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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 1771-1776 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The surface barrier height and surface Fermi level of InAlAs were investigated via photoreflectance spectra. Surface state density was then determined from the surface barrier height as a function of temperature, illumination power intensity, and intrinsic layer thickness. Results obtained from these three independent approaches all give the same conclusion, that the surface states are distributed over two separate regions within the energy band gap. Closely examining the photovoltage induced by various incident beam intensities revealed that the photovoltage effect is negligible when the illumination power intensity is below 1.0 μW/cm2. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 1765-1767 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Room temperature photoreflectance (PR) was used to investigate the surface state densities of GaAs and In0.52Al0.48As surface intrinsic-n+ structures. The built-in electric field and thus the surface barrier height are evaluated using the observed Franz–Keldysh oscillations in the PR spectra. Based on the thermionic emission theory and current-transport theory, the surface state density as well as the pinning position of the Fermi level can be determined from the dependence of the surface barrier height on the pump beam intensity. Even though this method is significantly simpler, easier to perform, and time efficient compared with other approaches, the results obtained agree with the literature. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 1775-1779 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magneto-optical properties of Co–Pt alloy films were investigated at low and room temperatures. We also investigated atomic and electronic structures of these films. The saturated polar Kerr rotation angles of CoPt and CoPt3 alloy films show different temperature dependence. Synchrotron-radiation photoemission spectroscopy was employed to confirm the correlation between the magneto-optical properties and the electronic structures of these films. Changes of a peak at 4.3 eV relevant to the Pt 5d levels hybridized with Co 3d electrons of the CoPt film and of the valence-band shape upon cooling have the same trend as that of the saturated Kerr rotation angle. A structural phase transition of the CoPt film from the tetragonal L10 to orthorhombic phase upon cooling is suggested by the theoretical calculations using linearized-muffin-tin-orbitals methods within the so-called "LDA+U" scheme as well as the experimental observations. X-ray diffraction patterns before and after cooling also support this structural phase transition. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 135-138 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cu (400 Å)/polyimide was mixed with 80 keV Ar+ and N2+ from 1.0×1015 to 2.0×1016 ions/cm2. The same processes were repeated for the Cu (400 Å)/Al (50 Å)/polyimide system which has Al as a buffer layer. The quantitative adhesion strength was measured by a standard scratch test. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to investigate the change in the chemical bonds of the ion beam mixed polyimide substrate and the intermediate effects for the adhesion enhancement in Cu/Al/polyimide. Two distinct tendencies are observed in the adhesion strength: Cu/Al/polyimide is more adhesive than Cu/polyimide after ion beam mixing, and N2+ ions are more effective in the adhesion enhancement than Ar+. The formation of an interlayer compound of CuAl2O4 accounts for the former, while the latter is understood by the fact that N2+ ions produce more pyridinelike moiety, amide group and tertiary amine moiety which are known as adhesion promoters. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 3690-3695 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The band gaps, built-in electric field, and surface Fermi level of a series In1−xAlxAs surface-intrinsic-n+ (SIN+) structures have been studied by photoreflectance at room temperature. The samples were grown by molecular beam epitaxy with an undoped layer thickness of 1000 Å. Our study indicates that, in contrast to GaAs and AlGaAs, the surface Fermi level is not pinned at midgap over aluminum concentration of 0.42–0.57. The pinning position is composition dependent. The undoped layer was subsequently etched to 800, 600, 400, and 200 Å. Different chemical solutions were used in the etching process and the built-in electric field is found independent of the etching process. Although the surface Fermi level, in general, varies with the undoped layer thicknesses, there exists, for each Al concentration, a certain range of thicknesses within which the surface Fermi level is weakly pinned. From the dependence of electric field and surface Fermi level on the undoped layer thickness, we conclude that the surface states distribute over two separate regions within the energy band gap and the densities of surface states are as low as 1.36±0.05×1011 cm−2 eV−1 for the distribution near the conduction band and 4.38±0.05×1011 cm−2 eV−1 for the distribution near valence band. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 2467-2469 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This work uses photoreflectance to investigate the band gap, built-in electric field, and surface Fermi level of a series of lattice-matched In0.52Al0.48As surface intrinsic-n+ structures having different undoped layer thickness. Experimental results indicate that the surface Fermi level is weakly pinned. By converting the dependence of the built-in electric field on undoped layer thickness into the dependence of surface state density on the surface Fermi level, this study defines the energy spectrum of the surface state density of InAlAs surface using a Gaussian distribution function. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 522-524 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A Cu (400 Å)/Al (50 Å)/polyimide system showed larger adhesion strength than that of Cu (400 Å)/polyimide after N2+ ion beam mixing. X-ray emission spectroscopy was performed to elucidate the mechanism of adhesion enhancement of the ion beam mixed Cu (400 Å)/polyimide with a thin Al buffer layer. Cu L2,3 x-ray emission spectra showed the formation of a CuAl2O4 layer which is strongly correlated with the large adhesion strength of a Cu/Al/polyimide. A decrease in adhesion strength at an ion dose higher than 5×1015 cm−2 was also explained by the formation of an amorphous carbon. This was understood by investigating C Kα x-ray emission spectra. The overall spectroscopic results were in accordance with the behavior of quantitative adhesion strength. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-06-12
    Description: Dictyostelium discoideum is an amoebozoa that exists in both a free-living unicellular and a multicellular form. It is situated in a deep branch in the evolutionary tree and is particularly noteworthy in having a very A/T-rich genome. Dictyostelium provides an ideal system to examine the extreme to which nucleotide bias may be employed in organizing promoters, genes, and nucleosomes across a genome. We find that Dictyostelium genes are demarcated precisely at their 5' ends by poly-T tracts and precisely at their 3' ends by poly-A tracts. These tracts are also associated with nucleosome-free regions and are embedded with precisely positioned TATA boxes. Homo- and heteropolymeric tracts of A and T demarcate nucleosome border regions. Together, these findings reveal the presence of a variety of functionally distinct polymeric A/T elements. Strikingly, Dictyostelium chromatin may be organized in di-nucleosome units but is otherwise organized as in animals. This includes a +1 nucleosome in a position that predicts the presence of a paused RNA polymerase II. Indeed, we find a strong phylogenetic relationship between the presence of the NELF pausing factor and positioning of the +1 nucleosome. Pausing and +1 nucleosome positioning may have coevolved in animals.
    Electronic ISSN: 1549-5469
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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