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  • 1
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    Integrated ocean carbon research: a summary of ocean carbon research, and vision of coordinated ocean carbon research and observations for the next decade (2021)
    UNESCO, Paris
    In:  EPIC3IOC Technical series, UNESCO, Paris, 158(170), 48 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-21
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Miscellaneous , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
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    Induced Magnetic Fields and Plasma Motions in the Inner Part of the Martian Magnetosphere (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-24
    Description: Analysis of Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN)/Supra‐Thermal And Thermal Ion Composition observations in the Martian upper atmosphere, bounded at higher altitudes by the shocked solar wind, shows that the draping of interplanetary magnetic field penetrates down to low altitudes (∼200−250 km) and governs dynamics of the ionosphere. The upper ionospheric plasma is driven into motion flowing around Mars similar to the shocked solar wind in the adjacent magnetosheath. Such a fluid‐like motion is accompanied by ion acceleration caused by the bending of the magnetic field, leading to ion extraction and finally to ion pickup. Extraction of ions and their acceleration produces a recoil effect of the bulk ionosphere in the opposite direction. This provides a strong asymmetry in ion dynamics in two different hemispheres, accompanied by wrapping of the magnetic field lines around Mars and respective reconnection.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Although the Martian magnetosphere is hybrid and contains components of the induced and intrinsic magnetosphere, is possible to display these components by using the specific coordinate systems. Here we study the properties of the induced magnetosphere using the data obtained by MAVEN spacecraft. The interplanetary magnetic field penetrates deep into the Martian ionosphere draping around Mars and drive to the motion dense ionospheric plasma. Draping features and the induced plasma motions occur different in two hemispheres determined by the direction of the motional electric field in the solar wind. Ion acceleration and extraction is accompanied by a recoil effect that leads to a shift and asymmetry of the ionosphere.
    Description: Key Points: Draping of the interplanetary magnetic field around Mars penetrates deep to the ionosphere enveloping the planet and driving the ionosphere to the bulk motion. Draping and motion of the ionospheric plasma is characterized by asymmetry by the direction of the motional electric field in solar wind. Ion acceleration and extraction from the ionosphere is accompanied by a shift of the bulk ionosphere in the opposite direction.
    Description: National Aeronautics and Space Administration http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000104
    Description: DFG http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Russian Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006769
    Keywords: ddc:523 ; ddc:551.5
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-energy H"2^+ implantation effects on the characteristics of polysilicon solar cells
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 59-60 (1991), S. 1110-1112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-583X(91)95776-A
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
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    The Polar Wind Modulated by the Spatial Inhomogeneity of the Strength of the Earth's Magnetic Field (2020)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: When the geomagnetic field is weak, the small mirror force allows precipitating charged particles to deposit energy in the ionosphere. This leads to an increase in ionospheric outflow from the Earth's polar cap region, but such an effect has not been previously observed because the energies of the ions of the polar ionospheric outflow are too low, making it difficult to detect the low‐energy ions with a positively charged spacecraft. In this study, we found an anticorrelation between ionospheric outflow and the strength of the Earth's magnetic field. Our results suggest that the electron precipitation through the polar rain can be a main energy source of the polar wind during periods of high levels of solar activity. The decreased magnetic field due to spatial inhomogeneity of the Earth's magnetic field and its effect on outflow can be used to study the outflow in history when the magnetic field was at similar levels.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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    GFZ OAI
  • 5
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    Extreme Value Analysis for Hazardous Extreme Geomagnetic Storms based on the Mean Value of Dst Index during the Main Phase (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-24
    Description: Estimating the probability of the hazardous geomagnetic storms is important to modern human society, since the geomagnetic storms have potential to disrupt or damage the navigation and communication systems that the modern human society relies on. A new index IpsDst, defined as the mean value of the Dst index during the main phase of geomagnetic storms, is found to be more indicative of the hazard of the geomagnetic storms than the commonly used Dst index. Thus, we use the new index IpsDst, instead of the commonly used Dst minimum, to estimate the probability of the hazardous geomagnetic storms from 1957 to 2016 by employing the extreme value theory. Our results show that the shape parameter is negative, which indicates that the IpsDst has an upper bound, and then the occurrence possibility and the return level of the hazardous geomagnetic storms are calculated. The return level of the Quebec event is about 312 years, which indicates that the Quebec-like events are very rare. The return level of the events on 6 November 2001 and 30 October 2003 (Halloween event) is about 1 to 2 decades, which indicates that we should take precautions for this kind of events. The difference between our results and previous results based on Dst minimum are also discussed.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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    GFZ OAI
  • 6
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    Bimodal Influence of Vitamin D in Host Response to Systemic Candida Infection--Vitamin D Dose Matters (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-24
    Description: Vitamin D level is linked to susceptibility to infections, but its relevance in candidemia is unknown. We aimed to investigate the in vivo sequelae of vitamin D 3 supplementation in systemic Candida infection. Implicating the role of vitamin D in Candida infections, we showed that candidemic patients had significantly lower 25-OHD concentrations. Candida -infected mice treated with low-dose 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 had reduced fungal burden and better survival relative to untreated mice. Conversely, higher 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 doses led to poor outcomes. Mechanistically, low-dose 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 induced proinflammatory immune responses. This was mediated through suppression of SOCS3 and induction of vitamin D receptor binding with the vitamin D–response elements in the promoter of the gene encoding interferon . These beneficial effects were negated with higher vitamin D 3 doses. While the antiinflammatory effects of vitamin D 3 are well described, we found that, conversely, lower doses conferred proinflammatory benefits in Candida infection. Our study highlights caution against extreme deviations of vitamin D levels during infections.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1899
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-6613
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA).
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 7
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    Improvement of Crystal Solubility and Increasing Toxicity against Caenorhabditis elegans by Asparagine Substitution in Block 3 of Bacillus thuringiensis Crystal Protein Cry5Ba [Invertebrate Microbiology] (2012)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-28
    Description: The crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis are widely used for their specific toxicity against insects and nematodes. The highly conserved sequence blocks play an important role in Cry protein stability and flexibility, the basis of toxicity. The block 3 in Cry5Ba subfamily has a shorter sequence (only 12 residues) and more asparagine residues than that of others which harbor about 48 residues but only one asparagine. Based on the theoretical structure model of Cry5Ba, all three asparagines in block 3 are closely located in the interface of putative three domains, implying their probable importance in structure and function. In this study, all three asparagines in Cry5Ba2 block 3 were individually substituted with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis. The wild-type and mutant proteins were overexpressed and crystallized in acrystalliferous B. thuringiensis strain BMB171. However, the crystals formed in one of the mutants, designated N586A, abnormally disappeared and dissolved into the culture supernatant once the sporulation cells lysed, whereas the Cry5Ba crystal and the other mutant crystals were stable. The mutant N586A crystal, isolated from sporulation cells by the ultrasonic process, was found to be easily dissolved at wide range of pH value (5.0 to 10.0). Moreover, the toxicity assays showed that the mutant N586A exhibited nearly 9-fold-higher activity against nematodes and damaged the host's intestine more efficiently than the native Cry5Ba2. These data support the presumption that the amide residue Asn586 at the interface of domains might adversely affect the protein flexibility, solubility and resultant toxicity of Cry5Ba.
    Print ISSN: 0099-2240
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5336
    Topics: Biology
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 8
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    Bis[(E)-4-bromo-2-(methoxyiminomethyl)phenolato-κ2N,O1]copper(II) (2012)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-27
    Description: In the title centrosymmetric mononuclear copper(II) complex, [Cu(C8H7BrNO2)2], the CuII atom, lying on an inversion centre, is four-coordinated in a trans-CuN2O2 square-planar geometry by two phenolate O atoms and two oxime N atoms from two symmetry-related N,O-bidentate oxime-type ligands. Intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds link neighbouring molecules into a one-dimensional supramolecular structure with an R22(14) ring motif. This structure is further stabilized by π–π stacking interactions between adjacent benzene rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.862 (1) Å].
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5368
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Published by International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 9
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    TIPE2 Controls Innate Immunity to RNA by Targeting the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Rac Pathway [CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNE REGULATION] (2012)
    The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-07
    Description: RNA receptors such as TLR3 and retinoid acid-inducible gene I/melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 play essential roles in innate immunity to RNA viruses. However, how innate immunity to RNAs is controlled at the molecular level is not well understood. We describe in this study a new regulatory pathway of anti-RNA immunity that is composed of PI3K, its target GTPase Rac, and the newly described immune regulator TNF-α–induced protein 8 like-2 (TIPE2, or TNFAIP8L2). Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [Poly (I:C)], a dsRNA receptor ligand, activates Rac via its guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam; this leads to the activation of cytokine genes and, paradoxically, downregulation of the Tipe2 gene. TIPE2 is a negative regulator of immunity; its deficiency leads to hyperactivation of the PI3K–Rac pathway as exemplified by enhanced AKT, Rac, P21-activated kinase, and IFN regulatory factor 3 activities. As a consequence, TIPE2 knockout myeloid cells are hyperreactive to Poly (I:C) stimulation, and TIPE2 knockout mice are hypersensitive to Poly (I:C)-induced lethality. These results indicate that TIPE2 controls innate immunity to RNA by targeting the PI3K–Rac pathway. Therefore, manipulating TIPE2 or Rac functions can be effective for controlling RNA viral infections.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 10
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    Aggregation of TasA on a Surface and in Solution [Molecular Biophysics] (2013)
    The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-15
    Description: Biofilms are surface-associated groups of microbial cells that are embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is a network of biopolymers, mainly polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. ECM proteins serve a variety of structural roles and often form amyloid-like fibers. Despite the extensive study of the formation of amyloid fibers from their constituent subunits in humans, much less is known about the assembly of bacterial functional amyloid-like precursors into fibers. Using dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, circular dichroism, and infrared spectroscopy, we show that our unique purification method of a Bacillus subtilis major matrix protein component results in stable oligomers that retain their native α-helical structure. The stability of these oligomers enabled us to control the external conditions that triggered their aggregation. In particular, we show that stretched fibers are formed on a hydrophobic surface, whereas plaque-like aggregates are formed in solution under acidic pH conditions. TasA is also shown to change conformation upon aggregation and gain some β-sheet structure. Our studies of the aggregation of a bacterial matrix protein from its subunits shed new light on assembly processes of the ECM within bacterial biofilms.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9258
    Electronic ISSN: 1083-351X
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
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