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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    East China Sea (2005)
    Kalmar, Sweden : University of Kalmar on behalf of United Nations Environment Programme
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Environmental policy ; Caribbean Area Environmental conditions
    Description / Table of Contents: This report presents the GIWA assessment of the Caribbean Islands region, an archipelago comprising drainage basins and coastal areas that contain some of the world's most diverse and productive habitats. A variety of human activities are impacting the region's sensitive and unique ecosystems, upon which the population is so dependent for their social well-being and economic survival. Pollution, originating from both land-based sources and marine traffic, is of particular concern, but despite considerable and widespread environmental and socio-economic impacts, there has been a lack of appropriate measures aimed at mitigating this concern. The past and present status and future prospects are discussed, and the transboundary issues of pollution are traced back to their root causes. Policy options are analyzed that aim to address these driving issues in order to significantly improve environmental quality and secure the region's future prosperity
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 81, xv Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: Also available online
    Series Statement: GIWA regional assessment 36
    URL: http://www.unep.org/dewa/giwa/publications/r36.asp
    Language: English
    Note: "E.05. III. D.20"--Page 3 of cover , Includes bibliographical references (pages 98-104) , Distribution: General (not for deposit) , Also available online.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of l-Tryptophan to Kynurenate and Quinolinate in the Central Nervous System: Effects of 6-Chlorotryptophan and 4-Chloro-3-Hydroxyanthranilate (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 65 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The metabolism of l-tryptophan to the neuroactive kynurenine pathway metabolites, l-kynurenine, kynurenate and quinolinate, and the effects of two inhibitors of quinolinate synthesis (6-chlorotryptophan and 4-chloro-3-hydroxyanthranilate) were investigated by mass spectrometric assays in cultured cells and in vivo. Cell lines obtained from astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, macrophage/monocytes, lung, and liver metabolized l-[13C6]-tryptophan to l-[13C6]kynurenine and [13C6]kynurenate, particularly after indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase induction by interferon-γ. Kynurenine aminotransferase activity was measurable in all cell types examined but was unaffected by interferon-γ. These results suggest that many cell types can be sources of kynurenate following immune activation. In vivo synthesis of l-[13C6]kynurenine and [13C6]kynurenate from l-[13C6]tryptophan was studied in the CSF of macaques infected with poliovirus, as a model of inflammatory neurologic disease. The effects of 6-chlorotryptophan and 4-chloro-3-hydroxyanthranilate on the synthesis of kynurenate were different. 6-Chlorotryptophan attenuated formation of l-[13C6]kynurenine and [13C6]kynurenate and was converted to 4-chlorokynurenine and 7-chlorokynurenate. It may be an effective prodrug for the delivery of 7-chlorokynurenate, which is a potent antagonist of NMDA receptors. In contrast, 4-chloro-3-hydroxyanthranilate did not reduce accumulation of l-[13C6]kynurenine and [13C6]kynurenate. 6-Chlorotryptophan and 4-chloro-3-hydroxyanthranilate are useful tools to manipulate concentrations of quinolinate and kynurenate in the animal models of neurologic disease to evaluate physiological roles of these neuroactive metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65052217.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berry's phase for photons and topology in Maxwell's theory (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 31 (1990), S. 1942-1946 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The classical nature of Berry's phase for photons is shown to arise from the intrinsic topological structure of Maxwell's theory. The phase is developed in the context of fiber-bundle theory and is discussed in some detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.528641
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of a solitary wave in a channel of variable elliptical cross section (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 28 (1985), S. 2352-2356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper the disintegration of a solitary wave in an elliptical channel is studied when it propagates from one uniform section of the channel into another through a transition section. It is found that for an elliptical channel with constant width, fission of solitons is also possible when the solitary wave moves into a uniform section of larger depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865293
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design and performance of singular electric field terahertz photoconducting antennas (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 2076-2078 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present new designs of more efficient terahertz (THz) radiation emitters and detectors enhanced by electric field singularities using sharp and laterally offset electrodes. We compare the performances of the terahertz emission and different polarization properties resulting from these structures. An average THz radiation power of 3 μW is achieved under 20 mW excitation, calibrated by free space electro-optic sampling. We also study the gap size dependence of the THz radiation, and find an absence of a positive electrode effect in the small gap limit. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119346
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of the superconducting thin film of HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 1723-1725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ (Hg-1223) superconducting thin films of about 0.3 μm in thickness have been successfully synthesized. The process involves depositing films (∼ 1 μm thickness) of Ba2Ca2Cu3Ox on a SrTiO3 substrate by pulse laser ablation technique and implanting mercury ions into this deposited film, followed by annealing at oxygen atmosphere. The films so obtained show a relatively wide superconducting transition temperature up to 118 K, as determined magnetically, which is similar to that of underdoping bulk Hg-1223. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115887
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermally stable poled polyquinoline thin film with very large electro-optic response (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 299-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Poled guest-host polyquinoline thin films are shown to demonstrate both exceptionally large electro-optic activity and long-term stability. After an initial drop from 45 to 26 pm/V in the first 100 h, the electro-optic coefficient r33 at 26 pm/V remained for more than 2000 h. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115424
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coherent terahertz radiation detection: Direct comparison between free-space electro-optic sampling and antenna detection (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 444-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We compare the use of free-space electro-optic sampling (FSEOS) with photoconducting antennas to detect terahertz (THz) radiation in the range of 0.1–3 THz. For the same average THz power and low-frequency modulation, signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity are better with antenna detection at frequencies smaller than 3 THz. When the modulation frequency is increased to more than 1 MHz in FSEOS, both detection schemes have comparable performance. Using a singular-electric-field THz emitter, we demonstrate the feasibility of a THz imaging system using real-time delay scanning in FSEOS and only 20 mW of laser power. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121894
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dispersion of second-order optical properties of new high thermal stability guest chromophores (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1173-1175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new class of high thermal stability fused-ring guest chromophores intended for incorporation into highly stable host polyimides has been successfully developed. Thermal stabilities far in excess of 300 °C have been achieved for both the pure guest and the parent guest-host systems. dc-induced second harmonic generation measurements of the microscopic second order β of the guest chromophores in solution have been performed using an optical parametric generation technique. In the near-infrared region, values of the standard product μβ of order 103×10−48 esu have been observed. These values are in good agreement with quantum many-electron calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109813
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species Heterogeneity Between Gerbils and Rats: Quinolinate Production by Microglia and Astrocytes and Accumulations in Response to Ischemic Brain Injury and Systemic Immune Activation (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 69 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Quinolinic acid is an excitotoxic kynurenine pathway metabolite, the concentration of which increases in human brain during immune activation. The present study compared quinolinate responses to systemic and brain immune activation in gerbils and rats. Global cerebral ischemia in gerbils, but not rats, increased hippocampus indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase activity and quinolinate levels 4 days postinjury. In a rat focal ischemia model, small increases in quinolinate concentrations occurred in infarcted regions on days 1, 3, and 7, although concentrations remained below serum values. In gerbils, systemic immune activation by an intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin (1 mg/kg of body weight) increased quinolinate levels in brain, blood, lung, liver, and spleen, with proportional increases in lung indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase activity at 24 h postinjection. In rats, however, no significant quinolinate content changes occurred, whereas lung indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase activity increased slightly. Gerbil, but not rat, brain microglia and peritoneal monocytes produced large quantities of [13C6]-quinolinate from l-[13C6]tryptophan. Gerbil astrocytes produced relatively small quantities of quinolinate, whereas rat astrocytes produced no detectable amounts. These results demonstrate that the limited capacity of rats to replicate elevations in brain and blood quinolinic acid levels in response to immune activation is attributable to blunted increases in local indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase activity and a low capacity of microglia, astrocytes, and macrophages to convert l-tryptophan to quinolinate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69041519.x
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