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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perinatal risk factors for recurrent wheeze in early life (1999)
    Copenhagen, Denmark : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 10 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The possible value of tidal flow volume (TFV) loops measured at birth in relation to the risk of developing recurrent or persistent bronchial obstruction within two years of life was assessed. TFV loops were measured at a mean age of 2.7 days in 802 neonates enrolled in the ‘Environment and Childhood Asthma’ (ECA) study in Oslo. Of these, 77 children developed recurrent or persistent bronchial obstruction (cases) and were included in a nested case–control study within the ECA study; 88 controls (the child born closest in time to the case), with no history of bronchial obstruction in the first two years of life, were also included. Information on socio-economic factors, parental atopic diseases and parental smoking habits during the pregnancy was collected from a questionnaire completed by the parents in the maternity ward, and cord blood IgE (CB-IgE) was determined as part of routine sampling in the delivery ward. Mean tPTEF/tE (time to reach peak flow to total expiratory time) was slightly lower in cases (0.31; 95% CI 0.28–0.34) than in controls (0.33; 0.31–0.35) (difference not significant), whereas geometric mean CB-IgE was significantly higher among cases (0.39; 0.30–0.52) than controls (0.27; 0.23–0.33). No significant differences between cases and controls were found for respiratory rate, peak tidal expiratory flow or expiratory volume. However, the odds ratio for developing recurrent or persistent bronchial obstruction was 3.5 (1.1–11.6) if tPTEF/tE was 〈 0.20 and 4.1 (1.1–14.5) with maternal daily smoking during the pregnancy, after adjusting for age, weight, sex, CB-IgE, parental atopy, maternal education and family income. The TFV parameter tPTEF/tE 〈 0.20 measured within the first week of life as well as maternal daily smoking during pregnancy are significant, independent risk factors for developing recurrent or persistent bronchial obstruction within the first two years of life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3038.1999.00028.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exercise induced asthma in children and adolescents and the relationship to sports (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 9 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1998.tb00369.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary prevention of allergic diseases in infants and small children (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 15 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The role of primary prevention of allergic diseases has been a matter of debate for the last 40 years. In order to shed some light on this issue, a group of experts of the Section of Pediatrics EAACI reviewed critically the existing literature on the subject. An analysis of published peer-reviewed observational and interventional studies was performed following the statements of evidence as defined by WHO. The results of the analysis indicate that breastfeeding is highly recommended for all infants irrespective of atopic heredity. A dietary regimen is unequivocally effective in the prevention of allergic diseases in high-risk children. In these patients breastfeeding combined with avoidance of solid food and cow's milk for at least 4–6 months is the most effective preventive regimen. In the absence of breast milk, formulas with documented reduced allergenicity for at least 4–6 months should be used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2004.00127.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is bronchodilator response in 2-yr-old children associated with asthma risk factors? (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 15 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Factors that might influence lung function bronchodilator response by 2 yr of age is largely unknown, thus we aimed to assess this in the ‘Environment and Childhood asthma’ (ECA) study in Oslo. A clinical investigation at mean age 26 months was attended by 516 (84%) children included in a nested case–control study [children with recurrent bronchial obstruction (rBO)] (n = 265) and controls without a history of lower respiratory disease (n = 251). Tidal lung function measures before and after inhaled nebulized salbutamol (bronchodilator response) (when clinically without BO) were obtained in 46%. Clinical characteristics and personal and family history of allergic/respiratory diseases (asthma risk factors) were ascertained by structured interview and clinical examination. Allergic sensitization was assessed by skin prick test/specific IgE antibody analyses to common allergens. Mean (95% CI) per cent change in time to reach peak flow/total expiratory time (tPTEF/tE) from before to after salbutamol was significantly larger in children with rBO [17.3 (9.4–25.3) than controls (−2.2 (−7.7 to 3.0)]. The bronchodilator response increased significantly (p = 0.001) with increasing number of asthma risk factors, but was not significantly associated with allergic sensitization, parental ‘atopy’, or maternal smoking alone. Children treated with inhaled corticosteroids had greater bronchodilator response than those treated with bronchodilators alone. Bronchodilator response in asymptomatic 2-yr-old children was most closely associated with the presence of rBO, but increasing number of asthma risk factors and treatment with inhaled corticosteroids were associated with increased bronchodilator response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2004.00147.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary prevention of allergic diseases in infants and small children. (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 15 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The role of primary prevention of allergic diseases has been a matter of debate for the last 40 years. In order to shed some light into this issue a group of experts of the Section of Pediatrics EAACI critically reviewed the existing literature on the subject. The design of observational and interventional studies was evaluated with relevance to the important factors influencing outcome of studies on allergy development/prevention. In this analysis the statements of evidence as defined by WHO were applied. Best evidence of recommendations are those fulfilling the criteria for statements category 1 and 2 and grade of recommendations A and B as proposed by WHO. This survey include target group for dietary prevention and methods and diagnostic criteria of atopic dermatitis, asthma and food allergy for prevention studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2004.00128.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-dose budesonide improves exercise-induced bronchospasm in schoolchildren (2000)
    Copenhagen, Denmark : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 11 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of low-dose inhaled budesonide (once or twice daily) and placebo, administered via Turbuhaler®, on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in children with mild asthma. Fifty-seven steroid-naive children (7–16 years old; 41 boys, 16 girls) with EIB participated in this sub-population study according to the following inclusion criterion: a maximum fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) ≥ 10% after a standardized treadmill test. Mean baseline FEV1 was 100.3% of predicted, and mean maximum fall in FEV1 after the standardized exercise test was 22%. The study was a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group design. After 2 weeks of run-in, the children received inhaled budesonide 100 µg or 200 µg once daily in the morning, 100 µg twice daily, or placebo, for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of treatment, the fall in FEV1 after the exercise test was significantly less in all three budesonide groups (7.2–7.8%) vs. placebo (16.7%). Daytime symptom scores were significantly lower in all three budesonide groups compared with placebo (p 〈 0.02). The three budesonide groups did not differ significantly, and no significant change in lung function was found in any group. Therefore children with mild asthma, but with significant EIB, improved their exercise tolerance and symptom control after 3 months of treatment with a low dose of inhaled budesonide given once or twice daily.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3038.2000.00067.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asthma and allergy among schoolchildren in a mountainous, dry, non-polluted area in Norway (2000)
    Copenhagen, Denmark : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 11 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of asthma and allergy in the non-polluted mountain area of Upper Hallingdal, Norway. All schoolchildren (7–16 years) who in a previous questionnaire survey (n = 1177) reported ‘sometime’ asthma were enrolled in group I (n = 80), the 59 who reported asthma-like symptoms in the past 12 months formed group II, and 77 of the healthy controls were randomly selected as group III. All 216 children underwent clinical examination, skin prick test, spirometry, bronchial provocation (PD20 metacholine) and treadmill exercise test. Subsequently they were reclassified as (1) healthy, never had asthma or symptoms, (2) symptoms not confirmed as asthma, (3) previous asthma, now healthy, (4) current asthma. Lifetime asthma prevalence was 10.2%. Based upon clinical examination, the specificity and sensitivity of the questionnaire for asthma diagnosis were 0.88 and 0.74, respectively. Forced vital capacity was significantly higher among the asthmatics (group 4 versus 1), whereas forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity were similar in all groups. More than 10% reduction in FEV1 following treadmill-run was found in 20% of children. Children with current asthma compared to controls had significantly; lower mean values of PD20 (9.1 versus 16.5 µmol), higher eosinophil cationic protein (13.4 versus 7.7 µmol) and more frequent sensitization to animal dander (56% versus 10%). In conclusion, despite a favorable climate, little mite sensitization and low outdoor pollution, asthma prevalence was surprisingly high in Upper Hallingdal. Sensitization to animal dander was the most important contributing factor for current asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3038.2000.00044.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inflammation markers and symptom activity in children with bronchial asthma. Influence of atopy and eczema (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 8 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) has been reported to reflect the eosinophil inflammatory activity in asthma. However, the relative impact of asthma symptoms and atopic eczema upon serum (s)-ECP in asthmatic children has not been established.Objectives. To examine s-ECP levels and s-myeloperoxidase (MPO) in relation to asthma symptoms and atopic eczema in asthmatic children.Methods. S-ECP and s-MPO were assessed in relation to symptom activity, lung function, exercise induced bronchoconstriction and bronchial responsiveness in 101 children; median age 9 years, range 1-16 years; with moderate to severe asthma, admitted to Voksentoppen Center.Result. S-ECP was significantly higher in children with persistent compared to episodic or no asthma symptoms in the past four weeks, S-ECP was also higher in children with atopic compared to non-atopic asthma, as well as in those with active compared to past history of no history of atopic eczema. SMPO was higher in children with persistent asthma symptoms, but did not differ in relation to atopy of eczema state. Persistent asthma symptoms had the greatest impact upon s-ECP levels, followed by atopy and active eczema.Conclusion. S-ECP may be used in assessing symptom activity in asthmatic children, but with the realisation that active eczema and the presence of atopy may also influence levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1997.tb00163.x
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