Note: Title page -- Contents -- Preface -- Course group shot -- Experimental tests of the liquid-liquid phase transition hypothesis -- Water and its relatives: The stable, supercooled and particularly the stretched regimes -- Introduction -- Liquid domains and stable states -- Hydrogen bonds and anomalies of water -- High pressure -- Properties of supercooled water and solutions -- The second-critical-point hypothesis and the problem of its location -- Validity of the second-critical-point hypothesis -- Is water unique? Brothers and cousins -- Stretched water: negative-pressure investigations -- Hard data in the negative-pressure domain -- A modified van der Waals model for stretched liquids -- Concluding commentary -- Atmospheric water -- Introduction -- General structure of the Earth's atmosphere -- Condensed phases of water in the atmosphere -- Pure water phases -- Introduction to aerosol particles -- Phase transitions of water -- Cooling processes leading to supersaturation -- Gas-to-liquid transition: liquid-water droplets from water vapor -- Liquid-to-ice transition: ice crystals from supercooled water droplets -- Homogeneous ice nucleation in pure water -- Heterogeneous ice nucleation in pure water -- Implications: the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen process -- Ice nucleation in haze particles -- Homogeneous ice nucleation -- Heterogeneous ice nucleation (immersion freezing) -- Kinetic state diagram of atmospheric humidity -- X-ray spectroscopy, scattering and simulation studies of instantaneous structures in water -- The inhomogeneous structure hypothesis -- Two local distinct structures -- X-ray spectroscopy -- Connecting XAS/XRS and XES -- Peak shifts with temperature -- Comparing effects of temperature with adding salts -- Consistency with vibrational spectroscopy -- The nature of the distorted species -- understanding XAS/XRS -- The pre-edge. , The main edge -- Interpretation of XAS/XRS: Newns-Anderson model -- The inherent structure in MD simulations -- Density fluctuations -- Normal and anomalous contributions to kappa_T -- Compressibility in MD models -- Density inhomogeneities and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering -- Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) -- Qualitative understanding of SAXS data -- The relation between correlation length and spatial extent -- Anticorrelation between tetrahedrality and density -- Wide-angle scattering and pair-correlation functions g_OO(r) -- Correlations at intermediate range (6-15 angstrom) -- Temperature dependence of intermediate-range correlations -- The first O-O peak -- The HDL local structure -- Concluding remarks -- Spectroscopy and modeling of aqueous interfaces -- SHG as a surface probe -- Langmuir models for interfacial adsorption -- The 1:1 exchange model -- The effects of water exchange in the exchange model -- An alternative approach -- Langmuir adsorption modeling including cations -- SHG/Langmuir fitting procedures -- Applications -- Water and ice structure in the range 220-365K from radiation total scattering experiments -- Introduction -- Experimental -- X-ray scattering experiment -- Neutron scattering experiment -- Empirical Potential Structure Refinement -- Results -- Fits to the data -- Other derived quantities -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Crystalline and amorphous ices -- Introduction -- Crystalline ices -- Stable phases, metastable phases and the melting line -- Ice I: cubic ice and hexagonal ice -- Proton order-disorder transitions -- Ice X and post-ice X phases -- Negative pressure -- Summary: crystalline ices -- Amorphous ices -- Motivation -- Formation/preparation -- Atomistic structure of amorphous ices -- Liquid-liquid phase transition hypothesis -- Glass transitions in amorphous ices -- Glass transition in ASW. , Glass transition in HGW -- Glass transition in LDA -- Glass transition in HDA -- Summary: amorphous ices -- Water in confined geometries -- Introduction -- The structure of confined water -- Water confined in porous Vycor-glass -- Water confined in MCM41 silica cylindrical pores -- Water in water/oil emulsions -- Water in a charge colloidal suspension -- Conclusions -- NMR studies of water -- Introduction -- The dynamical crossover in supercooled water -- The clustering dynamics of water/methanol solution -- The folding/unfolding process of hydrated lysozyme -- Conclusions -- List of participants.