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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neuroblastoma (2005)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Medicine ; Neurology ; Oncology ; Pediatrics ; Surgery ; Medicine & Public Health ; Neurology ; Oncology ; Pediatrics ; Surgery ; Medicine ; Neuroblastoma ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Neuroblastom ; Neuroblastom
    Description / Table of Contents: Neuroblastoma is a medical enigma. As a childhood neoplasm arising from neural crest cells, it is characterized by diverse clinical behaviors ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid tumor progression and death. Although clinical outcome can be predicted to a large extent by the stage of disease and the age at diagnosis, an in-depth understanding of its clinico-pathological behavior, now greatly aided by sophisticated molecular genetic profiling, will improve diagnostic precision and refine risk-based therapies. Comprehensive international efforts have advanced our understanding of tumor biology and improved the clinical management of children with neuroblastoma. This book reviews our current understanding of the genes and biological pathways that contribute to neuroblastoma pathogenesis, modern risk-based treatment approaches for these patients, and recent advances in biologically based therapy. It provides a concise up-to-date reference for practitioners, students, and researchers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 300 p. 51 illus, digital)
    ISBN: 9783540266167
    Series Statement: Pediatric Oncology
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/b137762
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b137762
    URL: https://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz285860526cov.jpg
    URL: https://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz118530348inh.htm
    URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/bowker/toc/9783540408413.pdf
    DOI: 10.1007/b137762
    RVK:
    XH 8650
    Language: English
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Epidemiology; Screening for Neuroblastoma; Genetics; Molecular Cytogenetics; Molecular and Developmental Biology of Neuroblastoma; Cellular Heterogeneity; Clinical Presentation; Pathology of Peripheral Neuroblastic Tumors; Molecular Pathology of Neuroblastic Tumors Based on Genome-wide Expression Analysis; Anatomic and Functional Imaging; Treatment of Neuroblastoma; Treatment of Relapsed and Refractory Neuroblastoma; Management of Neurologic Complications; Immunology and Immunotherapy; Differentiation and Retinoids; Angiogenesis; Experimental Therapeutics and Preclinical Models , Late Effects of TreatmentPerspectives and Future Directions
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Noncoordinating buffers. I. Synthesis and characterization of water soluble derivatives of 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine (1973)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 38 (1973), S. 1123-1126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00946a013
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preferential amplification of the paternal allele of the N–myc gene in human neuroblastomas (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 4 (1993), S. 191-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Genomic imprinting plays a role in influencing the parental origin of genes involved in cancer–specific rearrangements. We have analysed 22 neuroblastomas with N–myc amplification to determine the parental origin of the amplified N–myc allele and the allele that is deleted from ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0693-191
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small molecule nerve growth factor analogs image receptors in vivo (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 14 (1996), S. 1120-1123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The in vivo targeting efficacy of small molecule analogs of nerve growth factor (NGF) that bind the NGF receptor p140 TrkA was evaluated and compared with that of a high-affinity anti-TrkA monoclonal antibody (Mab 5C3). Nuclear imaging studies were done after the injection of 99mTc-labeled ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0996-1120
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibody-independent phagocytosis of tumor cells by human monocyte-derived macrophages cultured in recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 41 (1995), S. 46-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words Macrophage ; Cytotoxicity ; Phagocytosis ; Tumor cells ; Macrophage-colony-stimulating factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Human monocytes exposed in vitro to recombinant macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (rhMCSF) differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), which mediate efficient antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) against tumor cells. We and others have shown that this form of ADCC is unusual in that phagocytosis, rather than extracellular lysis, appears to play the major role in target cell killing. In this study, we asked whether the phagocytic form of cytotoxicity seen with ADCC could occur in the absence of an opsonizing antibody. We now report that, whereas cell lines derived from solid tumors are often resistant to antibody-independent cytotoxicity, malignant cells of lymphoid origin appear particularly susceptible to such antibody-independent killing. We found that all of nine lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma cell lines tested in a total of 35 experiments, plus all four samples of fresh leukemic blasts, were consistently susceptible to antibody-independent MDM cytotoxicity. Antibody-independent cytotoxicity against these cells was efficient (40%–63% killing) at effector : target (E : T) ratios as low as 2 : 1. Like ADCC, antibody-independent cytotoxicity involved phagocytosis of target cells, as demonstrated by ingestion of fluorescently labeled targets and analysis by flow cytometry. At the time of phagocytosis, the majority of target cells retained membrane integrity, as indicated by the direct transfer of intracellular [51Cr]chromate from radiolabeled targets to phagocytosing MDM, without release of the label into the medium. However, in contrast to ADCC, we found that the degree of antibody-independent cytotoxicity was not a function of the E : T ratio. Instead, a constant proportion of the available target cells were killed regardless of the E : T ratio, suggesting that target cell recognition, rather than effector cell potency, might be the limiting factor in determining cytotoxicity. In additional experiments, we have also identified a second tumor cell type, nueroblastoma, as being susceptible to antibody-independent phagocytosis (all of five cell lines tested, cytotoxicity 40%–93%, E : T=3 : 1). Our data thus indicate that the cytotoxicity induced by rhMCSF is not confined to antibody-mediated killing, and that phagocytosis can play a significant role in target cell destruction even in the absence of opsonizing antibody.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01788959
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of in vitro antibody-targeted cytotoxicity using mouse, rat and human effectors (2000)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 49 (2000), S. 259-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity ; Complement ; Neutrophils ; Eosinophils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Antibodies can direct tumor cell lysis by activating complement-mediated and cell-mediated cytoxicities (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, ADCC). Clinical translation of these effects into successful cancer therapy has been slow. Choosing an appropriate animal model to test new therapeutic strategies is difficult because of species differences in immunological effector functions. In previous work, we found that an unmodified anti-ganglioside mouse IgG3 monoclonal antibody (mAb), 3F8, could successfully treat clinical tumors in humans and experimental tumors in rats but not experimental tumors in mice. We explored the reasons for this species difference by performing in vitro antibody-dependent cytotoxicity assays comparing the potency of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), natural killer (NK) cells and complement from the three species: mouse, rat and human. 3F8-dependent complement-mediated cytotoxicity produced more than 70% specific release when human and rat sera were used and only 20% with mouse serum. PMN-mediated ADCC was 35%–70% with human effectors, 25%–60% with rat and undetectable with mouse. Human eosinophils did not contribute to this ADCC. Cytotoxicity utilizing interleukin-2-activated NK cells was antibody-independent in all three species but the specific release was 60%–70% with human and rat NK cells and 10% with mouse NK cells. These data suggest that, for mouse IgG3, the rat may provide a more relevant rodent model than the mouse for testing the in vivo antitumor effects of monoclonal antibodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002620000120
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibody-independent phagocytosis of tumor cells by human monocyte-derived macrophages cultured in recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 41 (1995), S. 46-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Macrophage ; Cytotoxicity ; Phagocytosis Tumor cells ; Macrophage-colony-stimulating factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Human monocytes exposed in vitro to recombinant macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (rhMCSF) differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), which mediate efficient antibodydependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) against tumor cells. We and others have shown that this form of ADCC is unusual in that phagocytosis, rather than extracellular lysis, appears to play the major role in target cell killing. In this study, we asked whether the phagocytic form of cytotoxicity seen with ADCC could occur in the absence of an opsonizing antibody. We now report that, whereas cell lines derived from solid tumors are often resistant to antibody-independent cytotoxicity, malignant cells of lymphoid origin appear particularly susceptible to such antibody-independent killing. We found that all of nine lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma cell lines tested in a total of 35 experiments, plus all four samples of fresh leukemic blasts, were consistently susceptible to antibody-independent MDM cytotoxicity. Antibody-independent cytotoxicity against these cells was efficient (40%–63% killing) at effector: target (E:T) ratios as low as 2:1. Like ADCC, antibody-independent cytotoxicity involved phagocytosis of target cells, as demonstrated by ingestion of fluorescently labeled targets and analysis by flow cytometry. At the time of phagocytosis, the majority of target cells retained membrane integrity, as indicated by the direct transfer of intracellular [51Cr]chromate from radiolabeled targets to phagocytosing MDM, without release of the label into the medium. However, in contrast to ADCC, we found that the degree of antibody-independent cytotoxicity was not a function of the E:T ratio. Instead, a constant proportion of the available target cells were killed regardless of the E:T ratio, suggesting that target cell recognition, rather than effector cell potency, might be the limiting factor in determining cytotoxicity. In additional experiments, we have also identified a second tumor cell type, nueroblastoma, as being susceptible to antibody-independent phagocytosis (all of five cell lines tested, cytotoxicity 40%–93%, E:T=3:1). Our data thus indicate that the cytotoxicity induced by rhMCSF is not confined to antibody-mediated killing, and that phagocytosis can play a significant role in target cell destruction even in the absence of opsonizing antibody.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01788959
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of primary tumor regression with chemotherapy: Implications for the timing of surgery (1996)
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 3 (1996), S. 521-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Kinetics ; Regression ; Timing of surgery ; Pediatric cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: The kinetics of tumor regression during administration of chemotherapy has relevance to the timing of surgery. The aim of this study was characterization of the time course of primary tumor regression in initially unresectable rhabdomyosarcoma, hepatoblastoma, and neuroblastoma patients. We also estimated the total cell number in the primary tumor at diagnosis. Methods: Tumor volumes of 24 pediatric patients with either unresectable rhabdomyosarcoma, hepatoblastoma, or neuroblastoma were determined by using computerized three-dimensional reconstruction from serial computed tomography (CT) scans during chemotherapy. Cell densities were calculated by counting cell numbers in high-power fields and dividing by area and section thickness. Cell number at diagnosis was then calculated. Results: Median tumor volumes at diagnosis were 175 cc, 748 cc, and 738 cc for rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and hepatoblastoma, respectively. The median tumor cell counts were 31, 68, and 59 × 1010 cells/tumor for rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and hepatoblastoma, respectively. The tumor regression was most rapid during the first two cycles, and little change in volume was observed after three cycles. Conclusion: Rapid initial reduction in primary tumor volume with chemotherapy was observed in rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and hepatoblastoma. These data suggest that second-look resection may be feasible after two to three cycles of chemotherapy. This hypothesis may be tested by randomizing the timing of second-look surgical intervention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02306083
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic control of the primary humoral response to Glu56Lys35Phe9 (1977)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 4 (1977), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The primary humoral responses of mice to the linear random terpolymerl-Glu56-l-Lys35-l-Phe9 (GLø) were studied, utilizing the Farr antigen-binding technique and a new hemagglutination assay. This new hemagglutinin assay was easier and more convenient than the conventional Farr method, and was more sensitive in detecting early IgM responses. Following primary immunization, the majority of antibodies produced by responder strains were 2-ME-sensitive. These 2-ME-sensitive antibodies chromatographed at the same relative position as IgM on a Sepharose 6B column. On the other hand, no antibodies of either the IgM or IgG class could be detected in nonresponder strains. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that two complementingIr genes are required for the primary IgM response to GLø, in contrast to findings previously reported for (T,G)-A — L, anotherH-2-linked, complementing,Ir gene system. The implications of these differences are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575655
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of spinal epidural neuroblastoma xenografts in rats using anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody 3F8 (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 15 (1993), S. 235-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: epidural tumor ; neuroblastoma ; 3F8 ; monoclonal antibody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Epidural neuroblastoma xenografts in nude rats causing paraparesis were treated with intravenous injection of an anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody 3F8. Metastatic or primary epidural tumors in humans cause rapid neurologic compromise. Treatment is often unsatisfactory. An animal model was established to study antibody targeted therapy of epidural tumor. Human neuroblastoma was xenotransplanted into the thoracic epidural space of nude rats. When paraparesis developed, animals were treated intravenously with an anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody, 3F8, either alone or radiolabeled with131Iodine. Improvement in neurologic function occurred in 2 of 20 (10%) animals receiving no treatment or control antibody, 14 of 17 (82%) animals receiving 3F8 alone and all 9 animals receiving131I-3F8 (p〈0.0001 for 3F8 or131I-3F8 vs. control). Six animals treated with 3F8 alone recovered normal neurologic function and remained well until sacrifice 10 days later. Four animals treated with 3F8 alone had no tumor evident on pathologic examination. The percent injected dose of131I-3F8/g tumor in 5 samples ranged from 0.73% to 3.8%. These observations demonstrate that neoplastic epidural compression of the spinal cord in the rat can be treated successfully with intravenous unmodified monoclonal antibody and that signs of neurologic dysfunction can be reversed. The potential of this approach in treating patients with epidural tumors and other neoplasms, especially those that are not sensitive to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, deserves to be explored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050069
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