturbed sites (between and under vegetation) and unamended and compost-amended campsite soils. Samples were analyzed for total organic C, total N, potentially mineralizable N (PMN), NH4, soil moisture, microbial biomass, basal 5-day respiration rates, and microbial community carbon utilization profiles. Unamended campsite soils had significantly lower levels of PMN, microbial biomass, basal respiration, and number of substrates metabolized in carbon utilization profiles. Compost addition elevated all these impacted parameters on campsite soils, although the increase in basal respiration rate was neither statistically significant nor sufficient to approach rates found underneath vegetation on undisturbed soils. Only the number of substrates metabolized in the carbon utilization profiles was significantly higher on compost-amended soils than on undisturbed soils. Levels of PMN indicate that campsite soils may lack sufficient N for rapid plant regeneration, whereas amended and undisturbed soils contained adequate quantities of available N. This work suggests that compost amendments can ameliorate impacts to soil chemistry and microbial populations caused by camping, without exceeding the N fertility found on undisturbed soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental management 10 (1986), S. 651-659 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wilderness ; Backcountry management ; Ecological impact ; Recreation ; Campsites ; Grand Canyon National Park ; Pinyon-juniper ; Desert scrub
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Backcountry campsites were studied in three desert vegetation types (pinyon-juniper, catclaw, and desert scrub) in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. Relationships between amount of use and amount of impact were examined within each vegetation type. The area disturbed was small, but impacts were generally severe. Important impacts were increased soil compaction and associated decreases in infiltration rates and soil moisture content; these were substantially more pronounced on high than low use sites. The only impact parameter that differed significantly between vegetation types was core area. The types of impact identified are similar to those found in the coniferous forests studied elsewhere, as is the logarithmic relationship between amount of use and amount of impact. However, Grand Canyon sites can support more visitor use before reaching near-maximum levels of impact for important impact parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental management 12 (1988), S. 99-107 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Riparian forests ; Campsites ; Ecological impacts ; Wild and scenic rivers ; Recreation management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Ecological impacts on camp and picnic sites were examined in three National Park Service units along the Delaware and New rivers, in the eastern United States. All sites experienced pronounced impact to trees, groundcover vegetation, and soils. The nature and magnitude of impacts in these riparian forests were quite similar to those reported in wilderness areas in the mountainous western states and northern Minnesota, despite more favorable growing conditions. The relationship between amount of use and amount of impact and the importance of differences in type of use and environment were also roughly comparable. High-use sites were more heavily impacted than low-use sites, but differences were small when compared with differences in amount of use. The areal extent of impact was the major difference between sites in different environments and sites used by different clienteles. This suggests that the effectiveness of basic strategies for managing impact should not differ greatly between regions. Here, as elsewhere, actions taken to control the areal extent of impact appear to be particularly important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental management 16 (1992), S. 255-264 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Campsites ; Ecological impacts ; Vegetation damage ; Wilderness ; Modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A standard campsite model is proposed and then manipulated to examine the influence of individual variables on amount of vegetation loss. Amount of impact is influenced by amount of use, vegetation fragility, vegetation density, and the degree to which activities are concentrated spatially on the site. Degree of concentration also influences the importance of the other explanatory variables. Amount of use and vegetation fragility are equally important determinants of impact and are most influential where activity concentration is low. The curvilinear relationship between amount of use and amount of impact can be explained by the tendency for activities to become increasingly concentrated as amount of use increases. This relationship should not vary with regional or environmental characteristics except where these influence degree of activity concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental management 19 (1995), S. 623-628 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental management 7 (1983), S. 275-288 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wilderness ; Backcountry management ; Ecological impact ; Campsites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Campsites were studied in subalpine forests in the Eagle Cap Wilderness in Oregon, and in the Mission Mountains Tribal Wilderness and the Rattlesnake Wilderness in Montana. Research objectives were to examine ecological changes on these sites and the extent to which these changes become more pronounced as use increases For most parameters measured, impact on campsites used for only a few nights per year exceeds threshold values beyond which further increases in use have little effect Loss of litter, tree root exposure, and site enlargement are the major types of alteration that are more pronounced on sites occupied more frequently than several nights per year In heavily used parts of backcountry areas, this suggests that ecological change can be minimized by limiting use to a small number of sites In the three areas studied, campsite occupancy rates would probably have to be no higher than a few nights per year before dispersal of use among a large number of sites would be an ecologically sound strategy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental management 19 (1995), S. 405-416 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Campsites ; Ecological impact ; Resistance ; Vegetation impact ; Wilderness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Previously undisturbed sites in four different vegetation types were camped on for one night and for four nights. Changes in vegetation cover and vegetation height were measured after camping and one year later. Results are presented separately for different campsite zones—parts of the site where campers slept, cooked meals, and stored their packs. Just one night of camping was sufficient to cause evident impact in all four vegetation types, although the amount of impact varied significantly between zones and between vegetation types. Vegetation impact on campsites used four nights was generally less than twice as severe as impact on the sites used one night. The effects of camping on vegetation were also predicted for 12 other vegetation types on the basis of vegetational responses to experimental trampling. These results suggest that impact can almost always be minimized by confining camping to a small number of campsites instead of dispersing use across many campsites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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