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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of iron uptake by plants (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 1 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Green plants require a continuous supply of Fe as they grow, because Fe does not not move from the older to the newer leaves. Soils do not lack Fe per se, but it may not be available to plants grown in alkaline soils. Plants are classed ‘Fe-efficient’ if they respond to Fe-deficiency stress by inducing biochemical reactions that make Fe available in a useful form, and ‘Fe-inefficienT’ if they do not. Iron uptake induced in response to Fe stress involves release of hydrogen ions and reductants by the root. The lowered pH and presence of reductant at the root zone, along with reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ at the root surface, enables Fe2+ to be taken up primarily through the young lateral roots. Ferrous iron is present throughout the protozylem and may or may not have entered the root by a carrier. The root-absorbed Fe2+ is oxidized to Fe3+ at the junction of the protoxylem and the metaxylem, chelated by citrate, and then transported in the metaxylem to the plant top. In the plant, the chemical reactions injuced by Fe-deficiency stress may affect nitrate reductase activity, use of Fe from Fe3+ phosphate and chelating agents, and tolerance to heavy metals. An efficient mechanism for Fe uptake in roots appears to be important for the efficient use of Fe in plant tops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1978.tb02037.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurotensin-like Peptides in the CNS of Lampreys: Chromatographic Characterization and Immunohistochemical Localization with Reference to Aminergic Markers (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 2 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neurotensin (NT)-like peptides in the CNS of the lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis were studied by radioimmunoassay (C-terminal specific NT antiserum), reverse-phase HPLC and immunohistochemistry. Multiple peaks of NT-immunoreactive (-ir) material were observed upon HPLC, of which a major peak eluted in the position of bovine NT. Immunofluorescence histochemistry showed that a monoclonal antibody recognizing the N-terminal (1–11) fragment of NT, as well as two polyclonal NT antisera labelled a large number of cell bodies in the periventricular area of hypothalamus, including the postinfundibular commissural nucleus and the ventral and dorsal hypothalamic nuclei. Additional groups of NT-ir cells were observed in the preoptic nucleus, the postoptic commissural nucleus, the mesencephalic tegmentum (L.fluviatilis), and in the spinal cord (L.fluviatilis and Ichtyomyzon unicuspis). Dense NT-ir fibre plexuses were present in the caudal hypothalamus, corpus striatum, ventral mesencephalon, and in the dorsal horn and lateral margin of the spinal cord. At the ultrastructural level the lateral spinal margin showed NT-ir terminal structures, which in most cases were not associated with synaptic specializations, although occasional synaptic contacts with unlabelled elements were found. The relation between NT-ir and monoamine-containing cells was examined with immunofluorescence double-staining, using antisera to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and histamine respectively. In the periventricular nuclei of hypothalamus numerous TH-, 5-HT-, as well as histamine-ir cells were located in close association with NT-ir cells, but none of the aminergic markers could be detected within NT-ir neurons. The chemical properties as well as the anatomical distribution of lamprey NT-like peptides show several similarities with those present in mammals, suggesting that NT-containing neuronal systems in the CNS developed early in vertebrate phylogeny.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1990.tb00021.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactive Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, and Somatostatin in Developing Chicken Spinal Cord Motoneurons (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 1 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-, and somatostatin (SOM)-like immunoreactivities (-LI) in neurons of the spinal cord of developing chickens was characterized by use of the indirect immunofluorescence technique, and the findings related to a possible role for these peptides in the development of muscles and motor endplates.CGRP-LI in presumptive motoneurons of the ventral horn was first observed at embryonic day 6. During the following days the number of CGRP-immunoreactive (IR) cells increased reaching high numbers between days 12 and 18 of incubation, and thereafter decreasing in numbers until hatching. SOM-LI was first observed on embryonic day 7, while VIP-LI appeared on days 12–13. The number of SOM- and VIP-IR cells was considerably lower than that observed for CGRP-LI, but they also exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease towards hatching. Intrathecal administration of colchicine increased the number of CGRP-IR motoneurons at days 7 and 30 after hatching and of VIP-IR ones at day 7, while at day 30 no expression of VIP-LI was found. Colchicine treatment did not cause any significant change in the number of SOM-IR motoneurons after hatching.The effect of VIP, SOM, and CGRP on cAMP accumulation in primary cultures of chick muscle cells was determined after labelling of the cells by (2-3H) adenine and by radioimmunoassay. All three peptides stimulated the accumulation of cAMP. However, the development of the pharmacological response of each of the peptides followed a different time course during in vitro differentiation of the primary cultures. The response of CGRP was the latest to develop and did not significantly decrease after the maximal response had been reached around day 3.The data are discussed in terms of ‘trophic’ effects of these neuropeptides upon muscle and spinal cord differentiation and synaptogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1989.tb00795.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Miscanthus biomass production for energy in Europe and its potential contribution to decreasing fossil fuel carbon emissions (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Global change biology 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Field trials throughout Europe over the past 15 years have confirmed the potential for high biomass production from Miscanthus, a giant perennial rhizomatous grass with C4 photosynthesis. However, policies to promote the utilization of biomass crops require yield estimates that can be scaled up to regional, national and continental areas. The only way in which this information can be reliably provided is through the use of productivity models. Here, we describe MISCANMOD, a productivity model, which was used in conjunction with a GIS to plot potential, non-water-limited yields across Europe. Modelled rainfed yields were also calculated using a water balance approach based on FAO estimates of plant available water in the soil. The observed yields were consistent with modelled yields at 20 trial sites across Europe. We estimate that if Miscanthus was grown on 10% of suitable land area in the European Union (EU15), 231 TWh yr−1 of electricity could be generated, which is 9% of the gross electricity production in 2000. Using the same scenario, the total carbon mitigation could be 76 Mt C yr−1, which is about 9% of the EU total C emissions for the 1990 Kyoto Protocol baseline levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00749.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hard X-ray Sun in stereo (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 283 (1980), S. 814-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] VIRTUALLY on the eve of launch (14 February, 1980) of the first ever solar hard X-ray imaging telescope, aboard NASAs Solar Maximum Mission (SMM), a group of US researchers has scooped some of its expected results without the use of imaging instruments. Kane and Anderson of Berkeley and Evans, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/283814a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrate Reductase Activity in Calcifugous and Calcicolous Tomatoes as Affected by Iron Stress (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 38 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Calcicolous plants are generally more Fe-efficient than calcifugous plants, because they respond to Fe stress by releasing H-ions and “reductants” from their roots that causes Fe to become available. The objective of our study was to determine if differential response to Fe stress in calcicolous and calcifugous varieties affects nitrate reductase activity. T3238FER (Fe-efficient) and T3238fer (Fe-inefficient) tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars were grown in nutrient solutions supplied with N as NH4+-N plus NO3−-N, and as NO3−-N only. The chemical reactions induced by Fe stress concomitantly increased nitrate reductase activity in roots and tops of calcicolous, but not in calcifugous tomato. This nitrate reductase activity decreased, however, when Fe was made available to the plants. When Fe stress was eliminated by adding Fe, nitrate reductase activity was comparable in the two cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1976.tb04003.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural Regulation of Antibody Clones by Auto-Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies in Rabbits (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 418 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb18050.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A lower limit to the field strength in magnetic reconnection sites in solar flares inferred from hard X-ray bursts (1985)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 117 (1985), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown how the hard X-ray burst count rate and itse-folding ime can be used to estimate the minimum magnetic fieldB min required in a flare magnetic reconnection site for the burst to be interpreted in terms of a thick target model. Application of the method to data from the Solar Maximum Mission (HXRBS) indicates absolute minimum fields well in excess of 100 G, and impossibly high values for some reconnection geometries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00660920
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dynamics of solar sails with a non-point source of radiation pressure (1990)
    Springer
    Celestial mechanics and dynamical astronomy 49 (1990), S. 249-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9478
    Keywords: Solar sails ; radiation pressure ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The form of the solar radiation pressure on a heliocentric orbiting solar sail is obtained for a finite angular sized and limb darkened solar disk by the use of the radiation pressure tensor. It is found that the usual inverse square variation of the solar radiation pressure is modified by the finite angular size, and to a lesser extent by the solar limb darkening. The actual magnitude of the modification is in itself small, except at close heliocentric distances. However, its existence has implications for the dynamical stability of solar sails both in parked and circular orbital configurations and for the accuracy of trajectory calculations, particularly for sails in the inner solar system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00049416
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical studies with gastric inhibitory polypeptide (1979)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 3 (1979), S. 553-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La perfusion intraveineuse chez l'homme de GIP de porc provoque une libération d'insuline lorsqu'un certain degré d'hypoglycémie est atteint. Cette riposte insulinique dépendant de la glycémie survient pour une dose de GIP donnant un taux circulant de ±1 ng/ml, soit un taux physiologique qui peut être atteint après ingestion de glucose, d'huile de maïs, ou d'un repas varié. Nous avons mesuré les taux sériques de GIP par radio-immunoessai; l'antisérum utilisé dans toute l'étude mesure 2 formes immunoréactives de GIP. Chez les malades atteints de pancréatite chronique, les taux de GIP sont anormalement élevés après glucose per os ou après un repas liquide à plusieurs composantes. Les mêmes types de réponses exagérées ont été observées chez les sujets obéses ou dans le diabète débutant de l'adulte. La réponse est inférieure à la normale en cas de malade coeliaque. Le GIP a sans aucun doute une action physiologique sur l'axe entéro-insulaire. Mais son rôle dans les états pathologiques n'est pas encore clairement démontré.
    Notes: Abstract Intravenous infusion of porcine GIP in man induces insulin release when a degree of hyperglycemia is present. This glucose-dependent insulinotropic response occurs when a dose of GIP is administered to obtain circulating levels of approximately 1 ng/ml, a physiologic level that can be achieved by the ingestion of glucose or corn oil or a mixed meal. Serum GIP was measured by radioimmunoassay, and the single antiserum used in all the described studies measures 2 immunoreactive forms of GIP. In patients with chronic pancreatitis receiving an oral glucose load or a mixed liquid test meal, GIP levels have been shown to be exaggerated. Similar elevated responses have been observed in obese patients and in maturity onset diabetes. A reduced GIP response has been seen in patients with celiac disease. A physiologic role for GIP in the enteroinsular axis has been established. However, involvement of the hormone in pathophysiologic situations is equivocal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01654758
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