Note: Cover -- CONTENTS -- FOREWORD -- INTRODUCTION -- NEW MATERIAL IN THIS SECOND EDITION -- AN OVERVIEW OF THE BOOK CHAPTERS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- ABOUT THE AUTHOR -- 1. OVERVIEW AND HISTORY OF DNA TYPING -- HISTORY OF FORENSIC DNA ANALYSIS -- STEPS IN DNA SAMPLE PROCESSING -- COMPARISONS TO COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY -- BIOLOGY -- 2. DNA BIOLOGY REVIEW -- BASIC DNA PRINCIPLES -- POPULATION VARIATION -- ADDITIONAL READING -- 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION, DNA EXTRACTION AND DNA QUANTITATION -- SAMPLE COLLECTION -- PRESUMPTIVE TESTS FOR BLOOD, SEMEN, AND SALIVA -- DNA EXTRACTION -- DNA QUANTITATION -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING -- POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ( PCR) PROCESS -- 4. THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (DNA AMPLIFICATION) -- MULTIPLEX PCR -- REAL- TIME ( QUANTITATIVE) PCR -- PRECAUTIONS AGAINST CONTAMINATION -- ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PCR WITH FORENSIC SPECIMENS -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING -- REPEATED DNA -- 5. COMMONLY USED SHORT TANDEM REPEAT MARKERS AND COMMERCIAL KITS -- CHOICE OF MARKERS USED BY THE FORENSIC DNA -- TYPING COMMUNITY -- COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE STR KITS -- DETAILS ON ALLELES PRESENT IN THE 13 CODIS STR LOCI -- GENDER IDENTIFICATION WITH AMELOGENIN -- STRBASE: A DYNAMIC SOURCE OF INFORMATION ON STR MARKERS -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING -- STUTTER PRODUCTS -- 6. BIOLOGY OF STRs: STUTTER PRODUCTS, NON-TEMPLATE ADDITION, MICROVARIANTS, NULL ALLELES AND MUTATION RATES -- NON- TEMPLATE ADDITION -- MICROVARIANTS AND 'OFF- LADDER' ALLELES -- ALLELE DROPOUT AND NULL ALLELES -- MUTATIONS AND MUTATION RATES -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING -- DEGRADED DNA -- 7. FORENSIC ISSUES: DEGRADED DNA, PCR INHIBITION, CONTAMINATION, MIXED SAMPLES AND LOW COPY NUMBER -- PCR INHIBITION -- CONTAMINATION ISSUES -- MIXTURES -- LOW- COPY NUMBER DNA TESTING -- OTHER USES FOR STR TYPING -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING. , ROLE OF ADDITIONAL GENETIC MARKERS IN FORENSIC SCIENCE -- 8. SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS AND OTHER BI-ALLELIC MARKERS -- BASICS OF SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPs) -- SNP TYPING ASSAYS AND TECHNOLOGIES -- POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS FOR SNPs IN HUMAN IDENTITY TESTING -- OTHER BI- ALLELIC MARKERS -- POINTS FOR DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING -- 9. Y CHROMOSOME DNA TESTING -- LINEAGE MARKERS -- VALUE OF Y CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS IN HUMAN IDENTITY TESTING -- Y CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE -- Y- STR MARKERS -- ISSUES WITH USE OF Y- STRs IN FORENSIC CASEWORK -- Y- SNP AND BI- ALLELIC MARKERS -- HISTORICAL AND GENEALOGICAL STUDIES WITH THE Y CHROMOSOME -- THE THOMAS JEFFERSON- SALLY HEMINGS AFFAIR -- SURNAME TESTING AND GENETIC GENEALOGY -- POINTS FOR DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING -- 10. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA ANALYSIS -- CHARACTERISTICS OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA -- MITOCHONDRIAL DNA SEQUENCING IN FORENSIC CASEWORK -- INTERPRETING AND REPORTING mtDNA RESULTS -- LABORATORIES PERFORMING mtDNA TESTING IN THE UNITED STATES -- ISSUES IMPACTING INTERPRETATION -- SCREENING ASSAYS FOR mtDNA TYPING -- POPULATION DATABASES -- FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN mtDNA RESEARCH -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING -- 11. NON-HUMAN DNA TESTING AND MICROBIAL FORENSICS -- DOMESTIC ANIMAL DNA TESTING -- PLANT DNA -- MICROBIAL FORENSICS -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING -- TECHNOLOGY -- INTRODUCTION -- 12. DNA SEPARATION METHODS: SLAB GEL AND CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS -- SLAB GELS -- CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS -- DNA SEPARATION MECHANISMS -- ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ON ELECTROPHETIC SEPARATIONS -- ADDITIONAL READING -- 13. DNA DETECTION METHODS: FLUORESCENT DYES AND SILVER-STAINING -- VARIOUS METHODS FOR DETECTING DNA MOLECULES -- FLUORESCENCE DETECTION -- SILVER STAINING -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING. , 14. INSTRUMENTATION FOR STR TYPING: ABI 310, ABI 3100, FMBIO SYSTEMS -- THE ABI PRISM 310 GENETIC ANALYZER -- COMPONENTS OF THE ABI 310 -- OPERATION OF THE ABI 310 FOR GENOTYPING STR SAMPLES -- STEPS PERFORMED BY THE STANDARD MODULE -- ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR HIGHER THROUGHPUT CAPABILITIES -- HITACHI FMBIO II AND FMBIO III FLUORESCENCE IMAGING SYSTEMS -- SAMPLE PROCESSING ON THE FMBIO II -- ISSUES WITH THE FMBIO II APPROACH -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING -- 15. STR GENOTYPING ISSUES -- THE GENOTYPING PROCESS -- FACTORS AFFECTING GENOTYPING RESULTS -- EXTRA PEAKS OBSERVED IN THE DATA -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING -- 16. LABORATORY VALIDATION -- INTRODUCTION -- ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN ENSURING QUALITY AND UNIFORMITY OF DNA TESTING -- VALIDATION -- INTER- LABORATORY TESTS -- DNA STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS -- QUALITY CONTROL FOR COMMERCIAL SOURCES OF MATERIALS -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING -- 17. NEW TECHNOLOGIES, AUTOMATION, AND EXPERT SYSTEMS -- NEW DNA SEPARATION/ GENOTYPING TECHNOLOGIES -- LABORATORY AUTOMATION -- EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR STR DATA INTERPRETATION -- UNIQUE CHALLENGES WITH FORENSIC DNA AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING -- 18. COMBINED DNA INDEX SYSTEM (CODIS) AND THE USE OF DNA DATABASES -- COMBINED DNA INDEX SYSTEM ( CODIS) -- IMPORTANT ISSUES FOR DNA DATABASES -- DNA DATABASE LAWS -- NATIONAL DNA DATABASES AROUND THE WORLD -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING -- GENETICS -- 19. BASIC GENETIC PRINCIPLES, STATISTICS, AND PROBABILITY -- PROBABILITY -- STATISTICS -- PRINCIPLES OF POPULATION GENETICS -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING -- 20. STR POPULATION DATABASE ANALYSES -- GENERATING A POPULATION DNA DATABASE -- STATISTICAL TESTS ON DNA DATABASES -- PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- POINTS FOR DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING. , 21. PROFILE FREQUENCY ESTIMATES, LIKELIHOOD RATIOS, AND SOURCE ATTRIBUTION -- FREQUENCY ESTIMATE CALCULATIONS -- LIKELIHOOD RATIO -- SOURCE ATTRIBUTION -- OTHER TOPICS OF INTEREST -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING -- 22. APPROACHES TO STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF MIXTURES AND DEGRADED DNA -- MIXTURE INTERPRETATION -- PARTIAL DNA PROFILES -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING -- 23. KINSHIP AND PARENTAGE TESTING -- PATERNITY ( PARENTAGE) TESTING -- REVERSE PARENTAGE TESTING -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING -- BIOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY, AND GENETICS -- 24. MASS DISASTER DNA VICTIM IDENTIFICATION -- ISSUES FACED DURING DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION EFFORTS -- EARLY EFFORTS WITH APPLYING DNA ANALYSIS TO MASS DISASTERS -- DNA IDENTIFICATION WORK WITH 11 SEPTEMBER 2001 VICTIMS -- REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READING -- APPENDIX I REPORTED STR ALLELES: SIZES AND SEQUENCES -- EXPLANATION OF INFORMATION INCLUDED IN THE FOLLOWING TABLES: -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX II U.S. POPULATION DATA - STR ALLELE FREQUENCIES -- APPENDIX III SUPPLIERS OF DNA ANALYSIS EQUIPMENT, PRODUCTS, OR SERVICES -- APPENDIX IV DNA ADVISORY BOARD QUALITY ASSURANCE STANDARDS -- DNA ADVISORY BOARD - QUALITY ASSURANCE STANDARDS FOR FORENSIC DNA TESTING LABORATORIES FOR CONVICTED OFFENDER DNA DATABASING LABORATORIES -- QUALITY ASSURANCE STANDARDS FOR FORENSIC DNA TESTING LABORATORIES -- APPENDIX V DAB RECOMMENDATIONS ON STATISTICS -- DNA ADVISORY BOARD -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX VI NRC II RECOMMENDATIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE LABORATORY PERFORMANCE -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ESTIMATING RANDOM- MATCH PROBABILITIES -- RECOMMENDATIONS ON INTERPRETING THE RESULTS OF DATABASE SEARCHES, ON BINNING, AND ON ESTABLISHING THE UNIQUENESS OF PROFILES -- RECOMMENDATION FOR RESEARCH ON JUROR COMPREHENSION -- APPENDIX VII EXAMPLE DNA CASES. , CASE (A) - SEXUAL ASSAULT EVIDENCE EXAMINED WITH 13 CODIS AUTOSOMAL STR LOCI -- CASE (B) USE OF Y CHROMOSOME STR INFORMATION -- AUTHOR INDEX -- SUBJECT INDEX.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Ch01. The Natives and the Village -- Ch02. Going Native -- Ch03. The Aesthetics of Learning -- Ch04. Mrs. Waters' Formal Lab Report -- Ch05. Mrs. Waters' Exit Survey -- Ch06. The State Science Exam -- Ch07. A Taxonomy of Classroom Time -- Ch08. Mrs. Waters' Best Classroom Practices -- Ch09. Teacher of the Year-It's the Climb -- Ch10. Reflections on the Research -- Epilogue -- Appendix -- Bibliography -- About the Author.

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