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  • 1
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Buffett, Grant George; Krahmann, Gerd; Klaeschen, Dirk; Schroeder, Katrin; Sallarès, Valenti; Papenberg, Cord; Ranero, César R; Zitellini, Nevio (2017): Seismic Oceanography in the Tyrrhenian Sea: Thermohaline Staircases, Eddies, and Internal Waves. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 122(11), 8503-8523, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012726
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: We use seismic oceanography to document and analyze oceanic thermohaline fine structure across the Tyrrhenian Sea. Multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection data were acquired during the MEDiterranean OCcidental survey in April–May 2010. We deployed along‐track expendable bathythermograph probes simultaneous with MCS acquisition. At nearby locations we gathered conductivity‐temperature‐depth data. An autonomous glider survey added in situ measurements of oceanic properties. The seismic reflectivity clearly delineates thermohaline fine structure in the upper 2,000 m of the water column, indicating the interfaces between Atlantic Water/Winter Intermediate Water, Levantine Intermediate Water, and Tyrrhenian Deep Water. We observe the Northern Tyrrhenian Anticyclone, a near‐surface mesoscale eddy, plus laterally and vertically extensive thermohaline staircases. Using MCS, we are able to fully image the anticyclone to a depth of 800 m and to confirm the horizontal continuity of the thermohaline staircases of more than 200 km. The staircases show the clearest step‐like gradients in the center of the basin while they become more diffuse toward the periphery and bottom, where impedance gradients become too small to be detected by MCS. We quantify the internal wave field and find it to be weak in the region of the eddy and in the center of the staircases, while it is stronger near the coastlines. Our results indicate this is because of the influence of the boundary currents, which disrupt the formation of staircases by preventing diffusive convection. In the interior of the basin, the staircases are clearer and the internal wave field weaker, suggesting that other mixing processes such as double diffusion prevail.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Dupré, S; Buffet, G; Mascle, Jean; Foucher, Jean Paul; Gauger, Steffen; Boetius, Antje; Marfia, C; AsterX AUV Team; Quest ROV Team; BIONIL Scientific Party (2009): High-resolution mapping of large gas emitting mud volcanoes on the Egyptian continental margin (Nile Deep Sea Fan) by AUV surveys. Marine Geophysical Research, 29(4), 275-290, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001-009-9063-3
    Publication Date: 2024-02-16
    Description: Two highly active mud volcanoes located in 990-1,265 m water depths were mapped on the northern Egyptian continental slope during the BIONIL expedition of R/V Meteor in October 2006. High-resolution swath bathymetry and backscatter imagery were acquired with an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)-mounted multibeam echosounder, operating at a frequency of 200 kHz. Data allowed for the construction of ~1 m pixel bathymetry and backscatter maps. The newly produced maps provide details of the seabed morphology and texture, and insights into the formation of the two mud volcanoes. They also contain key indicators on the distribution of seepage and its tectonic control. The acquisition of high-resolution seafloor bathymetry and acoustic imagery maps with an AUV-mounted multibeam echosounder fills the gap in spatial scale between conventional multibeam data collected from a surface vessel and in situ video observations made from a manned submersible or a remotely operating vehicle.
    Keywords: BIONIL; CT; M70/2a; M70/2a-track; M70/2b; M70/2b-track; MEDIFLUX; Mediterranean Sea; Meteor (1986); Processes at the Passive Continental Margins; Underway cruise track measurements
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 5 datasets
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les concentrations Pb-Zn exploitées à M'Passa sont localisées sur des failles de direction combienne (N50°E). L'interprétation préférée par la plupart des auteurs de la dernière décennie suppose une préconcentration synsédimentaire, redistribuée dans des zones faillées. Les résultats de l'étude détaillée du comportement de 11 éléments métalliques (V, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Pb), dosés systématiquement le long de coupes continues (94 échantillons, dont 28 d'entre eux dosés aussi en As) ne permettent pas de confirmer cette hypothèse. L'analyse en composantes principales des teneurs met en évidence une décroissance régulière de la teneur en métaux en s'éloignant des zones faillées. Elle permet aussi de mettre en évidence des groupes de métaux dont une famille d'éléments plus mobiles (Pb, Zn, Cd) et une autre famille d'éléments moins mobiles (Ag, Cu, Mo, Fe, Co). Ces derniers sont concentrés préférentiellement à l'intérieur ou à proximité des zones faillées. Cette distribution s'accorderait davantage avec un zonage thermique normal enraciné dans les failles plutôt qu'avec une redistribution per-descensum de concentrations préexistantes. La décroissance régulière de la teneur en Fe de la blende, fonction de la distance à la faille et indépendante du type de minerai, pourrait aussi avoir été accompagnée d'un gradient thermique au cours du dépot. Quelques mesures exploratoires de constitution isotopique du soufre permettent aussi d'écarter une origine euxinique des sulfures. D'autres possibilités de concentration associée à l'évolution de matières organiques paraisent aussi difficiles à concilier avec la teneur résiduelle en carbone organique. L'absence de relation entre rapports organiques caractéristiques et nature du minerai ne permet pas de conclure à une relation avec l'évolution de la matière organique. Donc, plutôt que considérer que tout marqueur organique aurait été effacé au cours de l'évolution géologique postérieure au dépot, on préfère dans l'état actuel des connaissances un modèle apparenté à une précipitation hydrothermale initiée dans les zones faillées et prolongée latéralement dans des nìveaux dolomitiques spécifiques. Les traits paléokarstiques de ces niveaux seraient alors à envisager, soit comme des réservoirs passifs, soit comme le résutat de l'altération d'épontes par des fluides hydrothermaux.
    Notes: Abstract The Pb-Zn deposits of the M'Passa mine are located on faults running in a Combian (i.e., N50°E) direction. The interpretation preferred by most authors over the last decade is that synsedimentary ore concentrations have been redistributed in the vicinity of fault zones. This paper presents the results of a detailed study of the behavior of 11 metallic elements (V, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Pb) systematically measured along a well-exposed section (94 samples, in 28 of which As was also measured). Principal component analysis of the data shows a regular decrease in the total metal content with increasing distance from the fault zones; it also brings to light groupings of metallic elements into a group of mobile elements (Pb, Zn, Cd) and a group of less mobile elements (Ag, Cu, Mo, Fe, Co). The latter are concentrated in and near the fault zone. This distribution corroborates a normal thermal zoning of elements issued from the faults rather than a lateral leaching of a preexisting ore concentration down the fault zone. A gradient in Fe content in sphalerite observed over both ore trends could also indicate regularly decreasing thermal conditions during ore formation. In addition, exploratory measurements of sulfur isotopes clearly indicate an ore concentration process different from an euxinic process. Other synsedimentary metal concentrations related to organic matter evolution seem difficult to reconcile with the total residual organic carbon content, and characteristic ratios regarding organic carbon do not show at the present time any relation with organic matter evolution. Rather than assuming that all organic indicators were erased during the geological evolution of the M'Passa deposit, a model is preferred in which local hydrothermal deposition issued from the fault and diffused through specific dolomitic strata. Paleokarstic features may be regarded as passive ore reservoirs or could be the result of alteration associated with hydrothermal fluids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-09-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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