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  • 1
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    Reconciling Canopy Interception Parameterization and Rainfall Forcing Frequency in the Community Land Model for Simulating Evapotranspiration of Rainforests and Oil Palm Plantations in Indonesia (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-14
    Description: By mediating evapotranspiration processes, plant canopies play an important role in the terrestrial water cycle and regional climate. Substantial uncertainties exist in modeling canopy water interception and related hydrological processes due to rainfall forcing frequency selection and varying canopy traits. Here we design a new time interpolation method “zero” to better represent convective-type precipitation in tropical regions. We also implement and recalibrate plant functional type-specific interception parameters for rainforests and oil palm plantations, where oil palms express higher water interception capacity than forests, using the Community Land Model (CLM) versions 4.5 and 5.0 with CLM-Palm embedded. Reconciling the interception scheme with realistic precipitation forcing produces more accurate canopy evaporation and transpiration for both plant functional types, which in turn improves simulated evapotranspiration and energy partitioning when benchmarked against observations from our study sites in Indonesia and an extensive literature review. Regional simulations for Sumatra and Kalimantan show that industrial oil palm plantations have 18–27% higher transpiration and 15–20% higher evapotranspiration than forests on an annual regional average basis across different ages or successional stages, even though the forests experience higher average precipitation according to reanalysis data. Our land-only modeling results indicate that current oil palm plantations in Sumatra and Kalimantan use 15–20% more water (mean 220 mm or 20 Gt) per year compared to lowland rainforests of the same extent. The extra water use by oil palm reduces soil moisture and runoff that could affect ecosystem services such as productivity of staple crops and availability of drinking water in rural areas.
    Keywords: 551.5 ; canopy interception ; forcing frequency ; evapotranspiration ; Community Land Model ; land use change ; oil palm
    Language: English
    Type: map
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inductively coupled plasma etching of InP using N2/H2 (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 5322-5325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Inductively coupled plasma etching of InP in N2/H2 is demonstrated. The dependence of etch rates on N2/H2 composition, radio frequency power and etching pressure is presented. An optimized process is developed and shown to be suitable for the slow, well-controlled, etching of InP-based nanostructures, while yielding excellent surface morphology. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1365942
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BMP stimulation of bone response adjacent to titanium implants in vivo (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 10 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) on the bond strength of titanium (Ti) implants at the bon-implant interface. Thirty-six Brånemark screw implants (3.75 mm diameter by 15 mm long) were implanted for 3 and 12 weeks. At 3 weeks after implantation, the mean reverse torque value for implants stimulated with BMP delivered using an atelopeptide type-1 collagen carrier (74.2±5.2 N cm) was observed to be statistically greater (P〈0.000016) than the mean reverse torque value for control Ti implants (32.8±1.1 N cm). Similarly, at 12 weeks after implantation, the mean reverse torque value for implants stimulated with BMP (89.2±2.7 N cm) was statistically greater (P〈0.0042) than the mean reverse torque value for control Ti implants (75.8±2.4 N cm). In addition, hisiomorphometric evaluations indicated more bone contact with the BMP stimulated implant surfaces compared to the controls after 3 weeks implantation. It was concluded from this study that the use of BMP-atelopeptide type-1 collagen mixture is an effective means of obtaining greater bond strength at the bone-implant interface within a shorter time period than Ti implants without BMP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1999.100304.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
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    Observations on PVP-protected noble metallic nanoparticle deposits upon heating via in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (2011)
    Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-08
    Description: Jenn-Ming Song, Guan-Di Chiou, Wei-Ting Chen, Shih-Yun Chen, Tzu-Hsuan Kao, In-Gann Chen, Hsin-Yi Lee (Paper from Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.) Jenn-Ming Song, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01159b To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above. The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 1463-9076
    Electronic ISSN: 1463-9084
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
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    Strain-driven phase boundaries in BiFeO_{3} thin films studied by atomic force microscopy and x-ray diffraction (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-18
    Description: Author(s): Heng-Jui Liu, Chen-Wei Liang, Wen-I Liang, Hsiang-Jung Chen, Jan-Chi Yang, Chun-Yen Peng, Guang-Fu Wang, Feng-Nan Chu, Yi-Chun Chen, Hsin-Yi Lee, Li Chang, Su-Jien Lin, and Ying-Hao Chu We report a detailed study on the strain-driven phase transition between the tetragonal-like and rhombohedral-like phases in epitaxial BiFeO 3 (BFO) thin films which focuses on their structural nature, thermodynamic stability, and ferroelectric/piezoelectric properties. We first show that the tetrago... [Phys. Rev. B 85, 014104] Published Tue Jan 17, 2012
    Keywords: Structure, structural phase transitions, mechanical properties, defects
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Sensors, Vol. 12, Pages 17620-17632: A Wireless Accelerometer-Based Body Posture Stability Detection System and Its Application for Meditation Practitioners (2012)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Sensors
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-19
    Description: The practice of meditation has become an interesting research issue in recent decades. Meditation is known to be beneficial for health improvement and illness reduction and many studies on meditation have been made, from both the physiological and psychological points of view. It is a fundamental requirement of meditation practice to be able to sit without body motion. In this study, a novel body motion monitoring and estimation system has been developed. A wireless tri-axis accelerometer is used to measure body motion. Both a mean and maximum motion index is derived from the square summation of three axes. Two experiments were conducted in this study. The first experiment was to investigate the motion index baseline among three leg-crossing postures. The second experiment was to observe posture dynamics for thirty minute’s meditation. Twenty-six subjects participated in the experiments. In one experiment, thirteen subjects were recruited from an experienced meditation group (meditation experience > 3 years); and the other thirteen subjects were beginners (meditation experience 〈 1 years). There was a significant posture stability difference between both groups in terms of either mean or maximum parameters (p 〈 0.05), according to the results of the experiment. Results from another experiment showed that the motion index is different for various postures, such as full-lotus 〈 half-lotus 〈 non-lotus.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 7
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    Unsteady Unidirectional MHD Flow of Voigt Fluids Moving between Two Parallel Surfaces for Variable Volume Flow Rates (2012)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-04
    Description: The velocity profile and pressure gradient of an unsteady state unidirectional MHD flow of Voigt fluids moving between two parallel surfaces under magnetic field effects are solved by the Laplace transform method. The flow motion between parallel surfaces is induced by a prescribed inlet volume flow rate that varies with time. Four cases of different inlet volume flow rates are considered in this study including (1) constant acceleration piston motion, (2) suddenly started flow, (3) linear acceleration piston motion, and (4) oscillatory piston motion. The solution for each case is elaborately derived, and the results of associated velocity profile and pressure gradients are presented in analytical forms.
    Print ISSN: 1110-757X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-0042
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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    PAPER CURRENT
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