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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Newark :John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,
    Keywords: Atmospheric physics. ; Dynamics -- Mathematics. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (293 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780470861752
    DDC: 551.5
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Applied Atmospheric Dynamics -- Contents -- Preface -- Part I Anatomy of a cyclone -- 1 Anatomy of a cyclone -- 1.1 A 'typical' extra-tropical cyclone -- 1.2 Describing the atmosphere -- 1.3 Air masses and fronts -- 1.4 The structure of a typical extra-tropical cyclone -- Review questions -- 2 Mathematical methods in fluid dynamics -- 2.1 Scalars and vectors -- 2.2 The algebra of vectors -- 2.3 Scalar and vector fields -- 2.4 Coordinate systems on the Earth -- 2.5 Gradients of vectors -- 2.6 Line and surface integrals -- 2.7 Eulerian and Lagrangian frames of reference -- 2.8 Advection -- Review questions -- 3 Properties of fluids -- 3.1 Solids, liquids, and gases -- 3.2 Thermodynamic properties of air -- 3.3 Composition of the atmosphere -- 3.4 Static stability -- 3.5 The continuum hypothesis -- 3.6 Practical assumptions -- 3.7 Continuity equation -- Review questions -- 4 Fundamental forces -- 4.1 Newton's second law: F=ma -- 4.2 Body, surface, and line forces -- 4.3 Forces in an inertial reference frame -- 4.4 Forces in a rotating reference frame -- 4.5 The Navier-Stokes equations -- Review questions -- 5 Scale analysis -- 5.1 Dimensional homogeneity -- 5.2 Scales -- 5.3 Non-dimensional parameters -- 5.4 Scale analysis -- 5.5 The geostrophic approximation -- Review questions -- 6 Simple steady motion -- 6.1 Natural coordinate system -- 6.2 Balanced flow -- 6.3 The Boussinesq approximation -- 6.4 The thermal wind -- 6.5 Departures from balance -- Review questions -- 7 Circulation and vorticity -- 7.1 Circulation -- 7.2 Vorticity -- 7.3 Conservation of potential vorticity -- 7.4 An introduction to the vorticity equation -- Review questions -- 8 Simple wave motions -- 8.1 Properties of waves -- 8.2 Perturbation analysis -- 8.3 Planetary waves -- Review questions -- 9 Extra-tropical weather systems -- 9.1 Fronts -- 9.2 Frontal cyclones. , 9.3 Baroclinic instability -- Review questions -- Part II Atmospheric phenomena -- 10 Boundary layers -- 10.1 Turbulence -- 10.2 Reynolds decomposition -- 10.3 Generation of turbulence -- 10.4 Closure assumptions -- Review questions -- 11 Clouds and severe weather -- 11.1 Moist processes in the atmosphere -- 11.2 Air mass thunderstorms -- 11.3 Multi-cell thunderstorms -- 11.4 Supercell thunderstorms and tornadoes -- 11.5 Mesoscale convective systems -- Review questions -- 12 Tropical weather -- 12.1 Scales of motion -- 12.2 Atmospheric oscillations -- 12.3 Tropical cyclones -- Review questions -- 13 Mountain weather -- 13.1 Internal gravity waves -- 13.2 Flow over mountains -- 13.3 Downslope windstorms -- Review questions -- 14 Polar weather -- 14.1 Katabatic winds -- 14.2 Barrier winds -- 14.3 Polar lows -- Review questions -- 15 Epilogue: the general circulation -- 15.1 Fueled by the Sun -- 15.2 Radiative-convective equilibrium -- 15.3 The zonal mean circulation -- 15.4 The angular momentum budget -- 15.5 The energy cycle -- Appendix A - symbols -- Appendix B - constants and units -- Bibliography -- Index.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: This dataset contains information about the state of the central Arctic lower atmosphere during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. Through the merging of MOSAiC radiosonde, 10-m meteorological tower, ceilometer, and radiation station observations, this dataset provides information about the atmospheric boundary layer (depth and stability), temperature features (near-surface temperature and temperature inversion characteristics), wind features (near-surface wind speed and low-level jet characteristics), moisture features (near-surface mixing ratio and cloud characteristics), and surface radiation budget (up- and downwelling longwave and shortwave radiative flux) at the time of each MOSAiC radiosonde launch (approximately 4 times per day between September 2019 and October 2020). The dataset is structured in a NetCDF4 file, which follows the CF-1.10 convention. The objective of this dataset is to provide the user community with a consistent description of general lower atmospheric conditions throughout the MOSAiC year.
    Keywords: ABL; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; Atmosphere; Automatic weather station; AWS; FLUX_TOWER; Flux tower; meteorological data; MOSAiC; MOSAiC20192020; Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate; North Greenland Sea; Polarstern; PS122/1; PS122/1_10-103; PS122/1_10-105; PS122/1_10-106; PS122/1_10-107; PS122/1_10-108; PS122/1_10-135; PS122/1_10-21; PS122/1_10-22; PS122/1_10-23; PS122/1_10-24; PS122/1_10-28; PS122/1_10-29; PS122/1_10-3; PS122/1_10-30; PS122/1_10-31; PS122/1_10-4; PS122/1_10-53; PS122/1_10-54; PS122/1_10-56; PS122/1_10-57; PS122/1_10-73; PS122/1_10-74; PS122/1_10-75; PS122/1_10-76; PS122/1_10-94; PS122/1_10-95; PS122/1_10-99; PS122/1_11-10; PS122/1_11-29; PS122/1_11-30; PS122/1_11-31; PS122/1_11-32; PS122/1_11-33; PS122/1_11-43; PS122/1_11-44; PS122/1_11-45; PS122/1_11-46; PS122/1_11-5; PS122/1_11-6; PS122/1_11-7; PS122/1_11-8; PS122/1_11-9; PS122/1_1-299; PS122/1_1-341; PS122/1_1-345; PS122/1_2-100; PS122/1_2-101; PS122/1_2-103; PS122/1_2-104; PS122/1_2-105; PS122/1_2-106; PS122/1_2-107; PS122/1_2-110; PS122/1_2-111; PS122/1_2-112; PS122/1_2-113; PS122/1_2-115; PS122/1_2-116; PS122/1_2-117; PS122/1_2-118; PS122/1_2-119; PS122/1_2-120; PS122/1_2-121; PS122/1_2-122; PS122/1_2-123; PS122/1_2-127; PS122/1_2-135; PS122/1_2-136; PS122/1_2-137; PS122/1_2-139; PS122/1_2-140; PS122/1_2-141; PS122/1_2-143; PS122/1_2-144; PS122/1_2-145; PS122/1_2-146; PS122/1_2-147; PS122/1_2-148; PS122/1_2-149; PS122/1_2-150; PS122/1_2-160; PS122/1_2-161; PS122/1_2-162; PS122/1_2-163; PS122/1_2-171; PS122/1_2-172; PS122/1_2-173; PS122/1_2-174; PS122/1_2-179; PS122/1_2-180; PS122/1_2-181; PS122/1_2-182; PS122/1_2-184; PS122/1_2-185; PS122/1_2-186; PS122/1_2-187; PS122/1_2-188; PS122/1_2-189; PS122/1_2-190; PS122/1_2-191; PS122/1_2-192; PS122/1_2-193; PS122/1_2-51; PS122/1_2-52; PS122/1_2-53; PS122/1_2-54; PS122/1_2-55; PS122/1_2-56; PS122/1_2-59; PS122/1_2-60; PS122/1_2-61; PS122/1_2-62; PS122/1_2-69; PS122/1_2-70; PS122/1_2-71; PS122/1_2-72; PS122/1_2-73; PS122/1_2-74; PS122/1_2-75; PS122/1_2-76; PS122/1_2-77; PS122/1_2-78; PS122/1_2-79; PS122/1_2-80; PS122/1_2-81; PS122/1_2-82; PS122/1_2-83; PS122/1_2-85; PS122/1_2-86; PS122/1_2-87; PS122/1_2-88; PS122/1_2-91; PS122/1_2-92; PS122/1_2-93; PS122/1_2-94; PS122/1_4-19; PS122/1_4-20; PS122/1_4-21; PS122/1_4-22; PS122/1_4-30; PS122/1_4-31; PS122/1_4-32; PS122/1_4-33; PS122/1_4-35; PS122/1_4-36; PS122/1_4-4; PS122/1_4-5; PS122/1_4-6; PS122/1_4-7; PS122/1_4-8; PS122/1_4-9; PS122/1_5-10; PS122/1_5-11; PS122/1_5-12; PS122/1_5-13; PS122/1_5-20; PS122/1_5-21; PS122/1_5-22; PS122/1_5-23; PS122/1_5-31; PS122/1_5-32; PS122/1_5-33; PS122/1_5-34; PS122/1_5-36; PS122/1_5-38; PS122/1_5-39; PS122/1_5-49; PS122/1_5-50; PS122/1_5-51; PS122/1_5-52; PS122/1_5-6; PS122/1_5-7; PS122/1_5-72; PS122/1_5-73; PS122/1_5-74; PS122/1_5-75; PS122/1_5-79; PS122/1_5-80; PS122/1_6-112; PS122/1_6-113; PS122/1_6-114; PS122/1_6-115; PS122/1_6-12; PS122/1_6-125; PS122/1_6-126; PS122/1_6-13; PS122/1_6-14; PS122/1_6-15; PS122/1_6-24; PS122/1_6-25; PS122/1_6-26; PS122/1_6-27; PS122/1_6-3; PS122/1_6-4; PS122/1_6-53; PS122/1_6-54; PS122/1_6-55; PS122/1_6-56; PS122/1_6-71; PS122/1_6-72; PS122/1_6-73; PS122/1_6-74; PS122/1_6-82; PS122/1_6-83; PS122/1_6-84; PS122/1_6-85; PS122/1_7-100; PS122/1_7-101; PS122/1_7-102; PS122/1_7-107; PS122/1_7-108; PS122/1_7-109; PS122/1_7-110; PS122/1_7-113; PS122/1_7-114; PS122/1_7-13; PS122/1_7-14; PS122/1_7-26; PS122/1_7-27; PS122/1_7-28; PS122/1_7-29; PS122/1_7-30; PS122/1_7-43; PS122/1_7-44; PS122/1_7-45; PS122/1_7-46; PS122/1_7-63; PS122/1_7-64; PS122/1_7-65; PS122/1_7-66; PS122/1_7-83; PS122/1_7-84; PS122/1_7-85; PS122/1_7-86; PS122/1_7-99; PS122/1_8-101; PS122/1_8-11; PS122/1_8-115; PS122/1_8-116; PS122/1_8-117; PS122/1_8-118; PS122/1_8-12; PS122/1_8-120; PS122/1_8-121; PS122/1_8-13; PS122/1_8-14; PS122/1_8-39; PS122/1_8-40; PS122/1_8-41; PS122/1_8-42; PS122/1_8-5; PS122/1_8-6; PS122/1_8-63; PS122/1_8-64; PS122/1_8-65; PS122/1_8-66; PS122/1_8-80; PS122/1_8-81; PS122/1_8-82; PS122/1_8-83; PS122/1_8-95; PS122/1_8-96; PS122/1_8-97; PS122/1_9-101; PS122/1_9-102; PS122/1_9-105; PS122/1_9-106; PS122/1_9-13; PS122/1_9-14; PS122/1_9-18; PS122/1_9-19; PS122/1_9-20; PS122/1_9-21; PS122/1_9-41; PS122/1_9-42; PS122/1_9-43; PS122/1_9-44; PS122/1_9-57; PS122/1_9-58; PS122/1_9-59; PS122/1_9-60; PS122/1_9-77; PS122/1_9-78; PS122/1_9-79; PS122/1_9-80; PS122/1_9-88; PS122/1_9-89; PS122/1_9-90; PS122/1_9-91; PS122/1_99-46; PS122/1_99-47; PS122/1_9-99; PS122/2; PS122/2_14-119; PS122/2_14-13; PS122/2_14-14; PS122/2_15-1; PS122/2_15-13; PS122/2_15-2; PS122/2_15-3; PS122/2_15-4; PS122/2_15-5; PS122/2_15-7; PS122/2_16-10; PS122/2_16-11; PS122/2_16-13; PS122/2_16-16; PS122/2_16-17; PS122/2_16-18; PS122/2_16-19; PS122/2_16-2; PS122/2_16-20; PS122/2_16-3; PS122/2_16-30; PS122/2_16-31; PS122/2_16-32; PS122/2_16-33; PS122/2_16-4; PS122/2_16-40; PS122/2_16-41; PS122/2_16-42; PS122/2_16-43; PS122/2_16-5; PS122/2_16-57; PS122/2_16-58; PS122/2_16-59; PS122/2_16-6; PS122/2_16-60; PS122/2_16-67; PS122/2_16-68; PS122/2_16-69; PS122/2_16-7; PS122/2_16-70; PS122/2_16-76; PS122/2_17-10; PS122/2_17-102; PS122/2_17-103; PS122/2_17-104; PS122/2_17-105; PS122/2_17-11; PS122/2_17-110; PS122/2_17-12; PS122/2_17-21; PS122/2_17-22; PS122/2_17-23; PS122/2_17-24; PS122/2_17-35; PS122/2_17-36; PS122/2_17-37; PS122/2_17-38; PS122/2_17-55; PS122/2_17-56; PS122/2_17-57; PS122/2_17-58; PS122/2_17-71; PS122/2_17-72; PS122/2_17-73; PS122/2_17-74; PS122/2_17-92; PS122/2_17-93; PS122/2_17-94; PS122/2_17-95; PS122/2_18-100; PS122/2_18-11; PS122/2_18-12; PS122/2_18-13; PS122/2_18-20; PS122/2_18-21; PS122/2_18-22; PS122/2_18-27; PS122/2_18-29; PS122/2_18-30; PS122/2_18-31; PS122/2_18-48; PS122/2_18-49; PS122/2_18-50; PS122/2_18-51; PS122/2_18-67; PS122/2_18-68; PS122/2_18-69; PS122/2_18-70; PS122/2_18-85; PS122/2_18-86; PS122/2_18-87; PS122/2_18-88; PS122/2_18-94; PS122/2_18-95; PS122/2_18-96; PS122/2_18-97; PS122/2_19-10; PS122/2_19-100; PS122/2_19-11; PS122/2_19-12; PS122/2_19-124; PS122/2_19-125; PS122/2_19-126; PS122/2_19-127; PS122/2_19-143; PS122/2_19-22; PS122/2_19-23; PS122/2_19-24; PS122/2_19-25; PS122/2_19-47; PS122/2_19-48; PS122/2_19-49; PS122/2_19-50; PS122/2_19-71; PS122/2_19-72; PS122/2_19-73; PS122/2_19-74; PS122/2_19-84; PS122/2_19-85; PS122/2_19-86; PS122/2_19-87; PS122/2_19-97; PS122/2_19-98; PS122/2_19-99; PS122/2_20-10; PS122/2_20-103; PS122/2_20-104; PS122/2_20-105; PS122/2_20-106; PS122/2_20-119; PS122/2_20-120; PS122/2_20-121; PS122/2_20-122; PS122/2_20-135; PS122/2_20-19; PS122/2_20-20; PS122/2_20-21; PS122/2_20-22; PS122/2_20-37; PS122/2_20-38; PS122/2_20-39; PS122/2_20-40; PS122/2_20-66; PS122/2_20-67; PS122/2_20-68; PS122/2_20-69; PS122/2_20-8; PS122/2_20-84; PS122/2_20-85; PS122/2_20-86; PS122/2_20-87; PS122/2_20-9; PS122/2_21-106; PS122/2_21-107; PS122/2_21-108; PS122/2_21-109; PS122/2_21-115; PS122/2_21-116; PS122/2_21-117; PS122/2_21-118; PS122/2_21-132; PS122/2_21-133; PS122/2_21-134; PS122/2_21-135; PS122/2_21-136; PS122/2_21-21; PS122/2_21-22; PS122/2_21-23; PS122/2_21-37; PS122/2_21-38; PS122/2_21-39; PS122/2_21-40; PS122/2_21-57; PS122/2_21-58; PS122/2_21-59; PS122/2_21-60; PS122/2_21-79; PS122/2_21-80; PS122/2_21-81; PS122/2_21-82; PS122/2_22-10; PS122/2_22-102; PS122/2_22-103; PS122/2_22-104; PS122/2_22-105; PS122/2_22-11; PS122/2_22-111; PS122/2_22-20; PS122/2_22-21; PS122/2_22-22; PS122/2_22-23; PS122/2_22-38; PS122/2_22-39; PS122/2_22-40; PS122/2_22-41; PS122/2_22-57; PS122/2_22-58; PS122/2_22-59; PS122/2_22-60; PS122/2_22-78; PS122/2_22-79; PS122/2_22-80; PS122/2_22-81; PS122/2_22-87; PS122/2_22-88; PS122/2_22-89; PS122/2_22-9; PS122/2_23-101; PS122/2_23-102; PS122/2_23-103; PS122/2_23-104; PS122/2_23-117; PS122/2_23-118; PS122/2_23-119; PS122/2_23-120; PS122/2_23-129; PS122/2_23-22; PS122/2_23-23; PS122/2_23-24; PS122/2_23-25; PS122/2_23-41; PS122/2_23-42; PS122/2_23-43; PS122/2_23-44; PS122/2_23-54; PS122/2_23-55; PS122/2_23-56; PS122/2_23-57; PS122/2_23-6; PS122/2_23-7; PS122/2_23-8; PS122/2_23-80; PS122/2_23-81; PS122/
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/x-hdf, 440 kBytes
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-05-25
    Description: There is growing recognition that reductions in Arctic sea ice extent will influence patterns of atmospheric circulation both within and beyond the Arctic. We explore the impact of 2007 ice conditions (the second lowest Arctic sea ice extent in the satellite era) on atmospheric circulation and surface temperatures and fluxes through a series of model experiments with the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model version 3 (CAM3). Two 30-year simulations were performed; one using climatological sea ice extent for the end of the 20th century and other using observed sea ice extent from 2007. Circulation differences over the Northern Hemisphere were most prominent during autumn and winter with lower sea level pressure (SLP) and tropospheric pressure simulated over much of the Arctic for the 2007 sea ice experiment. The atmospheric response to 2007 ice conditions was much weaker during summer, with negative SLP anomalies simulated from Alaska across the Arctic to Greenland. Higher temperatures and larger surface fluxes to the atmosphere in areas of anomalous open water were also simulated. CAM3 experiment results were compared to observed SLP anomalies from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) Reanalysis data. The observed SLP anomalies during spring are nearly opposite to those simulated. In summer, large differences were shown between the observed and simulated SLP also, suggesting that the sea ice conditions in the months preceding and during the summer of 2007 were not responsible for creating an atmospheric circulation pattern which favoured the large observed sea ice loss. The simulated and observed atmospheric circulation anomalies during autumn and winter were more similar than spring and summer, with the exception of a strong high pressure system in the Beaufort Sea which was not simulated, suggesting that the forced atmospheric response to reduced sea ice was in part responsible for the observed atmospheric circulation anomalies during autumn and winter.
    Print ISSN: 0899-8418
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The presence of clouds in the Arctic regulates the surface energy budget (SEB) over the sea-ice surface and the ice-free ocean. Following several previous field campaigns, the cloud-radiation relationship, including cloud vertical structure and phase, has been elucidated; however, modeling of this relationship has matured slowly. In recognition of the recent decline in the Arctic sea-ice extent, representation of the cloud system in numerical models should consider the effects of areas covered by sea ice and ice-free areas. Using an in situ stationary meteorological observation data set obtained over the ice-free Arctic Ocean by the Japanese Research Vessel Mirai (September 2014), coordinated evaluation of six regional climate models (RCMs) with nine model runs was performed by focusing on clouds and the SEB. The most remarkable findings were as follows: (1) reduced occurrence of unstable stratification with low-level cloud water in all models in comparison to the observations, (2) significant differences in cloud water representations between single- and double-moment cloud schemes, (3) extensive differences in partitioning of hydrometeors including solid/liquid precipitation, and (4) pronounced lower-tropospheric air temperature biases. These issues are considered as the main sources of SEB uncertainty over ice-free areas of the Arctic Ocean. The results from a coupled RCM imply that the SEB is constrained by both the atmosphere and the ocean (and sea ice) with considerable feedback. Coordinated improvement of both stand-alone atmospheric and coupled RCMs would promote a more comprehensive and improved understanding of the Arctic air-ice-sea coupled system.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-06-08
    Description: Data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research and European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 40 year reanalyses are used to relate large-scale synoptic circulation patterns to local weather at several locations across Alaska. These results are compared to available National Weather Service observations to demonstrate the utility of this method such that it can be applied in future work at locations where local observations are not available. The focus of these comparisons is on surface observations of temperature. The results from the two reanalysis data sets match well to each other and to the observations. Synoptic patterns associated with warm/cold days at five National Weather Service stations representing different climate regions throughout Alaska are identified. In addition, a method to attribute a change in climate to circulation and noncirculation differences is applied to a known climate shift, the Pacific climate shift of 1976, which was associated with an increase in temperatures throughout Alaska. The results from this analysis show that general warming rather than changes in circulation is primarily responsible for the increase in temperatures after 1976.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-08-12
    Description: Data from four reanalyses are analyzed to evaluate the downstream atmospheric response both spatially and temporally to anomalous autumn surface forcing in the Arctic Basin. Running weekly mean skin temperature anomalies were classified using the self-organizing map algorithm. The resulting classes were used to both composite the initial atmospheric state and determine how the atmosphere evolves from this state. The strongest response was to anomalous forcing - positive skin temperature and total surface energy flux anomalies and reduced sea ice concentration - in the Barents and Kara Seas. Analysis of the evolution of the atmospheric state for 12 weeks after the initial forcing showed a persistence in the anomalies in this area which led to a build up of heat in the atmosphere. This resulted in positive 1000-500hPa thickness and high pressure circulation anomalies in this area which were associated with cold air advection and temperatures over much of central and northern Asia. Evaluation of days with the opposite forcing (i.e. negative skin temperature anomalies and increased sea ice concentration in the Barents and Kara Seas) showed a mirrored, opposite downstream atmospheric response. Other patterns with positive skin temperature anomalies in the Arctic Basin did not show the same response most likely because the anomalies were not as strong nor did they persist for as many weeks following the initial forcing.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-12-13
    Description: ABSTRACT The atmospheric state and synoptic situation associated with widespread summer June, July, and August temperature extremes in southern Alaska is explored. Using ERA-Interim data and a self-organizing map framework, the evolution of the atmospheric state leading up to days that are defined as experiencing extreme surface temperature are compared with the evolution for non-extreme days. The variables evaluated include circulation at the surface and aloft and surface radiative fluxes. For warm extremes, blocking evident in the 500 hPa flow combined with anomalously large surface downward shortwave radiation allowed surface temperatures to become extreme. For cold extremes, an upper level trough and cold air advection aloft coupled with a more minor role of anomalously negative surface downward shortwave radiation were important. The self-organizing map framework allowed an investigation of these details beyond a composite analysis of all extremes.
    Print ISSN: 0899-8418
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-04-01
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
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    In:  EPIC3Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 9, pp. 1, ISSN: 2325-1026
    Publication Date: 2021-09-29
    Description: This article sets the near-surface meteorological conditions during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate expedition in the context of the interannual variability and extremes within the past 4 decades. Hourly ERA5 reanalysis data for the Polarstern trajectory for 1979-2020 are analyzed. The conditions were relatively normal given that they were mostly within the interquartile range of the preceding 4 decades. Nevertheless, some anomalous and even record-breaking conditions did occur, particularly during synoptic events. Extreme cases of warm, moist air transported from the northern North Atlantic or northwestern Siberia into the Arctic were identified from late fall until early spring. Daily temperature and total column water vapor were classified as being among the top-ranking warmest/wettest days or even record-breaking based on the full record. Associated with this, the longwave radiative fluxes at the surface were extremely anomalous for these winter cases. The winter and spring period was characterized by more frequent storm events and median cyclone intensity ranking in the top 25th percentile of the full record. During summer, near melting point conditions were more than a month longer than usual, and the July and August 2020 mean conditions were the all-time warmest and wettest. These record conditions near the Polarstern were embedded in large positive temperature and moisture anomalies over the whole central Arctic. In contrast, unusually cold conditions occurred during the beginning of November 2019 and in early March 2020, related to the Arctic Oscillation. In March, this was linked with anomalously strong and persistent northerly winds associated with frequent cyclone occurrence to the southeast of the Polarstern.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-11-02
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Over a five-month time window between March and July 2020, scientists deployed two small uncrewed aircraft systems (sUAS) to the central Arctic Ocean as part of legs three and four of the MOSAiC expedition. These sUAS were flown to measure the thermodynamic and kinematic state of the lower atmosphere, including collecting information on temperature, pressure, humidity and winds between the surface and 1 km, as well as to document ice properties, including albedo, melt pond fraction, and open water amounts. The atmospheric state flights were primarily conducted by the DataHawk2 sUAS, which was operated primarily in a profiling manner, while the surface property flights were conducted using the HELiX sUAS, which flew grid patterns, profiles, and hover flights. In total, over 120 flights were conducted and over 48 flight hours of data were collected, sampling conditions that included temperatures as low as −35 °C and as warm as 15 °C, spanning the summer melt season.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: application/pdf
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