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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 63 (1992), S. 259-264 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aphid ; parasitoid ; honeydew ; behaviour ; cereals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dispersal cages were used to investigate the effects of aphids and treatment with artificial honeydew on the leaving rate of searching females of the parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi from groups of wheat plants. Parasitoids which flew away from groups of plants placed in the centre of a cage were trapped on the sides and roof of the cage and thus were prevented from returning to the plants. The positions of trapped parasitoids suggested their direction of flight when dispersing from the plants. Parasitoids increased their residence times on groups of plants in the presence of aphids and of artificial honeydew, but the rate of parasitism of the host Sitobion avenae was not raised by the presence of artificial honeydew under the experimental conditions used. The direction of flight taken by the majority of parasitoids suggested that they were leaving the plants in order to locate further plants nearby to continue searching rather than to terminate searching and disperse away from the area. The need to consider plant patch size in studies of parasitoid searching behaviour is stressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 57-61 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Syrphidae ; aphid ; honeydew ; oviposition ; olfaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of honeydew contamination on egg laying by the syrphidsEpisyrphus balteatus (Deg.) andPlatycheirus albimanus (F.) on ears of wheat was investigated in a large laboratory flight cage. Artificially-applied honeydew elicited oviposition byE. balteatus but not byPlatycheirus albimanus.Episyrphus balteatus females landed more frequently on ears contaminated with honeydew than on clean ears, suggesting a response to honeydew volatiles. Honeydew from the rose-grain aphidMetopolophium dirhodum and from the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum stimulatedE. balteatus to lay eggs, whereas honeydew from the nettle aphidMicrolophium carnosum did not. The number of eggs laid byE. balteatus increased with increasing honeydew concentration. At low honeydew concentrations the presence of aphids increased oviposition byE. balteatus, but aphid presence had little effect on the number of eggs laid at high honeydew concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 55 (1990), S. 139-148 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aphidius ; cereal ; aphid ; kairomone ; honeydew ; parasitoid ; hyperparasitoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les parasitoïdes primaires de pucerons des céréales: Aphidius rhopalosiphi, A. picipes, A. ervi, Praon volucre et Ephedrus plagiator, ainsi que leurs hyperparasitoïdes, Dendrocerus carpenteri, Phaenoglyphis villosa et Alloxysta victrix ont réagi à du miellat de Sitobion avenae imbibant des disques de papier filtre, en prolongeant beaucoup leur temps de visite. Les femelles et les mâles ont réagi, mais les femelles généralement plus fortement. L'augmentation du temps de visite était probablement provoqué par la diminution de leur vitesse dans les zones traitées, leur tendance à séjourner dans ces zones et à y retourner après les avoir quittées. Les femelles de A. rhopalosiphi s'habituaient au miellat, mais s'en déshabituaient totalement en 90 minutes. Leurs réactions augmentaient avec la concentration en miellat jusqu'à 0,25 mg/μl, sans qu'il y ait eu une nouvelle augmentation à 0,5 mg/μl. La réaction était supprimée en absence de contact direct avec le papier. A. rhopalosiphi a repondu à quelques miellats produits par des non-hôtes aussi fortement qu'à celui de ses hôtes. A. rhopalosiphi a réagi au miellat produit par Metopolophium dirhodum, élevé sur milieu artificiel, et au milieu nutritiflui-même, aussi fortement qu'au miellat de M. dirhodum élevé sur du blé. Ainsi, la réponse d'A. rhopalosiphi à un miellat apparait comme n'étant pas due à la présence de substances chimiques spécifiques de plantes, ni, probablement, à des substances produites par les pucerons. Les résultats sont discutés en relation avec la localisation de l'hôte par A. rhopalosiphi.
    Notes: Abstract Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez, four other primary parasitoids and three hyperparasitoids of cereal aphids responded to cereal aphid honeydew on filter paper discs by greatly increasing visit times. Both female and male parasitoids responded, females generally more strongly. A. rhopalosiphi females were shown to habituate to honeydew, and to dishabituate fully in 90 min. Their response increased with increasing concentrations of honeydew up to 0.25 mg/μl, but no further increase was detected at 0.5 mg/μl. The response did not occur when direct contact with the treated paper was prevented. A. rhopalosiphi responded to some honeydew from non-host aphids as strongly as to that from host aphids. A. rhopalosiphi responded to the honeydew produced by Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) reared on artificial diet and to the diet itself as strongly as to honeydew from M. dirhodum reared on wheat. The response of A. rhopalosiphi to honeydew therefore appears not to be caused by specific plant chemicals in the honeydew, and is probably not caused by aphid-specific chemicals. The results are discussed in relation to host location by A. rhopalosiphi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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