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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Hydrogeology : = Hydrogéologie (1972)
    Montreal
    Details Availability
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: XII, 318 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: International Geological Congress : twenty-fourth session, Canada, 1972 = Congres Geologique International sect. 11
    URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/tib-ub-hannover/300198620.pdf
    Language: English , French
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  • 2
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    A Science Plan for Regional Arctic System Modeling, A report to the National Science Foundation from the International Arctic Science Community. (2010)
    In:  EPIC3International Arctic Research Center Technical Papers 10-0001, International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 47 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Book , peerRev
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  • 3
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    A science plan for regional arctic system modeling a report by the arctic research community for the National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs (2010)
    In:  EPIC3International Arctic Research Center (IARC) Publication 10-0001, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 10, 55 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Book , peerRev
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A MULTILEVEL DEVICE FOR GROUND-WATER SAMPLING (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 1 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1981.tb00796.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Situ Denitrification of Septic-System Nitrate Using Reactive Porous Media Barriers: Field Trials (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 33 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A new alternative septic-system design is presented utilizing reactive porous media barriers for passive in situ attenuation of NO3−. The reactive material consists of solid organic carbon (sawdust) which promotes NO3- attenuation by heterotrophic denitrification. Four field trials are discussed demonstrating two barrier configurations: as a horizontal layer positioned in the vadose zone below a conventional septic-system infiltration bed and as a vertical wall intercepting a horizontally flowing downgradient plume. During one year of operation both barrier configurations have been successful in substantial attenuation (60 to 100%) of input NO3- levels of up to 125 mg/1 as N. The horizontal layer configuration can be readily installed during the construction of new infiltration beds, whereas the vertical wall configuration may be more appropriate for retrofitting existing septic systems where NO3- contamination has already occurred. The layer configuration allows the flexibility of constructing the barrier in the vadose zone by using coarse silt or fine sand matrix material that has the ability to remain tension-saturated, and thus anaerobic, even when positioned above the water table.Advantages of the barrier system are that it is simple to construct, no surface structures or additional plumbing are necessary, and treatment is passive requiring no energy consumption and little or no maintenance. Mass balance calculations and preliminary results suggest that conveniently sized barriers have the potential to last for decades without replenishment of the reactive material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00266.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field Study of a Long and Very Narrow Contaminant Plume (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 32 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A contaminant plume more than 7,700 meters long and a few hundred meters wide has been delineated using a network of bundle piezometers. The location, concentration, and starting time of the source are well-defined. The plume occurs in a stratified, highly permeable, sand and gravel aquifer in which the ground-water flow is unusually steady in direction and magnitude. A ground-water velocity of 380 meters per annum and a longitudinal dispersivity of 60 to 120 meters are obtained by simulating chloride breakthrough data at 7,700 meters from the source. Simulation of the cross-sectional distribution of chloride concentrations at 5,500 meters shows the horizontal transverse dispersivity to be at most 0.10 meters. This very small maximum value for horizontal transverse dispersivity is two to four orders of magnitude smaller than values reported in the literature for plumes of similar lengths. It is postulated that the very weak lateral dispersion is due primarily to the steadiness of the ground-water flow.An ICP-MS, equipped with an ultrasonic nebulizer and active-film multiplier detector, is used to attempt to determine 54 trace elements directly in ground water. Lithium, arsenic, rubidium, strontium, barium, and antimony are found in the microgram-per-liter (part-per-billion = ppb) range. Most of the other elements are present at nanogram-per-liter (part-per-trillion = ppt) concentrations. Ion exchange preconcentration is utilized in order to improve the sensitivity for measuring the rare earth elements that exist at concentrations as low as 0.05 ppt for lutetium, thulium, and terbium. The formation of molecular species in the plasma produces false positive results for some of the elements. The presence of silicon or carbon dioxide interferes with the measurement of scandium, strontium interferes with rhodium and palladium, and barium interferes with europium. Correction procedures for these interferences are discussed. All together, the concentrations of the 54 elements in water from four Nevada springs span almost seven orders of magnitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00940.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Matrix Diffusion Effects on Contaminant Migration from an Injection Well in Fractured Sandstone (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 22 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Deep-well injection into fractured sandstone is an option for the disposal of contaminated mine dewatering discharge from an open pit uranium mine. As part of the assessment of potential contaminant migration from deep-well injection, the effect of matrix diffusion was evaluated. An analytical mathematical model was developed for the simulation of the radial movement of a contaminant front away from an injection point under steady flow conditions in a planar fracture with uniform properties. The model includes the effects of advection in the fracture, diffusion of contaminants from the fracture into the rock matrix, and equilibrium adsorption on the fracture surface as well as in the rock matrix. Effective diffusion coefficients obtained from laboratory experiments on 11 intact core samples varied from 3.4 × 10−8 to 3.2 × 10−7 cm2/s. Model simulations were made with diffusion coefficient values in this range and with single-fracture injection rates estimated from fracture frequencies in boreholes, and from bulk hydraulic conductivity values obtained from field tests. Because of matrix diffusion, the rate of outward movement of the front of the nonreactive contaminants from the injection well is much slower than the rate of water flow in the fractures. Simulations of the movement of contaminants that undergo adsorption indicate that even a small distribution coefficient for the rock matrix causes the contaminants to remain very close to the injection well during the one-year period. The results of the simplified model demonstrate that matrix diffusion is an important process that cannot be neglected in the assessment of a waste disposal scheme located in fractured porous rock. However, in order to make a definitive assessment of the capability of matrix diffusion and associated matrix adsorption to significantly limit the extent of contaminant migration around injection wells, it would be necessary to conduct field tests such as a preliminary or experimental injection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1984.tb01403.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impacts on a Sand Aquifer from an Old Septic System: Nitrate and Phosphate (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 34 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Four hundred ground-water sampling points were used to delineate a plume in an unconfined sand aquifer at a 44 year old septic system servicing a school in Ontario, Canada. A bromide tracer test indicated a residence time of one to two weeks for sewage effluent in the 1.6 meter unsaturated zone beneath the tile bed. This is sufficient time for the oxidation of all nitrogen to nitrate to be complete and for the content of dissolved organic carbon to decrease from about 19 mg/l in the septic tank to about 1 mg/l at the water table. The 15m wide plume core emanates more than 110 meters downgradient of the tile bed, has detectable dissolved oxygen, high nitrate (20–120 mg/l as N), chloride (42–209 mg/l), sodium (34–101 mg/l), calcium (120–249 mg/l), and above background sulphate, and potassium. Ground-water flow velocity at this site is rapid (100 m/yr); thus the mapped extent of the plume (110 m) represents about one year effluent loading. Phosphate (PO43-) concentrations at the water table (∼ 1–2 mg/l as P) appear to have reached steady state at values significantly lower than that of the effluent (9 mg/l as P). Steady-state concentrations suggest that mineral precipitation reactions control attenuation in the unsaturated zone. A comparison of phosphate sorbed (74 mg/kg) and total P in the soil (1000 mg/kg) suggests that precipitation is a more important process in the unsaturated zone than is sorption. PO43- levels in the plume, however, remain elevated (0.3–1.8 mg/l as P) relative to background levels in ground water (〈0.01 mg/l as P) up to 75 meters away from the tile bed. This migration distance of PO43- in ground water is greater than that observed at other younger septic system sites. The extent of the plume at this site suggests that long-term PO43- migration in the ground-water zone may be controlled by adsorption processes that allow slow but progressive advancement of PO43-.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb02177.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stable Isotopes of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Source Identification of Nitrate from Septic Systems (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 31 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Stable isotopes, 15N and 18O, have been used as tracers to differentiate a contaminant nitrate plume emanating from a single domestic septic system, in a ground-water system characterized by high and similar nitrate content outside and inside of the contaminant plume. A good delineation of the nitrate plume of septic origin was obtained using 15 N analysis in nitrate. The 15N content ofthe nonplunie nitrate is in agreement with the sources of nitrate: solid cattle manure, synthetic fertilizer (NH4-NO3), and soil organic nitrogen, at the study site. 18O analysis in nitrate did not provide enough isotopic contrast to permit separation of nitrate derived from the septic system and that in the surrounding ground water, derived from agricultural fertilizer sources. 18O data indicated that nitrification of ammonium is the main process responsible for formation of nitrate at the study site. 18O in ground water clearly delineated the ground-water plume associated with the septic system and suggest that this tracer should be considered in studies related with contaminant plumes of different origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01809.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Depth of Fractures and Active Ground-Water Flow in a Clayey Till Plain in Southwestern Ontario (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 29 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The St. Clair Plain in southwestern Ontario is underlain by extensive clayey till deposits which are generally 30 m to 40 m thick. The tills have vertical fractures near the ground surface, and this study investigates the depth of those fractures. Observations in test pits show that most weathering features along fractures reach a depth of only 2.5 m to 4 m, though isolated major fractures extend past the pit bottom depth of 5.6 m at two sites. This study also investigates the depth of active ground-water flow, which is defined as the ground-water flow in the clayey deposit which occurs in fractures. Water-level response tests show bulk hydraulic conductivities of the fractured till ranging from 〉10−7 to 10−8 cm/s. Seasonal variations in hydraulic head profiles suggest that fractures influence ground-water flow to maximum depths ranging from 5 m to more than 10 m at the 10 sites studied. The water table is usually within 2 m of the surface, but piezometers went dry to depths of 2 m to 4.9 m during dry periods in 1987 and 1988. Tritium levels greater than l T.U., indicating the presence of post-1952 water, are found to depths of 7.5 m at all sites and to depths exceeding 12 m in two cases. Tritium has moved to the base of deep, open fractures by active ground-water flow and has travelled 1 or 2 m beyond that depth by molecular diffusion. Observations of seasonal water-level variations and tritium sampling show the most promise for determining the maximum depth of hydraulically active, vertical fractures. The maximum depth of active ground-water flow in fractures varies widely, ranging from 5 m to more than 10 m at the 12 sites studied on the St. Clair Plain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1991.tb00531.x
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