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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A multi-factorial experiment on heart rate variations in the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biology 135 (1999), S. 341-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A multi-factorial experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the following factors on the cardiac activity of the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus: respiratory medium (air, water), temperature (four levels, 10, 17.5, 25, 32.5 °C), season (winter, summer) and body size (two levels, carapace ≤21 mm and carapace 〉21 mm). The results showed that the heart rate of P. marmoratus increased linearly with temperature and decreased when the specimens were exposed to air rather than water. Moreover, the heart rate values in summer were lower than those in winter at the corresponding temperature and body size. The summer heart rate–temperature regression line was laterally (to the right) shifted with respect to the winter line, suggesting a seasonal acclimation. Body size affected heart rate only at the acclimation temperature (17.5 °C), while no significant effect was detected at lower or higher temperatures. During the reproductive season a separate experiment was carried out to assess the effect of sex and reproductive status on heart rate. No significant difference was found among mean values of males, berried females and females without eggs. The results of the present study confirm the high physiological plasticity of this species, suggesting that P. marmoratus is a truly amphibious crab, able to deal with both water- and air-breathing during its activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050632
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of microclimatic factors and tide on vertical migrations of the mangrove crab Sesarma leptosoma (Decapoda: Grapsidae) (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 130 (1997), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The tree crab Sesarma leptosoma Hilgendorf migrates up the mangrove trunks twice a day, both in the morning and in the evening, leaving its refuge near the tree base to feed on fresh leaves. In spite of the 150 cm of tide excursion at the base of the trees, the timing of the migrations seems largely controlled by nontidal factors. The timing of the morning upward migration is controlled by the light level alone. The morning downward migration takes place as soon as the temperature rises and relative humidity falls, with no relationship to tidal cycle or light level. Only the evening upward flow seems primarily controlled by the tide, while the evening downward flow, which ends at twilight, seems to be related to the timing of the evening upward migration, to the tide and again to light levels. During the day, crabs abandon the canopy to avoid low relative humidity, usually coupled with the higher wind speeds, which would quickly dehydrate them. At night, crabs stop migrating, probably because their movements and orientation capability along the trunk and in the canopy are largely vision dependent. Nontidal factors have never previously been shown to influence the migratory behaviour of an intertidal crustacean species so extensively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050229
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Competition and interaction between Neosarmatium smithi (Crustacea: Grapsidae) and Terebralia palustris (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in a Kenyan mangrove (2000)
    Springer
    Marine biology 137 (2000), S. 309-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  In a Kenyan mangrove, we studied the interactions between the gastropod Terebralia palustris and the crab Neosarmatium smithi when foraging on decaying mangrove leaves. Interactions are considerable on account of their wide overlap in zonation (Rhizophora mucronata belt), food items (mangrove leaves) and activity window (diurnal low water). The snails find a leaf by a systematic transecting of the platform and eat the leaf after crawling on to it, usually en masse. The crabs rarely venture beyond 80 cm from their burrows, and once they find a leaf they quickly drag it back into their burrow, probably to reduce the strong intra-specific competition. A crab is able to drag a leaf away even if a number of snails are already feeding on it, by strongly pulling the leaf away or by pushing the snails off the leaf. The success of the “thief ” depends on both the crab's size and the number of snails on the leaf.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270000344
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of time, space and food resources in the mangrove climbing crab Selatium elongatum (Grapsidae: Sesarminae) (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biology 135 (1999), S. 335-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The activity patterns and use of space of the mangrove dweller Selatium elongatum were studied in the field, in combination with gut content analyses for evaluation of the crab's natural diet. This sesarmine crab proves to be one of the most adapted to climbing and living on mangroves. Moreover, S. elongatum showed a strong preference for being active at high tide, both during the day and night, always along the trunks a few centimetres above the water level, feeding on floating algae and mangrove leaves. Larger males were always recorded within activity areas into which they allow females and smaller males but exclude males of the same size, which probably compete for females. These results confirm that, in spite of the homogeneous herbivorous diet, little niche overlap exists among the several sesarmine crabs inhabiting the East African mangroves, all being leaf consumers segregated on the basis of their horizontal and vertical zonation, and/or of their activity rhythm.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050631
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Activity pattern and spatial strategy in Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Decapoda: Grapsidae) from Mediterranean and Atlantic shores (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biology 133 (1999), S. 429-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The spatial strategies and activity patterns of two populations of Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius), from Italy and Portugal, were studied in the field. The Mediterranean site was a non-tidal splash zone about 30 cm wide, while the Atlantic site was a 30 m wide intertidal belt. Almost all P. marmoratus of both populations were active on the emerged rocks, rarely entering the sea. The Mediterranean crabs actively fed on the algal turf throughout the 24 h, while in Portugal active crabs were more numerous at night. In the Italian population, all crabs were packed together, although large males had larger activity areas than females and smaller males. In Portugal, the large males were more concentrated in the sublittoral fringe, while both small males and females were confined to the eulittoral and littoral fringe. The Italian P. marmoratus performed feeding loops within areas smaller than 9 m2. Although most Portuguese crabs showed the same spatial strategy, some of them performed feeding migrations to the sublittoral fringe, covering distances of up to 20 m. Environmental factors (e.g. temperature), physical factors (e.g. refuge availability) and biotic factors (e.g. competitors and predators) of the different shores probably determine the behavioural plasticity of␣P.␣marmoratus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050481
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  • 6
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    Unbekannt
    Improved heat tolerance in air drives the recurrent evolution of air-breathing (2014)
    In:  EPIC3Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281(1782), pp. 20132927-20132927, ISSN: 0962-8452
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-01-26
    Beschreibung: The transition to air-breathing by formerly aquatic species has occurred repeatedly and independently in fish, crabs and other animal phyla, but the proximate drivers of this key innovation remain a long-standing puzzle in evolutionary biology. Most studies attribute the onset of air-breathing to the repeated occurrence of aquatic hypoxia; however, this hypothesis leaves the current geographical distribution of the 300 genera of air-breathing crabs unexplained. Here, we show that their occurrence is mainly related to high environmental temperatures in the tropics. We also demonstrate in an amphibious crab that the reduced cost of oxygen supply in air extends aerobic performance to higher temperatures and thus widens the animal's thermal niche. These findings suggest that high water temperature as a driver consistently explains the numerous times air-breathing has evolved. The data also indicate a central role for oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance not only in shaping sensitivity to current climate change but also in underpinning the climate-dependent evolution of animals, in this case the evolution of air-breathing.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    A World Without Mangroves? (2007)
    In:  EPIC3Science, 317(5834), pp. 41-42
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Morphological description of the megalopa and the first juvenile crab stage of Chiromantes eulimene (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae), with a revision on zoeal morphology (2011)
    In:  EPIC3Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 55, pp. 100-109
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Notes on the Macro-benthos of Kenyan mangroves. (2015)
    Museum of Zoology, “La Specola”, University of Florence | Florence, Italy
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: The notes were made for a post-graduate course in “Tropical coast ecology, management and conservation”, organised by Free University of Brussels and University of Nairobi, hosted at Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, with a support by IOC (Gazi, Mombasa, Kenya, July 1997).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Mangroves ; Macrobenthos
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Not Known
    Format: 16pp. & Plates
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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