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Note: At head of title : Great international fisheries exhibition. London. 1883. United States. of America. E

Note: Includes index

Note: Bibliography: p. 263-265 , Includes index

Note: Intro -- Notes on Contributors -- Preface -- Introduction: What is the Philosophy of Science? -- DO THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS TRANSCEND EMPIRICISM? -- CHAPTER ONE: Why Thought Experiments Transcend Empiricism -- CHAPTER TWO: Why Thought Experiments do not Transcend Empiricism -- DOES PROBABILITY CAPTURE THE LOGIC OF SCIENTIFIC CONFIRMATION OR JUSTIFICATION? -- CHAPTER THREE: Probability Captures the Logic of Scientific Confirmation -- CHAPTER FOUR: Why Probability does not Capture the Logic of Scientific Justification -- CAN A THEORY'S PREDICTIVE SUCCESS WARRANT BELIEF IN THE UNOBSERVABLE ENTITIES IT POSTULATES? -- CHAPTER FIVE: A Theory's Predictive Success can Warrant Belief in the Unobservable Entities it Postulates -- CHAPTER SIX: A Theory's Predictive Success does not Warrant Belief in the Unobservable Entities it Postulates -- ARE THERE LAWS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES? -- CHAPTER SEVEN: There are no Laws of the Social Sciences -- CHAPTER EIGHT: There are Laws in the Social Sciences -- ARE CAUSES PHYSICALLY CONNECTED TO THEIR EFFECTS? -- CHAPTER NINE: Causes are PhysicallyConnected to their Effects: Why Preventers and Omissions are not Causes -- CHAPTER TEN: Causes need not be Physically Connected to their Effects: The Case for Negative Causation -- IS THERE A PUZZLE ABOUT THE LOW-ENTROPY PAST? -- CHAPTER ELEVEN: On the Origins of the Arrow of Time: Why there is Still a Puzzle about the Low-Entropy Past -- CHAPTER TWELVE: There is no Puzzle about the Low-Entropy Past -- DO GENES ENCODE INFORMATION ABOUT PHENOTYPIC TRAITS? -- CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Genes Encode Information for Phenotypic Traits -- CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Genes do not Encode Information for Phenotypic Traits -- IS THE MIND A SYSTEM OF MODULES SHAPED BY NATURAL SELECTION? -- CHAPTER FIFTEEN: The Mind is a System of Modules Shaped by Natural Selection. , CHAPTER SIXTEEN: The Mind is not (just) a System of Modules Shaped (just) by Natural Selection -- Index.

Note: BOOK COVER -- HALF-TITLE -- TITLE -- COPYRIGHT -- DEDICATION -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- 1 ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE LABORATORY OF THE MIND -- GALILEO ON FALLING BODIES -- STEVIN ON THE INCLINED PLANE -- NEWTON ON CENTRIPETAL FORCE AND PLANETARY MOTION -- NEWTON'S BUCKET AND ABSOLUTE SPACE -- EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY -- POINCARE AND REICHENBACH ON GEOMETRY -- NON-EXAMPLES -- EINSTEIN CHASES A LIGHT BEAM -- SEEING AND MANIPULATING -- EINSTEIN'S ELEVATOR -- HEISENBERG'S Y-RAY MICROSCOPE -- SCHRODINGER'S CAT -- EPR -- PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS -- THE STATUS OF PHILOSOPHICAL EXAMPLES -- OTHER FIELDS -- 2 THE STRUCTURE OF THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS -- DESTRUCTIVE THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS -- CONSTRUCTIVE THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS -- MEDIATIVE THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS -- CONJECTURAL THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS -- DIRECT THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS -- PLATONIC THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS -- THEORY AND EVIDENCE -- NORTON'S EMPIRICISM -- 3 MATHEMATICAL THINKING -- COMBINATORICS -- WHAT IS PLATONISM? -- THE FAINT OF HEART -- A FLABBY EXPLANATION? -- DOES IT MATTER? -- A MYSTERIOUS PROCESS? -- THE CAUSAL THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE -- 4 SEEING THE LAWS OF NATURE -- WHAT ARE PLATONIC THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS? -- WHY A PRIORI? -- LAWS OF NATURE -- LAWS AS RELATIONS AMONG UNIVERSALS -- LAWS AND THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS -- OBJECTIONS AND REPLIES -- DISCOVERY VS JUSTIFICATION -- KUHN'S PARADIGMS -- A PRIORI BUT FALSE? -- POSSIBLE WORLDS REASONING? -- GALILEO AS A RATIONALIST -- THE STATUS OF THE THEORY -- 5 EINSTEIN'S BRAND OF VERIFICATIONISM -- FALL OF THE POSITIVIST IMAGE -- PROBLEMS WITH THE DEVELOPMENTAL PICTURE -- PRINCIPLE AND CONSTRUCTIVE THEORIES -- FREE CREATIONS OF THE MIND -- EINSTEIN'S REALISM -- RELATIVITY AS A PRINCIPLE THEORY -- EINSTEIN'S BRAND OF VERIFICATIONISM -- EINSTEIN AND LEIBNIZ -- REAL EXPERIMENTS -- EINSTEIN AND BOHR -- CONCLUDING REMARKS. , 6 QUANTUM MECHANICS: A PLATONIC INTERPRETATION -- THE ROAD TO COPENHAGEN -- THE QM FORMALISM -- INTERPRETATIONS -- FROM BOHR TO WIGNER -- EPR -- SCHRODINGER'S KITTENS -- THE BELL RESULTS -- CONCEPTS OF LOCALITY -- OPTIONS -- 1. A brute fact -- 2. Non-local, contextual hidden variables -- 3. Laws as causes of correlations -- PASSION AT A DISTANCE -- CORRELATIONS AND THE LAWS OF NATURE -- CONCLUSION -- AFTERWORD -- NOTES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX.

Note: Intro -- Metabolic Ecology -- Contents -- Notes on contributors -- Preface -- Introduction: Metabolism as the basis for A theoretical unification of ecology -- Part I: Foundations -- Chapter 1: Methodological Tools -- Chapter 2: The Metabolic Theory of Ecology and its Central Equation -- Chapter 3: Stoichiometry -- Chapter 4: Modeling Metazoan Growth and Ontogeny -- Chapter 5: Life History -- Chapter 6: Behavior -- Chapter 7: Population and Community Ecology -- Chapter 8: Predator-Prey Relations and Food Webs -- Chapter 9: Ecosystems -- Chapter 10: Rates of Metabolism and Evolution -- Chapter 11: Biodiversity and Its Energetic and Thermal Controls -- Part II: Selected Organisms and Topics -- Chapter 12: Microorganisms -- Chapter 13: Phytoplankton -- Chapter 14: Land Plants: New Theoretical Directions and Empirical Prospects -- Chapter 15: Marine Invertebrates -- Chapter 16: Insect Metabolic Rates -- Chapter 17: Terrestrial Vertebrates -- Chapter 18: Seabirds and Marine Mammals -- Chapter 19: Parasites -- Chapter 20: Human Ecology -- Part III: Practical Applications -- Chapter 21: Marine Ecology and Fisheries -- Chapter 22: Conservation Biology -- Chapter 23: Climate Change -- Chapter 24: Beyond Biology -- Chapter 25:Synthesis and Prospect -- Glossary -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Notes on Contributors -- Preface -- INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER 1 EXPERIENCE AND NECESSITY: THE MILL-WHEWELL DEBATE -- CHAPTER 2 CONVENTIONALISM: POINCARÉ, DUHEM, REICHENBACH -- CHAPTER 3 THE VIENNA CIRCLE: MORITZ SCHLICK, OTTO NEURATH AND RUDOLF CARNAP -- CHAPTER 4 CARL G. HEMPEL: LOGICAL EMPIRICIST -- CHAPTER 5 ANTI-INDUCTIVISM AS WORLDVIEW: THE PHILOSOPHY OF KARL POPPER -- CHAPTER 6 HISTORICAL APPROACHES: KUHN, LAKATOS AND FEYERABEND -- CHAPTER 7 THE CONTINGENCY OF THE CAUSAL NEXUS: GHAZALI AND MODERN SCIENCE -- CHAPTER 8 SOCIOLOGY OF SCIENCE: BLOOR, COLLINS, LATOUR -- CHAPTER 9 ONE CANNOT BE JUST A LITTLE BIT REALIST: PUTNAM AND VAN FRAASSEN* -- CHAPTER 10 BEYOND THEORIES: CARTWRIGHT AND HACKING -- CHAPTER 11 FEMINIST CRITIQUES: HARDING AND LONGINO -- AFTERWORD -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Organization of this Book -- 1.2 How to Read This Book -- 1.3 Summary Statistics About Boko Haram's Violent Activities -- 1.4 Summary of Significant Temporal Probabilistic (TP) Rules -- 1.5 Summary of Policy Recommendations -- 1.6 The Most Feasible Policy Recommended to Combat Boko Haram -- 1.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: History of Boko Haram -- 2.1 Emergence and History of Boko Haram -- 2.1.1 Boko Haram's Beginnings -- 2.1.2 The Boko Haram Uprising -- 2.2 Boko Haram -- 2.2.1 A Decade of Terror -- 2.2.2 Timeline of Events -- 2.3 Organizational Overview -- 2.3.1 Structure and Finance -- 2.3.2 Areas of Operation -- 2.3.3 Membership -- 2.3.4 Tactics -- 2.3.5 Training -- 2.4 Relationships with Other Terrorist Groups -- 2.4.1 al-Qaeda -- 2.4.2 ISIS -- References -- Chapter 3: Temporal Probabilistic Rules and Policy Computation Algorithms -- 3.1 Boko Haram Data -- 3.2 Temporal Probabilistic Rules -- 3.3 Policy Computation Algorithm -- 3.4 Sample Predictions -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Sexual Violence -- 4.1 Sexual Violence in the Absence of Seeking Religious Rule -- 4.2 Sexual Violence in Relation to Imprisoned and Foreign Members -- 4.3 Occurrence of Sexual Violence in Relation to Imprisoned, Foreign Members and Other Variables -- 4.4 Occurrence of Sexual Violence when Members of BH Are Imprisoned, and BH's Communications Did Not Address the Government -- 4.5 Lack of Sexual Violence when Boko Haram's Offices Are Not Shut Down -- 4.6 Lack of Sexual Violence when Boko Haram Is Not Using Child Soldiers -- 4.7 Lack of Sexual Violence when Military Aid Has Been Suspended or Denied and BH Is Not Forcefully Recruiting People. , 4.8 Lack of Sexual Violence when: Military Aid Has Been Suspended or Denied, BH Is Not Forcefully Recruiting People, and the Satisfaction of a Third Variable -- 4.9 Lack of Sexual Violence When: Military Aid Has Been Suspended or Denied, Foreign States/Institutions Do Not Accuse BH of Human Rights Abuses, and a Third Variable -- 4.10 Conclusions -- 4.11 Predictive Model/Reports Results -- References -- Chapter 5: Suicide Bombings -- 5.1 Suicide Bombings and Boko Harm's Use of Child Soldiers -- 5.2 Suicide Bombings When Boko Haram Is Not Actively Promoting Religious Rule or Communicating Their Strategy -- 5.3 Suicide Bombings in Relation to When Boko Haram's Members Are Arrested, and the Group Is Not Actively Promoting Religious Rule -- 5.4 Suicide Bombings in Relation to When Boko Haram's Members Are Arrested, the Group Not Actively Promoting Religious Rule and a Third Variable -- 5.5 Suicide Bombings When Boko Haram's Members Are Not Trial, the Group Is Not Actively Promoting Religious Rule, and a Third Variable -- 5.6 A Lack of Suicide Bombings When Boko Haram Is Not Recruiting, Training and/or Deploying Children -- 5.7 A Lack of Suicide Bombings When Boko Haram Is Not Recruiting, Training and/or Deploying Children Combined with another Variable -- 5.8 An Absence of Suicide Bombings When Boko Haram's Offices Have Not Been Closed in Combination with a Second Variable -- 5.9 An Absence of Suicide Bombings When Boko Haram Is Not Reportedly Using Child Solders or Giving Military Support to Another Groups and No Negotiations with the Government Are Planned -- 5.10 Conclusions -- 5.11 Predictive Model/Reports Results -- References -- Chapter 6: Abductions -- 6.1 Abductions and Boko Harm's Use of Child Soldiers and a Second Variable -- 6.2 Abduction Predictions When Boko Harm Uses Child Soldiers and Two Other Conditions Are Met. , 6.3 Abductions When Government Shuts Down Boko Haram's Offices, the Group Does Not Address the Public, and the Government Was Reportedly Not Elected -- 6.4 Boko Haram's Release of Prisoners -- 6.5 Boko Haram's Release of Prisoners When the Group Uses Child Soldiers and a Second Variable Is True -- 6.6 Boko Haram's Release of Prisoners When the Group Is Using Child Soldiers, No Members of the Group Are on Trial, and Boko Haram Is Not Using Pseudonyms -- 6.7 Boko Haram's Release of Prisoners When the Group Is Using Child Soldiers, the Government Did Not Commit Acts of Sexual Violence, and Boko Haram Did Not Issue Messages About Its Aspirations and Objectives -- 6.8 Conclusions -- 6.9 Predictive Model/Reports Results -- References -- Chapter 7: Arson -- 7.1 Arson Attacks When Boko Haram Is Not Explicitly Striving for Religious Rule and a Second Variable Is True -- 7.2 A Lack of Arson Attacks, Boko Haram's Use of Child Soldiers and Terrorist Organization Designation -- 7.3 A Lack of Arson Attacks, the Closure of Boko Haram's Sites and the Group's Terrorist Designation -- 7.4 A Lack of Arson Attacks, Boko Haram's Use of Child Soldiers and a Second Variable -- 7.5 A Lack of Arson Attacks, Boko Haram's Use of Child Soldiers and Accusations of Human Rights Violations -- 7.6 A Lack of Arson Attacks When the Government Does Not Shut Down Boko Haram's Offices and Security Forces Do Not Commit Sexual Violence -- 7.7 A Lack of Arson Attacks When the Government Does Not Shut Down Boko Haram's Offices and a Second Variable -- 7.8 A Lack of Arson Attacks When the Government Is Receiving Not Military Aid and a Second Variable -- 7.9 Conclusions -- 7.10 Predictive Model/Reports Results -- References -- Chapter 8: Other Types of Attacks. , 8.1 The Targeting of Government Officials and Executions by Security Forces, the Closure of Boko Haram's Locations, and a Third Variable -- 8.2 Looting, the Suspension of Military Aid, the Groups Use of Unspecified Media, and a Third Variable -- 8.3 The Absence of Targeting of Security Installations, the Suspension of Military Aid, Threatening Messages, and a Third Variable -- 8.4 The Absence of Targeting of Security Installations, the Suspension of Military Aid, Claims of Responsibility, and a Third Variable -- 8.5 Attempted Bombing and the Use of Child Soldiers -- 8.6 Conclusions -- 8.7 Predictive Model Results -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix A: All TP-Rules -- Appendix B: Data Collection -- Appendix C: Most Frequently Occurring Independent Variables -- Appendix D: Sample Report -- Boko Haram Action Anticipation Report.

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