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  • 1
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    Ecological networks in a changing climate (2010)
    In:  EPIC3Advances in Ecological Research, 42, pp. 71-138
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Infrared Spectra of Gossypol1a (1954)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 76 (1954), S. 2368-2373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01638a023
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved 5-Mg. Rider for Ainsworth Microchemical Balances (1951)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 23 (1951), S. 388-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60050a051
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field experiments on the movements of Apodemus sylvaticus L. using trapping and tracking techniques (1969)
    Springer
    Oecologia 2 (1969), S. 198-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The movements of Apodemus sylvaticus were studied by trapping, tracking and direct observations in a woodland of newly planted conifers. Apodemus lived in groups or “super-families” with a dominant male (23–28g) in control. The dominant of each superfamily patrolled its territory (up to 6.4 acres) exploring it sector by sector, or more generally. Unfamiliar objects were carefully examined and labelled by urination. One dominant appeared to know when a neighboring dominant was absent and might then extend his area of movement. The other Apodemus mostly remained within the territory of their accepted dominant. Groups of subordinates moved together to preferred feeding grounds within the general territory, but outside their own individual home sites. The female Apodemus maintained compact ranges (average 0.2 acres), using one group of runways for a time and then disregarding them for another group. Females moved to new sites when populations were low (April to July) but had overlapping ranges in late summer when populations were high. Small monopolized zones were established by pregnant females. Factors influencing behavior and population control are discussed. There was no evidence of a year of peak population for Apodemus from 1963–1966.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379159
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and pentobarbital on a cortical response evoked during conditioning (1976)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 47 (1976), S. 119-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Frontal cortex ; Evoked activity ; Behavior ; Tetrahydrocannabinol ; Pentobarbital
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A surface-negative wave, evoked by tone cues, appeared in monkey post-arcuate cortex as the monkey learned that the cue signaled the availability of reward. This evoked activity was depressed, concomitantly with changes in the animal's behavioral responding, by doses of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-THC) as low as 0.032 mg/kg and of pentobarbital as low as 4 mg/kg. Pentobarbital tended to increase the latency of the evoked wave, an effect not seen with Δ 9-THC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428713
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthetic peptides representing sequences within gp41 of HIV as immunogens for murine T- and B-cell responses (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 140 (1995), S. 635-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Within the gp41 glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) there is a relatively conserved region which appears accessible to the immune system during the course of HIV infection and is recognised by antibody from virtually all patients with AIDS. This region has also been shown to function as a target for human T cells. We have examined synthetic peptides spanning this sequence, between residues 572 and 604, with a view to evaluating their potential as immunogens. Peptides572GIKQLQARILAVERYLKDQQ591 and579RILAVERYLKDQQLLGGIWGCSGK601 were good immunogens in two different strains of mice while peptide576LQARILAVERYLKDQQ591 was an inferior immunogen, and peptide593LGIWGCSGKLIC604 was non-immunogenic unless coupled to a carrier protein. For both antibody and T cell responses it was apparent that sequences that could function as determinants within one peptide could not do so in the context of a different peptide immunogen. It follows that by judicious choice of immunogen sequence it may be possible to direct the immune response towards a desired fine specificity. Unwanted responses by CD4+ T cells isolated from certain peptide-primed animals were also observed. These T cells showed an unusual reactivity in that they were incapable of recognising their determinant AVERYLKDQQ if it was extended at the C-terminal end with the native sequence and as such would not be expected to recognise the native molecule unless processing created the identical C-terminus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309955
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of the properties of monoclonal antibodies directed to epitopes on influenza virus hemagglutinin (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 114 (1990), S. 1-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the hemagglutinin (HA) of the H3 subtype of influenza A virus were grouped according to their inability to bind to particular MAb-selected neutralization escape mutants of the virus having an amino acid substitution in one of the five postulated antigenic sites on the molecule. Additional residues critical to the binding of the MAbs were deduced from their patterns of reactivity with a panel of field strains and receptor mutants of the H3 subtype. The relationship of these residues to the actual epitopes recognized by the MAbs was inferred from their location on the three-dimensional structure of the HA molecule. In this way it was generally possible to identify a number of residues that are critical to the integrity of the epitope recognized by each of the MAbs examined. It was found that: (1) Several of these epitopes appear to be discontinuous and some may depend on residues contributed by more than one monomer. For example, residue 205, in the interface between monomers of the HA, was found to affect the integrity of the epitopes for several MAbs, possibly by stabilizing the conformation of residues around the receptor-binding pocket and/or in site B on the adjacent monomer. The activity of these particular MAbs was greatly decreased if the virus was exposed to pH 5. (2) All the MAbs tested neutralized viral infectivity and inhibited hemagglutination, although the single MAb directed to site C, which is the most distant from the receptor-binding site, was the least efficient. (3) Hemagglutination inhibition, and particularly neutralization tests, were more discriminating than ELISA in discerning subtle differences between the corresponding epitopes recognized by MAbs on different field strains. (4) Efficiency of neutralization of infectivity did not correlate consistently with hemagglutination inhibiting efficiency; MAbs postulated to bind to epitopes close to the receptor-binding pocket were very efficient at inhibiting hemagglutination, whereas neutralization efficiency tended to be more influenced by the affinity of binding of the MAb. (5) A MAb binding to any particular epitope could affect the binding of a second MAb directed to an epitope within the same or even a different antigenic site. The observed effect was most commonly inhibition of binding, which was not always reciprocal; enhancement of binding was also observed with certain combinations of MAbs. The relative affinity of the MAbs, in addition to steric constraints, were shown to be important factors in the ability to compete for interaction with HA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01311008
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of a capillary extrusion rheometer to measure curing of thermosetting plastics and rubbers (1965)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 3 (1965), S. 1911-1939 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: By use of a modified, small-bore, capillary extrusion rheometer (MCER) with an Instron tensile testing machine, the flow and set-up properties of thermosetting plastics and rubbers were characterized. The majority of the experiments were performed with diallyl phthalate, where the rate of curing was also followed by infrared determination of the reduction in unsaturation as the polymerization-curing proceeded. Phenol-formaldehyde was also characterized. Finally, the curing of ethylene-propylene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer rubbers with peroxide was studied and correlated with the type of peroxide used. The MCER data are shown to be of practical use for predicting the time-temperature-pressure relationships for processing thermosetting plastics and rubbers. Moreover, the history of the curing, as obtained by analysis of the continuously extruded strand, is also of theoretical interest for studying reaction kinetics and for evaluating the effectiveness of various curing systems. It is predicted the MCER will be widely used for studying the curing of thermosetting plastics and rubbers.
    Additional Material: 30 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1965.100030522
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  • 9
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    The Source of the PB1 Gene in Influenza Vaccine Reassortants Selectively Alters the Hemagglutinin Content of the Resulting Seed Virus [Structure and Assembly] (2013)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-25
    Description: The yields of egg-grown influenza vaccines are maximized by the production of a seed strain using a reassortment of the seasonal influenza virus isolate with a highly egg-adapted strain. The seed virus is selected based on high yields of viral hemagglutinin (HA) and expression of the surface antigens from the seasonal isolate. The remaining proteins are usually derived from the high-growth parent. However, a retrospective analysis of vaccine seeds revealed that the seasonal PB1 gene was selected in more than 50% of reassortment events. Using the model seasonal H3N2 virus A/Udorn/307/72 (Udorn) virus and the high-growth A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) virus, we assessed the influence of the source of the PB1 gene on virus growth and vaccine yield. Classical reassortment of these two strains led to the selection of viruses that predominantly had the Udorn PB1 gene. The presence of Udorn PB1 in the seed virus, however, did not result in higher yields of virus or HA compared to the yields in the corresponding seed virus with PR8 PB1. The 8-fold-fewer virions produced with the seed virus containing the Udorn PB1 were somewhat compensated for by a 4-fold increase in HA per virion. A higher HA/nucleoprotein (NP) ratio was found in past vaccine preparations when the seasonal PB1 was present, also indicative of a higher HA density in these vaccine viruses. As the HA viral RNA (vRNA) and mRNA levels in infected cells were similar, we propose that PB1 selectively alters the translation of viral mRNA. This study helps to explain the variability of vaccine seeds with respect to HA yield.
    Print ISSN: 0022-538X
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5514
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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  • 10
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    Influenza-Induced Inflammation Drives Pneumococcal Otitis Media [Bacterial Infections] (2013)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-21
    Description: Influenza A virus (IAV) predisposes individuals to secondary infections with the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus). Infections may manifest as pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, or otitis media (OM). It remains controversial as to whether secondary pneumococcal disease is due to the induction of an aberrant immune response or IAV-induced immunosuppression. Moreover, as the majority of studies have been performed in the context of pneumococcal pneumonia, it remains unclear how far these findings can be extrapolated to other pneumococcal disease phenotypes such as OM. Here, we used an infant mouse model, human middle ear epithelial cells, and a series of reverse-engineered influenza viruses to investigate how IAV promotes bacterial OM. Our data suggest that the influenza virus HA facilitates disease by inducing a proinflammatory response in the middle ear cavity in a replication-dependent manner. Importantly, our findings suggest that it is the inflammatory response to IAV infection that mediates pneumococcal replication. This study thus provides the first evidence that inflammation drives pneumococcal replication in the middle ear cavity, which may have important implications for the treatment of pneumococcal OM.
    Print ISSN: 0019-9567
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5522
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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